Es presenten diferents reaccions de síntesi química, en les quals participa el glicerol com a reactiu, moltes d'elles amb rendiments elevats i bons percentatges de conversió. Un aspecte rellevant d'aquestes reaccions és l'obtenció de compostos o precursors sintètics de substàncies d'alt valor afegit.Així, a partir de la síntesi d'esters de dicloropropil, usant glicerol i clorotrimetilsilà com a font de clor o amb clorur d'alumini usant un líquid iònic, s'han sintetitzat esters d'al·lil, alguns d'ells amb efecte ovicida en insectes. Un dels esters de dicloropropil sintetitzat a partir d'un àcid versàtic ha estat la referència per a la preparació d'esters dessimetritzats usant iodur, hidroxils o imidazoles com a nucleòfils.Amb la finalitat de fer les reaccions més sostenibles, s'han usat reactius provinents de subproductes industrials, tant del sector d'olis i greixos, com de la indústria del biodiesel.S'han emprat noves tècniques en síntesi orgànica, com els líquids iònics i les microones. L'ús de microreactors en una de les reaccions ha demostrat ser efectiu per a disminuir el temps de reacció, la qual cosa hauria de facilitar el seu escalat / Se presentan diferentes reacciones de síntesis química en las cuales participa el glicerol como reactivo. La mayoría de ellas presentan altos rendimientos y buenos porcentajes de conversión. Un aspecto relevante de estas reacciones es la obtención mediante síntesis química de compuestos o precursores sintéticos de sustancias de alto valor añadido.Así, a partir de la síntesis de ésteres de dicloropropilo, usando glicerol y clorotrimetilsilano como fuente de cloro, o con cloruro de aluminio usando un líquido iónico, se han sintetizado ésteres de alilo, algunos de ellos con efecto ovicida. Una de los ésteres de dicloropropilo obtenido a partir de un ácido versático se ha usado como referencia para la preparación de ésteres desimetrizados usando ioduro, hidroxilo o imidazole como nucleófilos.Con la finalidad de aumentar la sostenibilidad, se han usado reactivos procedentes de subproductos industriales, tanto del sector de aceites y grasas, como de la industria del biodiesel.Las nuevas tecnologías, como los líquidos iónicos y las microondas, también han sido aplicadas en algunas de las reacciones estudiadas. Por otra parte, el uso de microreactores ha permitido mejorar el tiempo de reacción de uno de los procesos estudiados, hecho que debería facilitar su escalado. / Different synthetic reactions are shown, where glycerol is used as a starting material. High yields and conversions are reported in many of the described reactions. One relevant aspect is that compounds or synthetic precursors with high added value can be obtained.Thus, starting from dichloropropyl esters, allyl esters can be obtained, some of them with ovicidal effects. These esters can be synthesised using glycerol and either chlorotrimetylsilane or aluminium chloride as chlorine source. In the later case an ionic liquid is needed. A versatic dichloropropyl ester has been the reference to prepare desymmetrized esters using iodine, hydroxy ion or imidazole derivatives as nucleophilic groups.With the aim to develop sustainable reactions, industrial byproducts from the vegetable oil and fat industries, and from the biodiesel industries have been used as reagents.New technologies, such as ionic liquids and microwaves have also been applied. A continuous process using a microreactor has been developed, which could allow the corresponding reaction to be scaled.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19316号 / 工博第4113号 / 新制||工||1634(附属図書館) / 32318 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 今堀 博, 教授 関 修平, 教授 梶 弘典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>  </p> <p>Organic synthesis is the application of one or more reactions to the preparation of a particular target molecule, and can pertain to a single-step transformation or to a number of sequential chemical steps depicted by a scheme overall. The selection of a reaction or series of reactions while considering chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities in addition to protecting group strategies & redox manipulations highlights the complexity in designing & executing a synthetic plan while making a judgement about what is the most effective and efficient plan to synthesize any given chemical compound among numerous available options. To this end, chemical synthesis is the unifying theme of this thesis & was utilized and strategically applied to construct increasingly complex and diverse molecular architectures. </p> <p>Being the precise science that organic chemistry is, this discipline extends into many areas such as technology, biology & medicine, and even into the fine arts since it fosters unparalleled creativity and imagination in its practice. Research foci in chemical synthesis can encompass both the discovery and development of powerful reactions and the invention of strategies for the construction of defined target molecules, natural or man-made, more or less complex. Studies in the former area, synthetic methodology, fuel and enable studies in the latter area, target molecule and total synthesis campaigns, where the latter area offers a testing ground for the former. Consequently, the bulk of this research work is in organic methodology and will be covered in greater depth during chapters 2 and 3 where strategies, optimizations, & analyses are elaborated upon in light of searching & navigating the vast body of chemical literature in an effort to broaden and strengthen one's laboratory expertise as a synthetic chemist. Lastly, chapter 4 focuses not on traditional synthesis but on organic structure analysis relying on various techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) and/or X-ray crystallography to hypothesize and confirm established structures, specifically phenolic oligomers. An ability to use spectroscopic data to evaluate organic structures by combining practical experience with fundamental knowledge will serve as a hallmark skill in one’s ability to problem-solve as an organic chemist.</p>