A lesão medular (LM) promove uma condição devastadora que resulta em déficits sensorial e motor, impedindo o desempenho funcional do indivíduo. Modelos experimentais de lesão medular têm sido utilizados na investigação do funcionamento do sistema sensório-motor e da reorganização promovida por meio de tratamentos, podendo corroborar com aplicações clínicas atuais e futuras. Este trabalho tem como objetivos verificar a recuperação funcional e a dinâmica da reorganização cortical do sistema sensório-motor de ratos Wistar lesados medulares submetidos a treinamento motor. 17 ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: treinado (n = 6), controle (n = 7) e sham (n = 4). Todos os animais receberam um implante de matriz de 32 micro-elétrodos no córtex sensório-motor. Os animais do grupo treinado e controle foram submetidos à LM contusa e os do grupo sham somente ao procedimento cirúrgico sem a LM. Foram realizadas as avaliações comportamentais motoras, de dor neuropática (alodínea e hiperalgesia mecânica), de dor térmica e eletrofisiológica antes da LM e nos 1º, 3º, 5º, 7º, 14º, 21º, 28º, 35º, 42º, 49º e 56º dias pós-operatórios (dPO) da lesão. O grupo treinado realizou treinamento motor em uma esteira com velocidade controlada, tendo início no 5º dPO e foi realizado por 15 minutos, cinco vezes na semana até o final do experimento. Os outros dois grupos ficaram sem treinamento. No 57º dPO, os animais foram sacrificados, e as medulas espinhais e os encéfalos foram coletados para análise histológica. Os resultados mostraram melhora motora significativa do grupo treinado em relação ao controle. Ao final do experimento, os animais treinados foram capazes de realizar passos plantares coordenados consistentes de forma independente. Ambos os grupos lesados apresentaram alodínea após a LM, mas somente o controle apresentou aumento da dor mecânica. Os dados eletrofisiológicos revelaram alterações na atividade cortical sensório-motora no 1º dPO e ao longo do tempo. Foi identificado que o aumento da potência da banda beta contribuiu para a melhora motora do grupo treinado e o aumento da potência delta contribuiu para a recuperação motora limitada do grupo controle. Na análise histológica os grupos não diferiram em relação ao tamanho da lesão, mas foi identificada uma diminuição significativa dos neurônios do corno ventral da medula espinhal, no segmento caudal à lesão para os animais controles. O treinamento na esteira potencializou a recuperação funcional e parece ter facilitado a reorganização do córtex sensório-motor após a lesão. Esses resultados podem servir de base para futuras aplicações clínicas em pacientes lesados medulares / Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a devastating condition, which leads to motor and sensory deficits that impair the injured person functional performance. Spinal cord injury experimental models are used in sensory-motor functioning and reorganization or plasticity promoted by trainings investigation. Thus, these studies can corroborate with current and future clinical approaches. This work aims to verify the functional recovery and the sensorimotor cortical reorganization dynamics in Wistar rats with spinal cord injury submitted to motor training. 17 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: trained (n = 6), control (n = 7) and sham (n = 4). All animals received a 32 microelectrodes array in the sensorimotor cortex. Control and trained animals were submitted to contusive SCI and the sham group only to the surgical procedure without the contusion. Motor behavior, neuropathic pain (allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia), thermal pain and electrophysiological assessments were accomplished before SCI and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, 42nd, 49th and 56th post-operative days (POd). The trained group performed the motor training on a treadmill with controlled speed, starting on the 5th post-operative day and it was done for 15 minutes, five times per week till the end of the experiment. The other two groups did not receive any training. Soon after SCI the animals completely lost the hindlimbs movements. On the 57th POd, the animals were sacrificed and the spinal cords and brains were collected for histological analysis. Results showed significant motor improvement of the trained group. In the end of the experiment, these animals were able to perform consistent coordinated plantar steps on their own. Both injured groups showed allodynia after the SCI, but only the control group presented increased mechanical pain. Electrophysiological data revealed sensorimotor cortical activity changes on the 1st POd and over time. It was indentified that an increase in beta power contributed to the trained group motor improvement and that an increase in delta power contributed to the limited motor recovery of the control group. In the histological analysis the groups did not differ concerning the lesion size, but a significant spinal cord ventral horn neurons decrease in the lesion caudal segment compared to the controlled animals was identified. The treadmill training enhanced functional recovery and seemed to facilitate sensorimotor reorganization after injury. These results can be applied for future clinical interventions in spinal cord injured patients. Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a devastating condition, which leads to motor and sensory deficits that impair the injured person functional performance. Spinal cord injury experimental models are used in sensory-motor functioning and reorganization or plasticity promoted by trainings investigation. Thus, these studies can corroborate with current and future clinical approaches. This work aims to verify the functional recovery and the sensorimotor cortical reorganization dynamics in Wistar rats with spinal cord injury submitted to motor training. 17 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: trained (n = 6), control (n = 7) and sham (n = 4). All animals received a 32 microelectrodes array in the sensorimotor cortex. Control and trained animals were submitted to contusive SCI and the sham group only to the surgical procedure without the contusion. Motor behavior, neuropathic pain (allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia), thermal pain and electrophysiological assessments were accomplished before SCI and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, 42nd, 49th and 56th post-operative days (POd). The trained group performed the motor training on a treadmill with controlled speed, starting on the 5th post-operative day and it was done for 15 minutes, five times per week till the end of the experiment. The other two groups did not receive any training. Soon after SCI the animals completely lost the hindlimbs movements. On the 57th POd, the animals were sacrificed and the spinal cords and brains were collected for histological analysis. Results showed significant motor improvement of the trained group. In the end of the experiment, these animals were able to perform consistent coordinated plantar steps on their own. Both injured groups showed allodynia after the SCI, but only the control group presented increased mechanical pain. Electrophysiological data revealed sensorimotor cortical activity changes on the 1st POd and over time. It was indentified that an increase in beta power contributed to the trained group motor improvement and that an increase in delta power contributed to the limited motor recovery of the control group. In the histological analysis the groups did not differ concerning the lesion size, but a significant spinal cord ventral horn neurons decrease in the lesion caudal segment compared to the controlled animals was identified. The treadmill training enhanced functional recovery and seemed to facilitate sensorimotor reorganization after injury. These results can be applied for future clinical interventions in spinal cord injured patients

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 resumo ANAMARIA.pdf: 111799 bytes, checksum: 1fd65c3285e10d1c7098ccfa70716c7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Background. Training aimed at restoring and / or improving motor impairments after a spinal cord injury have shown importance in the neurofunctional rehabilitation process, as well as the relationship with biochemical markers involved in neuroplasticity. Objective. verify the effects of two training protocols in sensorimotor recovery and neural plasticity in an experimental model of incomplete LME Methods: 32 adult Wistar rats divided into four groups: Sham, NT, BCT and GT, subject to weekly reviews of locomotor and sensory-motor recovery of the hind limbs. Brain structures and lumbar spinal cord were dissected and processed for biochemical analysis quantification of the expression of BDNF, MAP-2 and Synaptophysin. Results: In the motor cortex, for synaptophysin the NT showed lower rates compared to the sham group. The BCT showed higher rates compared to the GT and NT group. For MAP-2 NT showed lower rates compared to the sham group and BCT showed higher rates compared to the NT group. For BDNF, BCT and GT groups showed higher rates compared to the NT and SHAM group. In the cerebellum for synaptophysin GT group showed higher rates compared to the NT and SHAM group, BCT showed higher rates compared to the NT. For MAP-2 the BCT group showed higher rates compared to the NT. In the SC, for synaptophysin the NT, BCT and GT showed lower rates compared to the sham group.Conclusions. Gait training played key role in sensory-motor recovery of the hind limbs. And both training modulate synaptic and structural proteins, playing an important role in exercise dependent plasticity after experimental spinal cord injury. / O treinamento motor tem sido utilizado para restabelecer e/ou melhorar deficiências após uma lesão medular e têm mostrado importância no processo de reabilitação neurofuncional, bem como a sua relação com os marcadores bioquímicos envolvidos na neuroplasticidade. Objetivo: verificar os efeitos de dois protocolos de treinamento na recuperação funcional e plasticidade neural em um modelo lesão medular incompleta. Métodos: 32 ratas Wistar adultos divididos em quatro grupos: Controle da lesão (Sham), Não-treinado (NT), Balance and coordenation trainning (BCT) e o grupo gait trainning (GT), sujeitos a avaliações semanais de recuperação locomotora e coordenação sensório-motora dos membros posteriores. O córtex motor, cerebelo e medula espinal lombar foram dissecados e processados para análise da quantificação bioquímica da expressão do BDNF, MAP-2 e sinaptofisina. Resultados: No córtex motor, para sinaptofisina o NT mostrou valores menores em comparação com o grupo Sham. O BCT mostraram níveis mais elevadas em comparação com o grupo GT e NT. Para MAP-2, NT mostrou menores níveis em comparação com o grupo Sham e BCT mostraram níveis mais elevados em comparação com o grupo NT. Para BDNF, grupos BCT e GT mostraram maiores níveis em comparação ao grupo SHAM e NT. No cerebelo para sinaptofisina, o grupo GT mostrou maiores níveis em comparação com o grupo NT e SHAM, BCT mostrou taxas mais elevadas em comparação com o NT. Para MAP-2 do grupo BCT mostraram taxas mais elevadas em comparação com o NT. Na medula, para sinaptofisina o NT, BCT e GT mostraram menores em comparação com os grupo Sham. Conclusão: Treino de marcha exerceu papel fundamental na recuperação sensório-motora dos membros posteriores. E ambos os treinamentos modularam a expressão de proteínas sinápticas e estruturais, desempenhando um importante papel na plasticidade exercício-dependente após lesão medular experimental.

A lesão medular (LM) promove uma condição devastadora que resulta em déficits sensorial e motor, impedindo o desempenho funcional do indivíduo. Modelos experimentais de lesão medular têm sido utilizados na investigação do funcionamento do sistema sensório-motor e da reorganização promovida por meio de tratamentos, podendo corroborar com aplicações clínicas atuais e futuras. Este trabalho tem como objetivos verificar a recuperação funcional e a dinâmica da reorganização cortical do sistema sensório-motor de ratos Wistar lesados medulares submetidos a treinamento motor. 17 ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos: treinado (n = 6), controle (n = 7) e sham (n = 4). Todos os animais receberam um implante de matriz de 32 micro-elétrodos no córtex sensório-motor. Os animais do grupo treinado e controle foram submetidos à LM contusa e os do grupo sham somente ao procedimento cirúrgico sem a LM. Foram realizadas as avaliações comportamentais motoras, de dor neuropática (alodínea e hiperalgesia mecânica), de dor térmica e eletrofisiológica antes da LM e nos 1º, 3º, 5º, 7º, 14º, 21º, 28º, 35º, 42º, 49º e 56º dias pós-operatórios (dPO) da lesão. O grupo treinado realizou treinamento motor em uma esteira com velocidade controlada, tendo início no 5º dPO e foi realizado por 15 minutos, cinco vezes na semana até o final do experimento. Os outros dois grupos ficaram sem treinamento. No 57º dPO, os animais foram sacrificados, e as medulas espinhais e os encéfalos foram coletados para análise histológica. Os resultados mostraram melhora motora significativa do grupo treinado em relação ao controle. Ao final do experimento, os animais treinados foram capazes de realizar passos plantares coordenados consistentes de forma independente. Ambos os grupos lesados apresentaram alodínea após a LM, mas somente o controle apresentou aumento da dor mecânica. Os dados eletrofisiológicos revelaram alterações na atividade cortical sensório-motora no 1º dPO e ao longo do tempo. Foi identificado que o aumento da potência da banda beta contribuiu para a melhora motora do grupo treinado e o aumento da potência delta contribuiu para a recuperação motora limitada do grupo controle. Na análise histológica os grupos não diferiram em relação ao tamanho da lesão, mas foi identificada uma diminuição significativa dos neurônios do corno ventral da medula espinhal, no segmento caudal à lesão para os animais controles. O treinamento na esteira potencializou a recuperação funcional e parece ter facilitado a reorganização do córtex sensório-motor após a lesão. Esses resultados podem servir de base para futuras aplicações clínicas em pacientes lesados medulares / Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a devastating condition, which leads to motor and sensory deficits that impair the injured person functional performance. Spinal cord injury experimental models are used in sensory-motor functioning and reorganization or plasticity promoted by trainings investigation. Thus, these studies can corroborate with current and future clinical approaches. This work aims to verify the functional recovery and the sensorimotor cortical reorganization dynamics in Wistar rats with spinal cord injury submitted to motor training. 17 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: trained (n = 6), control (n = 7) and sham (n = 4). All animals received a 32 microelectrodes array in the sensorimotor cortex. Control and trained animals were submitted to contusive SCI and the sham group only to the surgical procedure without the contusion. Motor behavior, neuropathic pain (allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia), thermal pain and electrophysiological assessments were accomplished before SCI and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, 42nd, 49th and 56th post-operative days (POd). The trained group performed the motor training on a treadmill with controlled speed, starting on the 5th post-operative day and it was done for 15 minutes, five times per week till the end of the experiment. The other two groups did not receive any training. Soon after SCI the animals completely lost the hindlimbs movements. On the 57th POd, the animals were sacrificed and the spinal cords and brains were collected for histological analysis. Results showed significant motor improvement of the trained group. In the end of the experiment, these animals were able to perform consistent coordinated plantar steps on their own. Both injured groups showed allodynia after the SCI, but only the control group presented increased mechanical pain. Electrophysiological data revealed sensorimotor cortical activity changes on the 1st POd and over time. It was indentified that an increase in beta power contributed to the trained group motor improvement and that an increase in delta power contributed to the limited motor recovery of the control group. In the histological analysis the groups did not differ concerning the lesion size, but a significant spinal cord ventral horn neurons decrease in the lesion caudal segment compared to the controlled animals was identified. The treadmill training enhanced functional recovery and seemed to facilitate sensorimotor reorganization after injury. These results can be applied for future clinical interventions in spinal cord injured patients. Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a devastating condition, which leads to motor and sensory deficits that impair the injured person functional performance. Spinal cord injury experimental models are used in sensory-motor functioning and reorganization or plasticity promoted by trainings investigation. Thus, these studies can corroborate with current and future clinical approaches. This work aims to verify the functional recovery and the sensorimotor cortical reorganization dynamics in Wistar rats with spinal cord injury submitted to motor training. 17 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: trained (n = 6), control (n = 7) and sham (n = 4). All animals received a 32 microelectrodes array in the sensorimotor cortex. Control and trained animals were submitted to contusive SCI and the sham group only to the surgical procedure without the contusion. Motor behavior, neuropathic pain (allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia), thermal pain and electrophysiological assessments were accomplished before SCI and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, 42nd, 49th and 56th post-operative days (POd). The trained group performed the motor training on a treadmill with controlled speed, starting on the 5th post-operative day and it was done for 15 minutes, five times per week till the end of the experiment. The other two groups did not receive any training. Soon after SCI the animals completely lost the hindlimbs movements. On the 57th POd, the animals were sacrificed and the spinal cords and brains were collected for histological analysis. Results showed significant motor improvement of the trained group. In the end of the experiment, these animals were able to perform consistent coordinated plantar steps on their own. Both injured groups showed allodynia after the SCI, but only the control group presented increased mechanical pain. Electrophysiological data revealed sensorimotor cortical activity changes on the 1st POd and over time. It was indentified that an increase in beta power contributed to the trained group motor improvement and that an increase in delta power contributed to the limited motor recovery of the control group. In the histological analysis the groups did not differ concerning the lesion size, but a significant spinal cord ventral horn neurons decrease in the lesion caudal segment compared to the controlled animals was identified. The treadmill training enhanced functional recovery and seemed to facilitate sensorimotor reorganization after injury. These results can be applied for future clinical interventions in spinal cord injured patients