Despite a wide assortment of problems that cover a broad range of topics, from questions and doubts about its theoretical underpinnings, to a host of application difficulties, economic base analysis still figures prominently in the geographic literature. This thesis uses the Arizona Community Data Set to examine two important issues that remain unresolved or inadequately addressed in the literature. The results presented support Tiebout's hypothesis that the Keynesian macroeconomic approach, emphasizing the role of all the sectors in an economy produces more reliable multipliers estimates than Hoyt's traditional approach. Additionally, it is shown that, through disaggregation, it is possible to use the relationships between sectoral basic and nonbasic employment to produce multipliers that resemble those obtained through input-output analysis. Overall the results suggest that with the use of reliable survey data the economic base concept can still produce valuable information on the effects of an impact in a small community.

Tourism is an economic alternative to revitalise Turkey's economy. However, without good planning, it can turn out to be a big damage on natural resources of an area. Yumurtalik is a study area of this thesis. Yumurtalik is a small town (population, 3970) located on the east Mediterranean coast 74 kilometre from the fourth biggest city, Adana, of Turkey. Tourism is in beginning stage in the town, though possible boom is expected because of town's natural, historic resources and availability to all budget types. Review of literature on tourism, coastal and historic planning and our surveys indicate that integrated form of tourism that respect local landscapes as well as local culture and heritage is the most appealing way to benefit from tourism for Yumurtalik. National scale tourism is suggested. Revitalisation of Old Town and creating new attractions are proposed along with preserving natural open space along the coast.

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Movement between spaces ordinarily creates an in-between place in space, a place which is neither the precise place of departure nor the precise place of arrival, but is related to both. This generates another re- ality, a short-lived, momentary transitional place. Every day people travel great distances from one edge of the city to another by means of public transportation. We move through spaces such as airports, train and bus stations which exist as purely transitional spaces, and ironically many of these environments have certain emptiness about them even though there is a large convergence of people that come through these spaces on a daily basis. This thesis presents an architectural proposal that addresses the issues of transitional locations, by identifying the architectural possibilities within a liminal context. I investigate how architecture and infrastructure can be integrated by allowing for programmatic hybridization in a South African urban context of the Johannesburg inner city. I propose a multimodal transit station where different modes of public transport intersect. The site is the existing Westgate station in the south western corner of the inner city of Johannesburg. The objectives of the building are to facilitate the functional aims of a multimodal transit station, to establish the station as a destination and to enable connection and exchange between different people. These are achieved by upgrading the existing public transport facilities and introducing educational, commercial, and recreational functions This architectural exploration aims to enrich public life in transitional spac- es of urban settings. Many of the challenges associated with the typolo- gy of transit, including the sense of void and isolation that comes with mobility nodes that act as merely a transit zone, are addressed through the integration of mixed programmes that will enhance public space and create opportunity to linger. The aim is to provide an attractive and lively pedestrian environment starting at the transit station to make the experi- ence of arrival and being in the area a satisfying one.

This study tests the effects of the opportunity structure and socialization for family formation on the occupational attainment process of women in Jamaica. It shows that, the opportunity structure and socialization for family formation exert independent effects on occupational goals. However, with the exception of the net effect of type of secondary school, the effects of the opportunity structure and socialization for family formation vary with family structure. Similarly, with few exceptions, the effects of the opportunity structure on family formation also vary with family structure. / Using data from a survey of young women ages 13 to 17 and LISREL VII, a recursive linear structural model of occupational expectations is estimated. The results show that the direct effects of household size, type of secondary school and changes in the level of unemployment on occupational goals operate only in households headed by fathers. The effect of mother's education is indirect and operates only where households are headed by fathers. Where households are headed by mothers or other relatives, that is, where fathers are not present, the effects of the opportunity structure on occupational goals are indirect. / The direct effects of young women's family formation goals, specifically, the age at which they expect to have their first child and type of conjugal union, on their occupational goals are also a function of family structure. Where fathers are heads of households there is a direct link between occupational goals and the expected age at entry into motherhood. Where mothers or other relatives are heads of households, there is a direct link between occupational goals and expecting to live in married unions. / Finally, the effects of the opportunity structure on family formation goals also vary with family structure. / I recommend that policies to address family structure and community development become components of Jamaica's development plans and, that existing policies that address the structure of secondary education be enhanced. Policy makers can effect changes in goals and, ultimately in attainment and behavior, by effecting changes in major societal institutions and in community development. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-03, Section: A, page: 1123. / Major Professor: David F. Sly. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

The purpose of this exploratory study is to empirically test the assumptions of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) on the crime of burglary. Prior burglary studies suggest that the physical environment does impact on crime rates. This work examines commercial as well as residential burglary, using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. It then takes the research one step further by dividing residential burglaries into the categories of single-family, duplex, and multifamily units. / Thirty-four independent variables were collected and empirically tested using logistic regression. The resulting data was also checked for interactions among the independent variables, something no other study has done. / A major finding of this research is that mixed land-use contributes to the risk of burglary. This finding was found in all four of the equations. Accessibility was also discovered to be significant in several models. Accessibility, as a category, examined pedestrian and automobile traffic, types of front doors, and whether the windows were obstructed. The last category supported prior studies indicating that obstructed windows increase the risk of crime. Results of this research failed to find that automobile traffic played any part in predicting crime. / Based on the findings of this work, several policy implications are presented, and several avenues of future research are discussed. The original purpose of this study was to test CPTED, and it is this author's contention that the research supports the theory. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-04, Section: A, page: 1536. / Major Professor: C. Ray Jeffery. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1995.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The thesis focuses on the demand side of the labour market in conjecturing that 'the degree of attractiveness' of industry and firms to high-skilled workers could be an important determinant of regional labour market mismatch. Using data from the unexplored Employers Skills Survey, a dichotomous mismatch index based on skill-shortage vacancies is modelled as a function of firm and industry-level characteristics. Oacaxa-Blinder (OB) type decompositions are implemented to investigate the extent to which the predictors affect mismatch differently in England and Scotland. Two exploratory extensions are considered: (i) the inclusion of the Pareto shape parameter of an industry's firm size distribution, as an index of industry-level (average) productivity; (ii) a control for whether a firm is part of a multi-site organisation, believed as indicative of a firm export-status. UK level mismatch appears to be negatively correlated with both firm size and skill intensity. This is consistent with both a wide body of empirical evidence and an emerging two-sided heterogeneity theoretical literature showing that more productive firms are larger and tend to attract better workers. We also find a negative relationship between both the Pareto shape parameter and the multi-plant control, and firmlevel mismatch. At a regional level the key determinants seem to lose predictive power in Scotland where only the multi-site control retains statistical significance. To our knowledge, no study for the UK has to date ever: (i) used the same mismatch measure; (ii) adopted firm and industry-level characteristics as predictors of skill mismatch; (iii) decomposed skill mismatch using OB procedures. From a policy perspective, our findings suggest that addressing skill mismatch requires complementing policies targeting skill acquisition with interventions aimed at enhancing firms' and clusters' attractiveness to high skill workers. Migration, international trade openness and skill mismatch are in fact intrinsically intertwined and central to Scotland's post-Brexit future.

This study examines how a shuttle system can meet transportation needs in Pittsburg. A circulator shuttle connecting major commercial nodes, public facilities, and residential locations, can increase travel options and improve accessibility to key locations. A review of best practices and transit planning standards provides a means to determine the cost of a shuttle service. The base costs of service are then applied to three alternatives for different shuttle route alignments: 1) a north-south route along Railroad Avenue only, 2) a north-south route along Railroad Avenue and an east-west route to Century Plaza, and 3) a north-south route along Railroad Avenue and an east-west route to Century Plaza that also links to Los Medanos College. Each alternative presents the basic system characteristics, which include travel time between proposed stops; the difference in shuttle and automobile travel times; ridership along each route; and cost evaluation of service. Alternatives are evaluated based on comparisons of benefits and costs they can produce in the current environment. Alternative 3 provides the greatest coverage, has the largest potential ridership, and provides access to other major destinations in the eastern half of the city. This should be the ultimate vision for the shuttle service. However, fiscal uncertainties at the moment suggest that it is prudent to select the least expensive alternative, Alternative 1, and slowly branch out the system over time. This would create opportunities for the shuttle system to expand with the future growth of central Pittsburg.

Using a mixed-method qualitative approach this dissertation examines citizen participation in urban planning in Colon, Panama from three different perspectives: long-standing, conventional institutional mechanisms for citizen participation; new 'bottom-up' efforts by emergent grassroots organizations; and 'top-down' expert-driven, 'participatory' projects devised by international development organizations and the Panamanian state. In so doing, this dissertation argues three main points. First, participation cannot be adequately assessed using the 'best-practices' models as benchmarks, as understanding participation requires a deeper analysis. 'Not-so-perfect' cases here highlight the processes of negotiation that shapes the ecology of actors involved in the participatory process. This is particularly important for the case of Colon where participation is still working under a dominant political system that has yet to reform institutional mechanisms for participation. Second, participation is complex, both token act and an effective avenue for citizens to have a voice in deciding the future of their cities, especially in practical ways, such as improving housing and access to job availability. Finally, economic globalization can partly explain participation in urban planning, yet it is still unclear if it actually changes the way in which people organize. The case of Colon demonstrates the need for a new, more dynamic, and flexible model for participation, reflecting processes that may well be occurring in many similarly smaller, less influential cities. Far from being simply co-opting, or admirably collaborative, this dissertation reveals how city planning is many things at once / acase@tulane.edu