<p> Potassium channels allow selective flow of K+ ions across impermeable membranes. They switch between closed and open states in response to stimulus. The closed state of KcsA, a potassium channel from the bacteria streptomyces lividans, has been crystallized and studied. However, attempts to obtain a structural description of gating transition of the channel have been hampered because the open state is transiently occupied. In this study, we investigated changes in gating functions of KcsA caused by variations in environmental parameters such as pH, voltage and also mutation in KcsA using planar bilayer and patch clamp channel recording techniques to improve our understanding on the functional aspect of gate activation of KcsA.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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This thesis explores the limitations of determinism in regards to music, media, and the constitution of subjectivity. Its methodological resource is derived from a synthesis between media ecology, social psychoanalysis, and music semiotics. The case studies describe the incorporation of nostalgia into popular music ballads, the domestication of the phonograph, the contemporary trend of mashups, and the studio technique of backmasking. The conclusion asks that we readjust our approach to music, media, and subjectivity to account for the possibility of creative acts that are bound within a network of determinants. I use, finally, the writings of Maurice Merleau-Ponty to explore the body as a primary site of indeterminate mediation, which renders possible for the subject a potential of creative embodied expression.

This thesis explores the limitations of determinism in regards to music, media, and the constitution of subjectivity. Its methodological resource is derived from a synthesis between media ecology, social psychoanalysis, and music semiotics. The case studies describe the incorporation of nostalgia into popular music ballads, the domestication of the phonograph, the contemporary trend of mashups, and the studio technique of backmasking. The conclusion asks that we readjust our approach to music, media, and subjectivity to account for the possibility of creative acts that are bound within a network of determinants. I use, finally, the writings of Maurice Merleau-Ponty to explore the body as a primary site of indeterminate mediation, which renders possible for the subject a potential of creative embodied expression.

This thesis investigates the role of recording techniques in immersive music production, aiming to balance practicality and necessity. Through four case studies involving harp, piano, sitar and an original music production inspired by a letter, the research examines how the creative process within music production and recording techniques are influenced by immersive music in mind. Utilizing qualitative observation and quantitative technical experiments, the study documents the process and outcomes, revealing the significance of immersive microphone techniques for maintaining realistic spatialization. Future directions include further exploration of recording techniques and creative applications within immersive music production. By comparing various recording methods, this work contributes a unique perspective to the field, enhancing our understanding of the interplay between technology, creativity, and musical immersion. / <p><strong>Harp: </strong>Improvised piece played by Pauline Burke-Clason. Files: Harp_ADM_Mix1.wav, Harp_Binaural _Mix1.wav,Harp_ADM_Mix2.wav, Harp_Binaural _Mix2.wav and Harp_StereoReference.wav.</p><p>Shorter versions of these files are available on DiVa, while the complete files are stored at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm.</p><p><strong>Grand Piano: </strong><em>Maurice Ravel - Miroirs, No.5, La vallée des cloches</em>, played by Herdís Ágústa Linnet. Files:MauriceRavel-VLaValleeDesCloches_ADM_Mix1.wav, MauriceRavel-VLaValleeDesCloches_Binaural _Mix1.wav, MauriceRavel-VLaValleeDesCloches_ADM_Mix2.wav, MauriceRavel-VLaValleeDesCloches_Binaural_Mix2.wav and MauriceRavel-VLaValleeDesCloches_StereoReference.wav.</p><p>Shorter versions of these files are available on DiVa, while the complete files are stored at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm.</p><p><strong>Sitar: </strong>Improvised piece played by Arjun K. Verma. Files: Sitar_ADM.wav, Sitar_Binaural.wav och Sitar_StereoReference.wav.</p><p>21 seconds of this piece is used in this project.</p><p><strong>The Dream: </strong>Song written and produced by Basma Jabbar.</p><p>Acoustic guitar arranged by and played by Tom Jondelius.</p><p>Electric guitar arranged by and played by Chris Lee.</p><p>Drums played by Felix Kling.</p><p>Strings by Stockholm Studio Orchestra:</p><p>Violin: Anna Roos Stefansson, Claudia Bonfiglioli, Danial Shariati, Jannika Gustafsson, Jonna Simonsson, Lola Torrente, Oscar Treitler, Paul Waltman, Sarah Cross, Simona Bonfiglioli, Vicky Sayles.</p><p>Viola: Christopher Öhman, Erik Holm, Shahar Rosenthal, Vidar Andersson Meilink.</p><p>Cello: Daniel Thorell, Filip Lundberg, Josef Alin.</p><p>Double Bass: Bård Ericson.</p><p>Strings arranged by Henrik Langemyr.</p><p>Strings conducted by Erik Arvinder.</p><p>Strings recorded &amp; engineered by Willem Bleeker &amp; Erik Arvinder, assisted by Basma Jabbar.</p><p>Files: TheDream_ADM.wav, TheDream_Binaural.wav and TheDream_StereoReference.wav.</p><p>Shorter versions of these files are available on DiVa, while the complete files are stored at the Royal College of Music in Stockholm.</p><p>If nothing else is stated, recording and mixing engineer is Basma Jabbar.</p>

This study investigates the impact of time alignment on perceived attributes for drumkit recording techniques within the context of popular music. While previous research has compared time alignment in drum recording, little attention has been paid to the differences it may cause in perceived recording qualities. To address this gap, various overhead microphone configurations were recorded alongside kick and snare microphones to create stimuli for listening tests. These recordings were then processed with and without time alignment, and attributes such as clarity and punch were evaluated by participants using a modified MUSHRA interface. The results consistently favored non-time-aligned techniques in terms of perceived clarity and punch, with statistically significant differences observed in most cases. Preferences between engineers and musicians did not significantly differ. Participants provided both quantitative and qualitative feedback, including preferences for certain techniques and evaluations of clarity, punch, balance, size, and width. Least preferred samples exhibited characteristics such as roominess, phase issues, processed sound, dryness, harshness, muddiness, and undefined qualities. Critiques of the XY configurations included mentions of uneven stereo imaging and unnatural phase correlation, suggesting potential improvements in mic placement.

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