Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

No description available.

No description available.

Objective: to describe the clinical, endoscopic, and histological characteristics of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome, formerly known as Solitary rectal ulcer, in patients from a general hospital. Material and methods: All patient diagnosed as rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome during 2010-2013 was selected; the medical history war reviewed and the histological slides were reevaluated by two pathologists. Results: 17 cases of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome were selected, the majority were males under 50 years, the most common clinical findings were rectal bleeding (82%) and constipation (65%), the endocopic findings were heterogeneous,: erythema (41%), ulcers (35%) and elevated lesions (29%). All cases presented fibromuscular hyperplasia in lamina propia and crypt distortion in the microscopic evaluation. Conclusion: In our study of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome. The most common clinical findings were rectal bleeding and constipation. Erythematous mucosa was the most common endoscopic finding. / Objetivo: Describir el espectro clínico endoscópico e histológico de síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal, antes llamado ulcera rectal solitaria, en pacientes de un hospital general. Material y métodos: Se recolectaron los casos diagnosticados como síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal durante los años 2010-2013. Las historias clínicas fueron revisadas y las láminas fueron reevaluadas por 2 patólogos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 17 casos de prolapso de mucosa rectal, la mayoría en varones menores de 50 años, los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes fueron rectorragia (82%) y constipación (65%), con hallazgos endoscópicos muy variables que incluyó eritema (41%), ulceras (35%) y lesiones elevadas (29%). Todos los casos presentaron hiperplasia fibromuscular en lámina propia y distorsión de criptas en la evaluación histológica Conclusión: En nuestro estudio de síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal la rectorragia y la constipación fueron los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes. El eritema mucoso fue la presentación endoscópica más frecuente.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was threefold: 1) To explore the use of text-search methods for identifying rectal cancer patients in large datasets; 2) To examine temporal trends of surgical quality indicators for rectal cancer at a single, tertiary-care institution; 3) To validate the use of administrative codes for identifying rectal cancer patients in population-based datasets. Methods: 1) A text-search algorithm was developed, validated, and applied to all pathology reports at The Ottawa Hospital (TOH) over a 15-year period. Positive records were confirmed through manual chart review, and a gold-standard cohort of all rectal cancer resections performed at TOH was created. 2) Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess temporal trends and associated factors for four (4) key surgical quality indicators. 3) Previously published methods for identifying rectal cancer resections in population-based datasets were validated using the cohort of patients created in Objective 1 as a gold standard. Results: 1) The text-search algorithm had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.4%, respectively. Because of low disease prevalence, positive predictive value (PPV) was 18.6%. 2) The proportion of resections with successful lymph node retrieval improved significantly over the course of the study period. No change was demonstrated for the remaining 3 surgical quality indicators. 3) Previously described methods that utilize procedure codes to identify rectal cancer resections in large administrative datasets had a sensitivity and specificity of 89.5% and 99.9%, respectively, with a PPV of 64.9%. Conclusions: It is feasible to utilize both procedure codes and text-search methods to identify patients with surgical resections for rectal cancer in administrative datasets. However, these methods are at risk of being inaccurate and resulting cohorts should be validated. Creating large cohorts of rectal cancer patients can be useful for studying a variety of subjects, including surgical quality.

Perineal descent (PD) is a sign of connective tissue weakness of the pelvic floor, it can be measured mechanically or radiologically. Joint hypermobility can be a sign of a generalised connective tissue abnormality, there is an increased incidence of pelvic organ prolapse and faecal incontinence amongst patients with heritable connective tissues diseases. To explore the relevance of PD and the relationship between connective tissue abnormality and pelvic floor dysfunction five studies were performed.A new mechanical device for the measurement of PD, the laser commode, and the established mechanical device, the perineometer were compared to the current gold standard method of measurement, defaecating proctography in 68 subjects. The laser commode provided a mean overall PD measurement closer to that of proctography than the perineometer but the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements were not accurate enough for the laser commode to be used either in the subsequent parts of this research project or in a clinical setting.Perineal descent was measured using proctography and joint hypermobility was measured using the Beighton score in 70 females with pelvic floor dysfunction. No correlation was found between PD and joint mobility.A review of 323 proctograms of females with pelvic floor dysfunction found an association between PD and rectal prolapse but no association between either PD and rectocele formation or PD and rectal intussusception. The Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory questionnaires of 133 females were correlated with their proctography findings. There was no association between PD and any of the clinical symptoms. Biopsies from the rectus sheath and pelvic floor fascia of 19 females with rectal prolapse were compared to those of 8 normal controls. There was no difference in collagen or elastin content between the groups but participant numbers were small. The pelvic floor fascia of the rectal prolapse group showed a higher percentage of well organised elastin than that of the control group but this did not reach statistical significance. Perineal descent does not appear to be a consistent indicator of severe pelvic floor connective tissue abnormality or injury. This study has furthered our understanding of perineal descent and the relationships between this finding and other pelvic floor disorders caused by connective tissue weakness. Future work will focus on further histological analysis of tissue from patients with rectal prolapse in combination with the use of more sensitive methods to establish the presence of an underlying connective tissue abnormality.

No description available.

No description available.

Introdução: A identificação de mecanismos genéticos envolvidos no processo de carcinogênese do câncer colorretal levou ao surgimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas como a terapia gênica. Através do bloqueio ou estímulo de determinados alvos genéticos ou moleculares seria possível interromper o ciclo celular de células transformadas. Uma das estratégias sugeridas foi a utilização de seqüências anti-sense do gene da ciclina G que revelou resultados iniciais clínicos e experimentais promissores em diversas neoplasias, inclusive na colorretal. Assim seria esperado que a expressão da ciclina G estivesse freqüentemente alterada de maneira seletiva nas células do câncer colorretal quando comparado às células normais. Por estas razões, decidiu-se estudar a expressão da ciclina G em pacientes com câncer do reto. Métodos: Dados clínicos, epidemiológicos, anátomo-patológicos e de sobrevivência de 36 pacientes com câncer do reto foram obtidos e correlacionados com os resultados de expressão imunohistoquímica da ciclina G. O tecido neoplásico e normal distante da lesão primária foram submetidos a reação imunohistoquímica com anticorpo monoclonal anti-ciclina G e quantificados através de três métodos: (1) quantitativo, obtido a partir da contagem de células determinando a razão entre o número de células positivas e o número total de células contadas em 10 campos; (2) semi-quantitativo (cruzes), obtido a partir da pontuação em sistema de cruzes conforme a intensidade e quantidade de células positivas em áreas de maior impregnação do corante; (3) semi-quantitativo (escore), obtido a partir da pontuação em sistema de escore (alto ou baixo) conforme a intensidade e quantidade de células positivas em áreas de maior impregnação do corante. O estudo estatístico incluiu teste T de student, Qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, teste t pareado, Wilcoxon, log-rank e curva ROC sendo considerados significativos quando o valor de p<0,05. Resultados: A expressão da ciclina G foi positiva em 76,5±30% da células contadas, com média de 3,2±1,1 cruzes e escore alto em 32 pacientes no tecido tumoral. No tecido normal dos pacientes a positividade foi de 42,2±27,4%, com média de 1,9±1,1 cruzes e escore alto em 16 casos. Quando comparados os tecidos tumoral e normal de cada paciente, o resultado tumor>normal foi obtido em 28 (77,8%) pacientes (quantitativa), 27 (75%) pacientes (semi-quantitativa/cruzes) e 18 (50%) pacientes (semi-quantitativa/escore). A diferença de expressão entre tecido tumoral e tecido normal maior que 10% apresentou correlação com ausência de metástases sistêmicas enquanto que a diferença maior que 38% apresentou correlação com a ausência de metástases linfonodais (área da curva 0,69 nos dois casos). Houve correlação entre o resultado tumor>normal e a ausência de metástases linfonodais quando o método de quantificação foi semi-quantitativo (cruzes e escore;p=0,02 e 0,04). Não houve correlação entre o resultado tumor>normal e as demais características. Não houve influência do resultado tumor>normal nas curvas de sobrevivência (3 anos). Conclusões: A expressão da ciclina G é maior no tecido neoplásico do câncer colorretal quando comparada ao tecido normal. Apesar disso, a expressão da ciclina G é raramente nula no tecido normal. A expressão de ciclina G tumor>normal esteve associada a ausência de metástases linfonodais quando mensurada através de métodos semi-quantitativos. Apesar disso, a expressão alterada da ciclina G não tem influência sobre sobrevivência precoce em pacientes com câncer do reto. / Introduction: Identification of genetic mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis led to the development of new treatment strategies such as gene therapy. The aim of this strategy is to interrupt cell-cycle of transformed malignant cells by blocking or stimulating specific gene expression. Utilization of cyclin G antisense constructs has been suggested with clinical and experimental promising results in various neoplasias, including colorectal cancer. In this setting, one would expect that cyclin G would be selectively overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells as opposed to normal tissue. For this reason, we decided to study cyclin G expression in patients with rectal cancer. Methods: Clinical, epidemiological, pathological and survival data from 36 patients with rectal cancer was collected and correlated with Cyclin G immunohistochemical expression. Neoplastic and non-adjacent normal tissue were stained with monoclonal anti-Cyclin G antibody and quantified according to 3 different methods: (1) quantitative, obtained from cell count and determined by the ratio between positive counted cells and total number of counted cells observed in 10 microscopic fields; (2) semi-quantitative (crosses), obtained from a scoring system that takes into account both quantity and intensity of most strongly stained areas; (3) semi-quantitative (score), obtained from a scoring system that takes into account both quantity and intensity of most strongly stained areas. Statistical analysis included ROC curves, student\'s T, Chi-square, Fisher\'s exact, log rank, Wilcoxon, and paired t test. Significant differences were considered for p<0.05. Results: In tumor-tissue, positive Cyclin G expression was observed in 76.5±30% of counted cells, with a mean number of 3.2±1.1 crosses and high expression score in 32 patients (89%). In normal tissue, positive cyclin G expression was observed in 42.2±27.4% of counted cells, with a mean of 1.9±1.1 crossed and high expression score in 16 patients. When comparing tumor and normal tissue within each patient, a result of tumor>normal cyclin G expression was observed in 28 (77.8%) patients (quantitative method), 27 (75%) patients (semi-quantitative crosses) and 18(50%) patients (semi-quantitative score). A difference of cyclin G expression between tumor and normal tissue greater than 10% was associated with the absence of metastatic disease. A difference of cyclin G expression between tumor and normal tissue greater than 38% was associated with the absence of lymph node metastases (ROC curve area of 0.69 in both cases). There was significant association between cyclin G expression tumor>normal result and the absence of lymph node metastases when using semi-quantitative quantification methods (p=0.02 for crosses; p=0.04 for score). There was no association between cyclin G expression and other patient\'s characteristics or survival. Conclusion: Cyclin G expression is greater in tumor tissue when compared to normal tissue in patients with rectal cancer. However, cyclin G expression in normal tissue is rarely absent. Tumor>normal cyclin G expression is significantly associated with absence of lymph node metastases when quantified using semiquantitative methods. However, cyclin G expression had no influence in short-term survival.