Würzburg, Univ., Diss., 2009.

Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2007

Freie Univ., Diss--Berlin, 2007.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of science. It examines the benefits of science to the economy and society. It deals with the methods that are used for evaluation of science and examines their advantages and disadvantages. It uses macroeconomic indicators to evaluate science in the Czech Republic. It also discusses the reform that took place in the Czech Republic in the research and development and evaluation of science is one part of the reform. The thesis examines the benefits and shortcomings of the reform, including the impact of the reform on government expenditures on R&D. The final part examines the potential impact of the reform on the future work of the Archaeological Institute of the Academy of Sciences in Prague.

Leder hårdare straff till färre brott? Det sambandet ämnar vi undersöka i denna uppsats. För att att göra det analyserar vi 2010 års straffmätningsreform som förlängde straffen för allvarliga våldsbrott. Reformen påverkade vissa brott men inte alla, vilket vi utnyttjar som ett naturligt experiment i en difference-indifferencesansats. De brottstyper som påverkades används som behandlingsgrupp, medan de som inte påverkades används som jämförelsegrupp. Därefter tolkas skillnaden i förändring hos de båda gruppernas brottsfrekvenser ut. När hela efterperioden analyseras finner vi ingen statistiskt signifikant effekt. Analyseras varje år i efterperioden för sig finner vi en negativ och statistiskt signifikant effekt på 14,9 % av reformen året efter den trädde i kraft (2011). / Do longer prison sentences lead to fewer committed crimes? This paper pursues to evaluate this causation through a difference-in-differences analysis. In 2010, there was a reform in Sweden that meant to make prison sentences longer for some crimes. The fact that the reform affected some crimes but not others is exploited as a natural experiment. We use the types of crime that were affected by the reform as a treatment group and the types of crime that were not affected as a control group. Then we assess the difference in frequency change of the two groups of crimes after the reform took effect. When the whole post reform period is analyzed, we find no statistically significant effects. When the effect is isolated one year after the reform was implemented (2011) we find a statistically significant effect of 14.9 %. There is no statistically significant result when the reform is isolated for 2012 and 2013.