This study was concerned with the differences of three surfaces (dirt, asphalt, or wood) on the performance of girls in the shuttle run.

First proposed in the late 1990's, a nanomechanical electron shuttle is a device where an electrically isolated island moves a definite number of electrons between two leads, producing a current that is directly related to the number of electrons moved in a cycle and to the vibration frequency of the island. Since nanomechanical structures can have very well defined vibration frequencies, a device of this type is useful as, among other things, a current standard for metrology. The experimental shuttle implementations to date have had large island-lead spacings, which has limited their performance. The work presented here takes the first steps towards the fabrication of a nanomechanical electron shuttle using the process of electromigration to define very small lead-island gaps with conductivity on the order of the conductance quantum G_0=2e^2/h. These small gaps, coupled with the high vibration frequencies achievable with nanostructures, will allow investigation deeper into the realm of quantum effects. In this work, the fabrication steps for the creation of these devices were developed. Electromigration of a single junction was successfully achieved to the 10--100\,k\ohm range. The simultaneous and symmetric electromigration of two junctions, as required for the shuttle, has not yet been achieved. The development of a fast electromigration cut-off circuit, however, gives hope that double-breaking success will be achieved soon. / Thesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2010-01-28 23:01:15.735

This study examines how a shuttle system can meet transportation needs in Pittsburg. A circulator shuttle connecting major commercial nodes, public facilities, and residential locations, can increase travel options and improve accessibility to key locations. A review of best practices and transit planning standards provides a means to determine the cost of a shuttle service. The base costs of service are then applied to three alternatives for different shuttle route alignments: 1) a north-south route along Railroad Avenue only, 2) a north-south route along Railroad Avenue and an east-west route to Century Plaza, and 3) a north-south route along Railroad Avenue and an east-west route to Century Plaza that also links to Los Medanos College. Each alternative presents the basic system characteristics, which include travel time between proposed stops; the difference in shuttle and automobile travel times; ridership along each route; and cost evaluation of service. Alternatives are evaluated based on comparisons of benefits and costs they can produce in the current environment. Alternative 3 provides the greatest coverage, has the largest potential ridership, and provides access to other major destinations in the eastern half of the city. This should be the ultimate vision for the shuttle service. However, fiscal uncertainties at the moment suggest that it is prudent to select the least expensive alternative, Alternative 1, and slowly branch out the system over time. This would create opportunities for the shuttle system to expand with the future growth of central Pittsburg.

No description available.

Lake (Coregonus clupeaformis) and round (Prosopium cylindraceum) whitefish are two species of cold-adapted freshwater fish that spawn in shallow (<10m) cobble beds in the Laurentian great lakes. Developing whitefish embryos are potentially exposed to various anthropogenic sources of warming, including climate change and thermal effluents discharged in the nearshore environment. Several studies have investigated the effects of elevated incubation temperatures on whitefish embryos (particularly lake whitefish) but little work has been done to examine post-hatch effects. Thermal preferenda (temperature preference) describe the range of temperatures an organism will occupy when given a choice and are traditionally thought to be species-specific. Temperature preference can be modulated by a variety of abiotic and biotic factors including environmental temperature and is typically correlated with optimal growth temperature for a species. Assays for thermal preferenda require at least 24 hours, which includes a long tank-acclimation period that limits throughput and thus impacts replication in the study. A shuttle box thermal preference assay was optimized from 24-hours to 4-hours; length of acclimation time and trial length had no significant impact on thermal preference. Whitefish were incubated at natural and elevated temperatures until hatching; all groups were moved to common garden conditions (15°C) during the post-hatching stage. Temperature preference was determined at 12 months of age; lake whitefish were also tested at 8 months. Round whitefish displayed a significant decrease in temperature preference when incubated at 2°C and 6°C compared to 0.5°C. Lake whitefish had similar temperature preferences regardless of age and incubation temperature. This suggests that there is a difference in thermal tolerance between these species, as round whitefish were more sensitive to elevated incubation treatments. This thesis identified a persistent effect of elevated incubation treatments on the thermal preference of juvenile round whitefish, lasting up to 12 months post-hatch, which highlights the importance of examining sub-lethal thermal effects and thermal plasticity of cold-adapted species. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Lake and round whitefish are cold-adapted freshwater species that spawn in shallow coastal water in the Laurentian great lakes. Anthropogenic warming from various sources (e.g. climate change, thermal effluent) has been shown to reduce survival of whitefish embryos, but few studies have investigated the effects of elevated embryonic incubation temperatures on surviving juveniles. Fish typically prefer a small range of temperatures (temperature preference) that they will occupy if given a choice, which can be affected by a variety of factors including early life thermal exposure. This thesis shows round whitefish incubated at elevated temperatures (2°C, 6°C) display decreased temperature preference up to 12 months post-hatch, while lake whitefish had similar temperature preference regardless of incubation temperature. Therefore, this thesis provides more evidence that round whitefish are a more thermally sensitive species.

What can we learn from comparing similar technologies that were designed and built in different countries or cultures? Technical products depend upon both technical and non-technical goals as socio-cultural factors determine which projects get funded and how they are conceived, designed, and built. These qualitative socio-cultural factors mean that there is almost always more than one possible design solution for a particular problem. By comparing how two major space projects were conceptualized and designed in the United States and Soviet Union, this case study aims to illuminate more broadly how political and cultural factors can influence the selection of technical designs, as well as the general conduct of engineering and science, in the space sector. / Master of Science

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-07-19T17:49:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Gomes de Sousa.pdf: 938639 bytes, checksum: 60ae02f298c21e9935dfa190fc6ea44b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T17:49:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Gomes de Sousa.pdf: 938639 bytes, checksum: 60ae02f298c21e9935dfa190fc6ea44b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Ergospirometric test, gold standard evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness, is not an economically accessible and easy to apply test, especially for patients with Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) sequelae. Thus, field tests such as the Shuttle Walk Test Incremental (SWTI) may be another option for evaluation of cardiorespiratory function. Objective: compare the ventilatory, metabolic and cardiovascular responses obtained by the SWT and ergospirometric test, in hemiparetics due to stroke. Secondary objective was compared with the results of the ventilation evaluations with mild, moderate, marked and severe motor impairment of hemiparetic patients. Methodology: transversal study, with 20 hemiparetic subjects, motor impairment (05 mild, 04 moderate, 05 severe, 06 severe), 58 ± 10 years old, 08 women and 12 men. The VO2maximum (VO2), ventilatory (VE), desaturation, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), during the SWTI and ergospirometry, were evaluated in two days, 48h interval. Results: SpO2 was similar (97 [96-98]; 97 [94-97]) respectively in SWT and ergospirometry. VO2Pico metabolic variables (18 ± 4, 24 ± 4), cardiac FCPic (101 ± 17, 115 ± 15), systolic BP (140 [140-147], 160 [140-160]) and diastolic (2 ± 1, 3 ± 1), fatigue (2 [1-4], 4 [2-6]) and distance traveled (248 ± 154, 409 ± 1) 216). Comparison between groups of motor severity: ergospirometry showed variance in VO2peak and distance traveled between the light and severe group (p <0.05); others did not show significant differences. No SWTI, VO2Pico presented the difference between the moderate and striking groups (p <0.05) and the distance traveled between the light, striking and severe groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: SWTI is not similar to ergospirometry in the hemiparetic population due to stroke. Severe patients have poorer performance in both tests compared to the mild and moderate group, according to a Fugl-Meyer scale. / Teste ergoespirométrico, avaliação padrão ouro da aptidão cardiorrespiratória, não é um teste economicamente acessível e de fácil aplicabilidade, especialmente para pacientes com sequela de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Assim, testes de campo como o Shuttle Walk Test Incremental(SWTI) podem ser outra opção de avaliação da função cardiorrespiratória. Objetivo: Comparar as respostas ventilatórias, metabólicas e cardiovasculares, obtidas pelo SWT e teste ergoespirométrico, em hemiparéticos decorrente de AVC. Objetivo secundário foi comparar os resultados das avaliações ventilatórias com o comprometimento motor leve, moderado, marcante e severo, dos pacientes hemiparéticos. Metodologia: estudo transversal, com 20 indivíduos hemiparéticos, comprometimento motor (05 leves, 04 moderados, 05 marcantes, 06 severos), 58±10 anos, 08 mulheres e 12 homens. Foram avaliados o consumo do VO2máximo(VO2), ventilação(VE), dessaturação, frequência cardíaca(FC) e pressão arterial(PA), durante o SWTI e ergoespirometria, realizados em dois dias, intervalo de 48h. Resultados: SpO2 foi semelhante (97[96-98]; 97[94-97]) respectivamente no SWT e ergoespirometria. Foram diferentes: as variáveis metabólicas VO2Pico (18±4; 24±4), cardíacas FCPico(101±17; 115±15), PA Sistólica(140[140-147]; 160[140-160]) e diastólica(85±6; 90±12), esforço percebido dispnéia (2±1; 3±1), fadiga(2[1-4]; 4[2-6]) e distância percorrida(248±154; 409±216). Comparação entre grupos de gravidade motora: ergoespirometria mostrou variância no VO2pico e distância percorrida entre o grupo leve e severo (p<0,05); demais não mostraram diferenças significativas. No SWTI, o VO2Pico apresentou diferença entre os grupos moderado e marcante(p<0,05) e na distância percorrida entre os grupos leve, marcante e severo(p<0,05). Conclusão: O SWTI não é similar à Ergoespirometria na população hemiparética decorrente de AVC. Os paciente severos tem menor desempenho em ambos os testes em comparação com o grupo leve e moderado, de acordo com a escala de Fugl-Meyer.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper will describe the effort to provide a common telemetry system for the Control Center Complex (CCC) which will process data from both the space shuttle and the space station vehicles. It is being developed for the manned spaceflight program at Johnson Space Center. Space shuttle uses a traditional Inter-Range Instrumentation Group (IRIG) telemetry format and Space Station Freedom utilizes the more recently developed Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standards for packet-based telemetry Although the two telemetry streams are very different in structure, a front end system is being developed which will isolate the differences and provide a common data format to the downstream elements of the control center. Because of this, a CCC workstation could receive and process data from either space station or space shuttle or both using a identical set of workstation program tools. The generic telemetry front end processor, which is called the Consolidated Communications Facility (CCF), will not only provide a cost effective method of processing space shuttle and space station data, but also will position the CCC to support anticipated requirements of' future programs. The development goals for the CCC are to reduce development and sustaining costs. In the CCF project, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment is stressed to allow modular maintenance. In addition, the project has emphasized the development of a automated features in the telemetry stream selection and processing which reduce the amount of operator attention needed. The system has been designed to include robotics in the recording operation and artificial intelligence for detecting faults. This paper will review the concept development for processing telemetry and outline the architecture of the front end CCF project. It will discuss the goals and major influences on the design, and provide a status on the development. Ability of the current COTS marketplace to meet the goals will be discussed. In summation, this paper will describe generic telemetry processing in the context of the CCC being built at Johnson Space Center.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / The space shuttle has been flying for seventeen years and NASA plans to fly it for many more. To meet the requirement of supporting future flights, NASA has undertaken a Shuttle Upgrades Program to improve various shuttle components. The avionics on the solid rocket booster (SRB) is one of the areas being upgraded. To develop avionics hardware, the environments that they are to encounter during flight must be defined to a higher degree of fidelity than is currently available. This paper describes the effort to determine these environments via the use of a commercial off the shelf data acquisition system.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1987 / Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California / During early manned spacecraft operations, the primary role of ground telemetry systems was data display to flight controllers. As manned spaceflights have increased in complexity, greater demands have been placed on flight controllers to simultaneously monitor systems and replan systems operations. This has led to interest in automated telemetry monitoring systems to decrease the workload on flight controllers. The Mission Operations Directorate at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center has developed a five layer model to integrate various monitoring and analysis technologies such as digital filtering, fault detection algorithms, and expert systems. The paper describes the five layer model and explains how it has been used to guide prototyping efforts at Mission Control. Results from some initial expert systems are presented. The paper also describes the integrated prototype currently under development which implements a real time expert system to assist flight controllers in the Mission Control Center in monitoring Space Shuttle communications systems.