Thesis (Ph. D.)--McMaster University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--McMaster University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

M. Phil. / Referees are important role-players in soccer matches. The physical fitness of referees may influence their optimal positioning throughout the game. Limited research has been conducted on soccer referees, with most of the previous research focusing on the primary referee. The research conducted has shown differences in demands and fitness levels of referees officiating in different leagues. To date no research has been conducted on African referees. The primary aim of this study was to investigate and compare the physiological profiles of South African soccer referees. The secondary aim of the study was to investigate and compare match demands placed on South African soccer referees.

No description available.

Referees have a job to ensure a safe and fair playing environment. The purpose of this study was to quantify on-ice intensities (heart rate) and on-ice movements (forward or backwards skating or stationary) of referees during ice hockey games. 15 HC referees had their heart rates monitored and skating video taped throughout a 60 minute game. A treadmill run test was used to identify their peak heart rates and VO2. The dominant on-ice activity was forward skating followed by stationary then backwards skating. On average referees worked at 80% of their peak heart rate. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between period average heart rates and peak heart rates. The results suggest that referees generally work at an aerobic intensity with numerous anaerobic bursts interspersed throughout play. Knowledge about the intensity, frequency and amount of skating that occurs in each direction will help with the development of the athletic ability of referees.

Thesis (M.Com.(Human Resource Management))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. A.)--Brock University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

This study examines how identity processes affect role exit. I test a model of role exit that situates the identity processes of cognitive processes (reflected appraisals and social comparisons), rewards and costs related to the role, commitment to the role, and identity centrality as mediating factors between role-set and social characteristic background factors, and role exit. Using a sample of 940 current and former soccer referees in Virginia and the District of Columbia, the results show that several role-set background factors and social characteristics affect role exit. However, identity processes explain some of the effect that the background factors have on role exit. The results have implications for identity theory and role exit theory and for helping referee organizations understand why referees quit. / Ph. D.

Thesis (M.S.)-- Springfield College, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.