Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-06-09T18:18:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ELIANA LEONOR HURTADO CELIS.pdf: 2109294 bytes, checksum: f9a62f7a6f0ed40cb1c7711c7cb65558 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-06-09T18:18:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ELIANA LEONOR HURTADO CELIS.pdf: 2109294 bytes, checksum: f9a62f7a6f0ed40cb1c7711c7cb65558 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T18:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ELIANA LEONOR HURTADO CELIS.pdf: 2109294 bytes, checksum: f9a62f7a6f0ed40cb1c7711c7cb65558 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / A cadeia de produção de suínos ainda apresenta algumas lacunas, principalmente quanto aos destinos de animais mortos nas granjas. Dentre os destinos, a industrialização de farinha de origem animal (FOA) apresenta-se como alternativa de reciclagem dos resíduos biológicos, onde o produto resultante do processo poderia ser utilizado na indústria agropecuária. A falta de estudos na área e as restrições do uso da mortalidade para qualquer finalidade distinta à decomposição controlada limita as informações sobre os riscos que estas atividades poderiam gerar na saúde animal e humana, além do equilíbrio ambiental. Desse modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma avaliação de risco microbiológica qualitativa da farinha de origem animal (FOA) visando fornecer subsídios para indicar os possíveis perigos e riscos associados à utilização da farinha produzida a partir dos suínos mortos nas granjas. Os resultados avaliados a partir de FOA sugerem que se as condições de industrialização fossem realizadas de forma adequada, considerando tempo/temperatura após o abate, o risco pode ser insignificante; porém existe a possibilidade de recontaminação após o resfriamento, sendo a Salmonella o perigo mais relatado nos estudos científicos, apresentando níveis de risco desde baixo até muito alto. Além do perigo microbiológico, perigos químicos como as aminas biogênicas geradas no processo de decomposição, também podem estar presentes na FOA, o que potencialmente poderá comprometer não somente a saúde animal como também os consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Entretanto, as condições de viabilização do processo de retirada e acondicionamento dos animais mortos não podem ser desconsideradas para obter uma estimativa com menor grau de incerteza. A partir das informações elencadas e dos cenários considerados, não foi possível indicar a produção de farinhas como um provável destino para os animais mortos nas granjas de suínos. / The swine production chain still has some gaps, especially as the dead animals on farms destinations. Among the destinations, the industrialization of flour of animal origin (FAO) can be an alternative of recycling biological waste, where the product resulting from the process could be used in the agricultural industry. The lack of studies in the area and restrictions on the use of mortality for any purpose other than controlled decomposition limit information on the risks that this activity could generate in animal and human health and environmental balance. Thus, the objective of this study was to achieve a qualitative microbiological risk assessment of flour of animal origin (FAO) aiming to provide subsidies to indicate the possible hazards and risks associated with the use of flour produced from pigs dead on farms. The results evaluated from FAO suggest that if the conditions of industrialization were carried out adequately, considering time/temperature after slaughter, the risk may be insignificant; but there is a possibility of recontamination after cooling, with Salmonella being the most reported hazard in scientific studies, presenting low to very high risk levels. In addition to the microbiological hazard, chemical hazards such as the biogenic amines generated in the decomposition process may also be present in the FAO, which potentially could compromise not only animal health but also consumers of animal products. However, the conditions of viability of the process of removal and packing of the dead animals cannot be disregarded to obtain an estimate with a lower degree of uncertainty. From the information provided and the scenarios considered, it was not possible to indicate the flour production of animal origin as a probable destination for animals dead on swine farms.

The disposal of sewage sludge is becoming an ever-increasing problem and a range of re-use options are being developed, with traditional composting and advanced alkaline stabilisation emerging as priority re-use alternatives in NSW. However, concerns have been raised regarding the dissemination of sludge related pathogens in the environment. Salmonella spp pose the greatest risk since they have the ability to proliferate in the absence of human and animal hosts. Composting processes eliminate salmonellae from sludge, but the opportunity for post-processing recontamination is considerable. This project examined the significance of post-processing recontamination of Salmonella broughton, introduced into composted sludge and N-Virosoil. In compost, inactivation rates of S. broughton showed an inverse relationship with simulated processing temperatures, with competitive exclusion by autocthonous compost flora thought to be the major mechanism of inhibition. S. broughton numbers were reduced to below the limits of detection after several weeks. S. broughton inactivation was also assessed in processed N-Virosoil and was found to be more immediate. It was concluded that both compost and N.Virosoil products have a low potential to support the regrowth of Salmonella spp. / Master of Science (Hons)(Environmental Science)