Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is one of several sub-types of B-cell lymphomas. The malignancy is very aggressive and average survival time is short. The hallmark of MCL is over expression of cyclin D1, however about 15% of all MCL cases do not display this over expression and are easily misdiagnosed. Recently the transcription factor Sox11 has been shown to be specifically over expressed in the nucleus of MCL-tumour cells, and polyclonal rabbit anti-Sox11 antibodies have been used to successfully identify MCL in both cyclin D1 positive and negative cases. Howev-er, human recombinant MCL-specific antibodies as have several advantages over these polyclonal rabbit antibodies; they can easily be produced in large quantities in vitro, their specificity is constant from batch to batch and they can possibly be used for therapeutic purposes. Because of this, it is desirable to produce human recombinant antibodies against proteins over expressed in MCL. In this study human recombinant IgGs have been produced towards two pro-teins over expressed in MCL, Sox11 and KIAA0882. This was done by cloning of single chain variable fragments (scFvs), previously selected from a large scFv library through phage display selection against Sox11- and KIAA0882-protein epitope signature tag (PrEST), into vectors containing human IgG constant regions followed by expression of human IgG antibodies in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. One IgG clone for each antigen was shown to be functional and specific. Both clones were shown to have overlapping binding epitopes with their polyclonal rabbit antibody counterpart (rabbit anti-Sox11/KIAA0882) through competitive ELISA. The anti-Sox11 IgG was able to detect two bands in cell lysate in Western blot, of which one probably is Sox11 while the other band possibly could be Sox4. However, this needs to be confirmed in future experiments. The affinity of the anti-Sox11 IgG was measured in Biacore and compared to the affinity of its original scFv. This gave a rough estimation of the affinities, but the values are unreliable and the measurements need to be redone. Although more work has to be put into evaluating the potential of the produced IgGs, they compose a promising starting point to an improved understanding and improved diagnosis of MCL.

<p>Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is one of several sub-types of B-cell lymphomas. The malignancy is very aggressive and average survival time is short. The hallmark of MCL is over expression of cyclin D1, however about 15% of all MCL cases do not display this over expression and are easily misdiagnosed. Recently the transcription factor Sox11 has been shown to be specifically over expressed in the nucleus of MCL-tumour cells, and polyclonal rabbit anti-Sox11 antibodies have been used to successfully identify MCL in both cyclin D1 positive and negative cases. Howev-er, human recombinant MCL-specific antibodies as have several advantages over these polyclonal rabbit antibodies; they can easily be produced in large quantities in vitro, their specificity is constant from batch to batch and they can possibly be used for therapeutic purposes. Because of this, it is desirable to produce human recombinant antibodies against proteins over expressed in MCL. In this study human recombinant IgGs have been produced towards two pro-teins over expressed in MCL, Sox11 and KIAA0882. This was done by cloning of single chain variable fragments (scFvs), previously selected from a large scFv library through phage display selection against Sox11- and KIAA0882-protein epitope signature tag (PrEST), into vectors containing human IgG constant regions followed by expression of human IgG antibodies in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. One IgG clone for each antigen was shown to be functional and specific. Both clones were shown to have overlapping binding epitopes with their polyclonal rabbit antibody counterpart (rabbit anti-Sox11/KIAA0882) through competitive ELISA. The anti-Sox11 IgG was able to detect two bands in cell lysate in Western blot, of which one probably is Sox11 while the other band possibly could be Sox4. However, this needs to be confirmed in future experiments. The affinity of the anti-Sox11 IgG was measured in Biacore and compared to the affinity of its original scFv. This gave a rough estimation of the affinities, but the values are unreliable and the measurements need to be redone. Although more work has to be put into evaluating the potential of the produced IgGs, they compose a promising starting point to an improved understanding and improved diagnosis of MCL.</p>

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MSc (Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

Thesis (MSc (Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1998. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

O diagnóstico da infecção por ETEC é baseada na detecção dos seus principais fatores de virulência, as toxinas termo-lábil e termo-estável, através de métodos de biologia molecular ou imunossorológicos. A tecnologia de anticorpos recombinantes permite a obtenção de moléculas com baixo custo, afinidades e especificidades desejáveis, através da clonagem dos domínios variáveis das cadeias leve e pesada da imunoglobulina, fusionados a um ligante flexível que permite a correta interação entre os domínios e a preservação do sítio de ligação ao antígeno. Este estudo teve como objetivo a construção de um fragmento variável em cadeia única (scFv), a partir de hibridomas produtores de anticorpo monoclonal anti-LT, seguida da sua produção em células bacterianas. Um fragmento variável em cadeia única com 723 pb foi obtido, sendo expresso em cepa de Escherichia coli como uma proteína com peso molecular aparente de 30 kDa. Após purificação em cromatografia de afinidade a Ni2+ e renaturação, o scFvLT foi capaz de reconhecer a toxina LT por ELISA de captura e Immunodot, porém não foi capaz de reconhecer as subunidades da toxina LT, por Immunoblotting, nem de neutralizar sua atividade citopática em células adrenais Y1. / Heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins are the main ETEC\'s virulence factors and infection diagnosis is based on their detection by molecular biology or immunoserological methods. The advances on antibody biotechnology provide alternatives to obtain low cost antibodies with desirable affinities and specificities by cloning immunoglobulin\'s heavy and light variable domains (HV and LV) as a single-chain fusion interspaced by a flexible linker, which allowing the correct interaction between the domains and preserving the antigen-binding site. In this study we aimed the construction of a scFv upon hybridoma cells that produce an anti-LT monoclonal antibody following its bacterial production. A single-chain fragment variable with 723 bp was obtained and expressed as a protein with apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa in Escherichia coli strain. The scFvLT recombinant antibody was submitted to metal affinity chromatography and refolding and was tested by immunoenzimatic assays. Refolded scFvLT was able to recognized LT toxin by capture ELISA and Immunodot. However, scFvLT wasnt able to recognize LT toxin subunits by Immunoblotting neither neutralize its activity in Y1 adrenal cells.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandes_cc_me_jabo.pdf: 1349174 bytes, checksum: b0d752648346a29041d0fbd5f330fbf6 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Anticorpos monoclonais se constituem na base de vários testes usados na detecção e na identificação de antígenos. Nesse contexto, tais imuno-reagentes têm sido extensivamente empregados na identificação de estirpes virais envolvidas na etiologia de surtos de bronquite infecciosa a campo, permitindo o aperfeiçoamento das técnicas de detecção e caracterização antigênica do vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (VBI). No presente estudo, uma biblioteca de fragmentos de anticorpos de galinha originalmente preparada por “phage display” contra a estirpe vacinal (H120) do VBI, foi usada para a seleção de fragmentos de anticorpos recombinantes com reatividade cruzada para as estirpes heterólogas IBVPR01, IBVPR05, isoladas de surtos a campo no Brasil e SE-17, isolada nos Estados Unidos. Após três ciclos de “panning”, foi identificado pelo ELISA um conjunto de 15 anticorpos scFv expressos em fagos e com reatividade cruzada para essas mesmas estirpes do VBI. A análise por Western-blotting revelou que três desses clones apresentavam fagos expressando fragmentos de anticorpos monoclonais com reatividade cruzada para a nucleoproteína N das três estirpes do VBI e também para a forma recombinante dessa nucleoproteína derivada da estirpe M41. Concluindo, os fragmentos de anticorpos monoclonais recombinantes scFv-N produzido em fagos interagem com um epítopo mais conservado da proteína N do VBI e apresentam um grande potencial para utilização na detecção e no diagnóstico direto desse vírus e no estudo de evolução de variantes desse vírus. / Monoclonal antibodies are the basis of various techniques used for antigen detection or characterization, and their use is specially recommended for the identification of viral strains involved in the etiology of outbreaks of infectious bronchitis, because these antibodies are homogeneous, highly specific and fully characterized, allowing the improvement of detection of immunological techniques and antigenic characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains (IBV). We used a phage display library prepared previously against the IBV vaccine strain (H120) for the selection of new scFv antibody fragments reacting with heterologous IBV strains isolated from outbreaks in Brazil (IBVPR01, IBVPR05) and USA (SE-17). After three cycles of panning a set of 15 scFv antibodies was expressed in phages and exhibited crossreaction in ELISA with these three viral strains. Western-blotting analysis showed that three of this clone set were expressing scFv specific for the nucleoprotein of these IBV strains, as well as to the recombinant form of this protein derived from M41 strain of IBV. In conclusion, the recombinant fragments of monoclonal antibodies expressed by phage-display technique have a great potential for future use in immunodiagnostic techniques and study the evolution of variant strains of this virus.

O diagnóstico da infecção por ETEC é baseada na detecção dos seus principais fatores de virulência, as toxinas termo-lábil e termo-estável, através de métodos de biologia molecular ou imunossorológicos. A tecnologia de anticorpos recombinantes permite a obtenção de moléculas com baixo custo, afinidades e especificidades desejáveis, através da clonagem dos domínios variáveis das cadeias leve e pesada da imunoglobulina, fusionados a um ligante flexível que permite a correta interação entre os domínios e a preservação do sítio de ligação ao antígeno. Este estudo teve como objetivo a construção de um fragmento variável em cadeia única (scFv), a partir de hibridomas produtores de anticorpo monoclonal anti-LT, seguida da sua produção em células bacterianas. Um fragmento variável em cadeia única com 723 pb foi obtido, sendo expresso em cepa de Escherichia coli como uma proteína com peso molecular aparente de 30 kDa. Após purificação em cromatografia de afinidade a Ni2+ e renaturação, o scFvLT foi capaz de reconhecer a toxina LT por ELISA de captura e Immunodot, porém não foi capaz de reconhecer as subunidades da toxina LT, por Immunoblotting, nem de neutralizar sua atividade citopática em células adrenais Y1. / Heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) toxins are the main ETEC\'s virulence factors and infection diagnosis is based on their detection by molecular biology or immunoserological methods. The advances on antibody biotechnology provide alternatives to obtain low cost antibodies with desirable affinities and specificities by cloning immunoglobulin\'s heavy and light variable domains (HV and LV) as a single-chain fusion interspaced by a flexible linker, which allowing the correct interaction between the domains and preserving the antigen-binding site. In this study we aimed the construction of a scFv upon hybridoma cells that produce an anti-LT monoclonal antibody following its bacterial production. A single-chain fragment variable with 723 bp was obtained and expressed as a protein with apparent molecular weight of 30 kDa in Escherichia coli strain. The scFvLT recombinant antibody was submitted to metal affinity chromatography and refolding and was tested by immunoenzimatic assays. Refolded scFvLT was able to recognized LT toxin by capture ELISA and Immunodot. However, scFvLT wasnt able to recognize LT toxin subunits by Immunoblotting neither neutralize its activity in Y1 adrenal cells.

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