A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in the branch of Anaesthesiology Johannesburg, 2017 / Postgraduate education for anaesthesiologists is a complex multifaceted process that balances statutory education requirements, service delivery and the personal circumstances of the registrar. The aim of this study was to describe how anaesthesiology registrars in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Wits experience their training. The experiences of anaesthesiology registrars at a South African University were explored in this descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study through a series of naïve sketches. A naïve sketch was selected as an instrument to elicit the participants' narratives and purposive sampling was employed to select the 41 registrars; in various stages of their training; from whom data were collected. Thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke's six phases was used to analyse the data. Trustworthiness was established using Lincoln and Guba's framework. The participants had a roller coaster experience of learning, where good and bad experiences played a role in becoming a specialist. The struggle for academic achievement was characterised by the lack of protected teaching time and the high clinical workload. In addition, the participants found it challenging balancing their academic and personal lives. Despite the challenges, the registrar journey played a key role in shaping them into specialists. Each of the participants' experienced a challenging but fulfilling journey that equipped them with the skills and confidence to become accomplished specialists. This study demonstrated that there are a number of stressors that affected the participants' journeys. Training could therefore be tailored with this in mind and all aspects of the programme should aim to reduce these stressors as much as possible. / MT2017

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University

This study dealt with college registrars in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The purpose of this study was three-fold: (i) to gather information concerning the personal characteristics, career paths and academic preparation of college registrars, (ii) to identify the types of professional development activities to which these individuals subscribe, and (iii) to determine the professional development needs and preferences of college registrars. A review of the scholarly literature revealed a limited number of studies dealing with college registrars. No Canadian studies were found which dealt with this subject matter. Other related literature was sought out, particularly studies which dealt with the personal characteristics and work histories of other nonacademic post secondary educational administrators. A questionnaire was mailed to all college registrars in British Columbia (N = 18). Seventeen individuals responded. From the information gathered via the questionnaire, several conclusions were drawn and a profile of the average college registrar in British Columbia was developed. This profile identifies the registrar as being a male who is roughly forty-six years of age. He is employed by a comprehensive community college and earns approximately $64,000 annually. He has held this position for close to eight years. This individual has completed an undergraduate degree in the field of science or mathematics although, he believes that there is no "preferred" form of undergraduate education for potential registrars. He has developed an understanding of the computer technologies utilized at his college through "hands-on" experience and is largely self-taught. Prior to becoming a registrar he had worked full-time for twelve years and had held at least two other positions within a college or university. When desire or circumstances necessitate a job change, this person would seek a position such as Dean or Director of Student & Ancillary Services or Vice-President, Student Services and Administration. This individual did not actively pursue the goal of becoming a college registrar. Given that this individual did not intend to become a registrar, it is not surprising to find that his academic preparation was not planned with a view to future work as an administrator in an institution of higher learning. The college registrar enjoys attending workshops, seminars and meetings sponsored by the British Columbia Registrars' Association (BCRA). He is a member of this organization as well as the Association of Registrars of Universities and Colleges of Canada (ARUCC) and, the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO). Several conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made.

This study dealt with college registrars in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The purpose of this study was three-fold: (i) to gather information concerning the personal characteristics, career paths and academic preparation of college registrars, (ii) to identify the types of professional development activities to which these individuals subscribe, and (iii) to determine the professional development needs and preferences of college registrars. A review of the scholarly literature revealed a limited number of studies dealing with college registrars. No Canadian studies were found which dealt with this subject matter. Other related literature was sought out, particularly studies which dealt with the personal characteristics and work histories of other nonacademic post secondary educational administrators. A questionnaire was mailed to all college registrars in British Columbia (N = 18). Seventeen individuals responded. From the information gathered via the questionnaire, several conclusions were drawn and a profile of the average college registrar in British Columbia was developed. This profile identifies the registrar as being a male who is roughly forty-six years of age. He is employed by a comprehensive community college and earns approximately $64,000 annually. He has held this position for close to eight years. This individual has completed an undergraduate degree in the field of science or mathematics although, he believes that there is no "preferred" form of undergraduate education for potential registrars. He has developed an understanding of the computer technologies utilized at his college through "hands-on" experience and is largely self-taught. Prior to becoming a registrar he had worked full-time for twelve years and had held at least two other positions within a college or university. When desire or circumstances necessitate a job change, this person would seek a position such as Dean or Director of Student & Ancillary Services or Vice-President, Student Services and Administration. This individual did not actively pursue the goal of becoming a college registrar. Given that this individual did not intend to become a registrar, it is not surprising to find that his academic preparation was not planned with a view to future work as an administrator in an institution of higher learning. The college registrar enjoys attending workshops, seminars and meetings sponsored by the British Columbia Registrars' Association (BCRA). He is a member of this organization as well as the Association of Registrars of Universities and Colleges of Canada (ARUCC) and, the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO). Several conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

This study seeks to serve as a baseline survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of surgical registrars concerning hospital disaster preparedness across 3 tertiary hospitals in Gauteng. This is owing to the fact that a perusal of the relevant literature reveals that while considerable research exists for the assessment of hospital disaster preparedness within an international context, there was a lack of information pertaining to the South African setting. A stratified random sampling process was applied to 30 surgical registrars who were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Thus the study design was a cross sectional descriptive study of the surgical registrars working across 3 tertiary hospitals in Gauteng. A response rate of 83% was achieved. The study concluded that while 80% of surgical registrars surveyed had an excellent level of knowledge about hospital disaster preparedness, only 52% of the respondents have positive attitudes towards hospital disaster preparedness. An overwhelming majority of the surgical registrars (84%) reported poor practices concerning hospital disaster preparedness. The findings of this study has lead to the following key recommendations being made: a) the need for a dedicated national hospital disaster preparedness fund, b) the provision of regular in-service training on hospital disaster preparedness with special attention being given to registrars with greater than 11 years of clinical experience c) need for hospital disaster preparedness training to adhere to some form of quality control d) setting up of a task team to conduct regular audits on the practices of hospitals in terms of disaster preparedness.

This research explores the roles of academic professionals in higher education, specific to how they engage in decision-making processes. Academic professionals provide important functions in higher education work but there is little in the literature about these actors and their contributions to leadership and governance. A literature review triangulated role theory, organization theory, and the shared-governance field of study to bring together actors within higher education and compare their involvement based on the shared-governance model in operation at different institutions. The researcher introduced the hypothesis that when registrars are not involved in curriculum management, there may be negative effects on student success. In the study, a survey was administered to registrars and faculty members representing nearly 200 institutions to ask about the role of the registrar in specific policies and curriculum practices. Results were measured using Fisher's Exact Test but also interpreted through multiple qualitative approaches, including inductive analysis. Outcomes were not significant in the quantitative test results, but respondents overwhelmingly indicated that the role of the registrar in shared governance affected student success. Themes were recorded to articulate the most common reasons respondents offered for how the registrar was involved in academic policy, curriculum management, and supporting student success. Results of the inductive analysis provided several themes that pointed to unique roles for the registrar, such as leading from behind and acting as a compliance authority, even when partners do not appreciate being held to compliance standards. Implications for practice focused on the qualitative outcomes of the survey. Suggestions for future research included further review of quantitative data outcomes and exploring ideas from inductive analysis around leading from behind and acting as a compliance authority.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983.

This thesis examines if and how information capture and documentation practices and the function of the public archive are changing in relation to archival concepts in contemporary administrative settings, as a result of e-government strategic development. The study aims for a holistic approach from the beginning of the life of the records to their long-term preservation. This research is situated in Sweden where the recordkeeping legislation takes a holistic approach: records management is understood as a dimension of the archival function and therefore records managers have not been recognised as a professional group, however recordkeeping practice involves two occupational groups: registrars and archivists. Swedish recordkeeping legislation is based on long administrative traditions in which the public right of free access to official documents is fundamental. Registration of official documents is important as the means of facilitating the citizens´ right to free access information and registrars are primarily responsible for this process, including classification. Archivists manage the full range of recordkeeping tasks, acting not only as custodians of repositories but also strategic experts on recordkeeping as well as auditing on behalf of the archival authority.  The archive legally consists of all the ‘official documents’ created or received in the organisation. This is an explorative and documented case study that used several local government bodies (municipalities) for the data collection by document analysis and interviews. Swedish municipalities are particularly interesting because they are autonomous in relation to the national government, with complex organisational structures consisting of several politically controlled committees and administrative departments that implement political decisions and provide services to the public. The National Archives does not have any supervisory role or monitoring function over local governments, but it does publish guidelines on recordkeeping. Nevertheless, the municipalities are controlled to a large extent by the implemented policies decided at national level by the Government and Parliament. Therefore, national initiatives regarding e-government have impacted on the municipalities’ recordkeeping. A theoretical lens combining archival science and theory of professions has been chosen to analyse the observed changes in practice. The thesis analyses the issue of recordkeeping awareness in three arenas: the legal arena; the political arena; and the workplace arena in the light of the records continuum model. The research findings demonstrate a gap between the legal and workplace arenas caused by lack of recordkeeping awareness primarily within the political arena. Despite the holistic view of keeping archives expressed in the recordkeeping legislation, observed practice appears closer to a life cycle model than proactive continuum thinking and planning.  A lack of recordkeeping legislation awareness in the wider organisation is potentially leading to a division between records management and archives management, jeopardising the continuum approach. Consequently registrars may in the future become more like records managers and archivists may be losing part of their professional jurisdiction. There is a strong focus on business benefits to the organisation rather than the wider view of democratic values and cultural heritage. As a result: archivists seem to suffer a lack of resources as well as skills in order to carry out their responsibilities. The future role of archival authorities such as the National Archives is unclear. / Just nu pågår en omdaning av den offentliga förvaltningskostymen för att möta politiska mål vad gäller utveckling av den offentliga sektorn med stöd av informationsteknologi. Denna avhandling undersöker konsekvenserna av en sådan ambition genom att använda den nuvarande offentlighets- och arkivlagstiftning som en referenspunkt i syfte att undersöka vad, varför och hur implementeringen sker. I Sverige utgör de allmänna handlingarna myndighetens arkiv och skall enligt rådande arkivlagsstiftning vårdas och förvaltas så att de tillgodoser behov rörande offentlighetsinsyn, rättskipning, förvaltning och forskningen. Det finns en lång förvaltningstradition och reglering kring registrering av allmänna handlingar relaterat till offentlighetsinsynen. Myndigheternas arkiv är per definition en del av det nationella kulturarvet. Allmänna handlingar är teknikoberoende, vilket medför att oavsett om handlingarna är pappersbundna eller digitala omfattas dessa av samma regelverk. Avhandlingen söker besvara frågan: Hur medvetna är offentliga organisationer om vikten av att hantera sina allmänna handlingar i det pågående e-förvaltningsarbetet på ett sådant sätt att de uppfyller kraven i offentlighets- och arkivlagstiftningen samt hur påverkas arkivariers och registratorers professionella status (positioner och arbetsutövning) inom organisationerna? Vidare analyseras relationen mellan nya strategiska initiativ avseende informationsfångst och arkivlagstiftningen. Avhandlingen förenar arkivvetenskap och professionsteori. En teoretisk analysmodell har skapats för analys av tre arenor: den legala, den politiska och arbetsplatsarenan vad gäller medvetenheten om de legala kraven gällande offentlighets- och arkivlagstiftningen. Förändringar avseende styrnings- och kontrollsystem på legal och politisk arena kan få konsekvenser, dels för synen på vad som definieras som arkiv, dels för professionerna (arkivarier och registratorer) på arbetsplatsarenan. Om professionerna minskar jurisdiktionen, dvs. länken mellan professionen och arbetet, riskerar de att bli marginaliserade. Avhandlingen baseras på fallstudier i svenska kommuner. Kommuner utgör till följd av den kommunala självstyrelsen inkluderande arkivorganisationen och mångfacetterande och komplexa organisationsstruktur intressanta studieobjekt. Datainsamlingen har skett via analys av dokument och intervjuer. Forskningsresultatet tyder på att det råder ett gap mellan den legala och verkställande arenan beroende på att de legala kraven inte beaktas tillräckligt på den politiska arenan, vilket i sin tur kan få konsekvenser för arkivets roll i samhället, inte minst när det gäller rättssäkerhet och demokrati. Arkivarier och registratorer finns företrädesvis representerade i hanteringen av traditionell arkiv- och dokumenthantering. Resurser liksom kompetens saknas dock när det gäller att arbeta strategiskt med e-förvaltningsfrågor. Omedvetenhet på politisk och verkställighetsnivå om vikten av att arbeta proaktivt med arkivfrågor resulterar i att professionerna exkluderas. Tillsyn kan ses som ett verktyg för att bibehålla och ytterligare stärka arkivariernas professionella jurisdiktion samt att bidra till en ökad medvetenhet i organisationerna. Fokus för e-förvaltningsutvecklingen har främst legat på verksamhetsnytta med betoning på den interna verksamhetsutvecklingen i organisationen, samt relationen till den enskilde medborgaren. Nya möjligheter att fånga och använda information väcker dock frågor kring informationens legala status i relation till offentlighets- och arkivlagstiftningen. Att strategiskt verka för offentlighetsinsyn och säkra informationen i ett vidare perspektiv som en del av ett kulturarv tycks inte ha samma dignitet. Arkivmyndigheternas framtida roll är oklar. Avhandlingen bidrar med ny kunskap om relationen e-förvaltningen och arkiv- och informationshantering ur ett praktiskt, legalt och arkivvetenskapligt perspektiv. Avhandlingen kan därför vara praktiskt användbar på politisk och verkställighetsnivå när det gäller att öka medvetenheten om dessa frågor i offentlig sektor. Avhandlingen bidrar även till teoriutveckling inom den arkivvetenskapliga forskningen genom kombinationen av det teoretiska ramverket med arkivteori och professionsteori. / <p>The result presented derives from four years of research conducted within the Centre of Digital Information Management (CEDIF) at Mid Sweden University. During this time I have been involved in two research projects; the CEDIF project and the GOINFO project. Without funding, this research had not been possible. Therefore, I would like to thank EU Objective 2, the Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth, the County Administrative Board of Västernorrland, Härnösand Municipality, Sundsvall Municipality and Mid Sweden University – who all funded this research.</p> / CEDIF / GOINFO

Abstract Background The National Health and Medical Research Council and the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life and continued breastfeeding with the addition of appropriate complementary food until at least 12 months. While most Australian women initiate breastfeeding, many wean earlier than recommended due to breastfeeding difficulties. As most women consult their GP frequently in the first six months postpartum, GPs are in an ideal position to provide encouragement, evidence-based information and advice that breastfeeding women need. In addition, women are more likely to initiate and continue to breastfeed if their doctor supports and encourages them to do so. The limited Australian data available question whether GPs have the skills to be able to effectively assist breastfeeding women, although no research has specifically addressed the breastfeeding knowledge or attitudes of Australian GPs. Additionally, there are no data detailing the breastfeeding training available to medical students, GP registrars or GPs. Aim This study aimed to identify the breastfeeding educational needs of Australian GP registrars and to develop a relevant and applicable breastfeeding educational resource within the context of these identified needs. Research design Triangulation methodology, using more than one data source and qualitative and quantitative data-collection methods, was chosen for this study to give a richer, more inclusive and wider reaching understanding of the issues involved than could be obtained by using one method alone. Therefore, to meet the aims of the study, a three phase mixed-method project with triangulation of data was designed. Phase 1 had three distinct data-collection arms: a quantitative survey of medical school curricula; focus groups with medical students from two Queensland medical schools; and interviews with eight GP registrars. Data from Phase 1 provided information about breastfeeding attitudes, knowledge needs and learning opportunities, and informed the development of a questionnaire sent to final-year GP registrars Australia-wide (Phase 2). The aim of this phase was to ascertain the GP registrars’ breastfeeding attitudes and knowledge gaps. Phase 3 used the outcomes of Phases 1 and 2 to design an educational resource that would meet the needs of GP registrars. Results Breastfeeding was included in the curricula of most of the Australian medical schools surveyed (n = 10). Many medical schools relied on contact between the student and patients to provide clinical experience and practical knowledge. Medical students and GP registrars reported marked variability in breastfeeding learning opportunities. Although both groups had positive breastfeeding attitudes, participants had differing opinions regarding doctors’ involvement in infant feeding decisions and the type of support and information offered to women. Overall, the breastfeeding attitudes of the 161 GP registrars who returned the questionnaire were positive (mean 3.99, 1 = least positive, 5 = most positive). However, while the mean breastfeeding knowledge score was 3.40, (1 = minimum score, 5 = maximum score) 40 percent of the knowledge items were incorrectly answered by more than half the cohort. Approximately 40 percent of the registrars were confident and thought they were effective assisting breastfeeding women. Nevertheless, only 23 percent thought they had had sufficient breastfeeding training. Registrars who thought their previous training was inadequate had lower knowledge scores, were less confident and perceived that they were less effective than the remainder of the cohort. A new finding from this study was that Australian-born registrars had more positive breastfeeding attitudes and higher knowledge scores than their overseas-born counterparts. In addition, while parents with more than 26 weeks’ personal breastfeeding experience (self or partner) had more positive breastfeeding attitudes and higher breastfeeding knowledge, confidence and perceived effectiveness scores, parents with less experience had less positive attitudes and poorer knowledge than non-parent participants. Similar to previous studies, gender had no effect on breastfeeding knowledge or attitudes. Using adult learning principles, a five-session, case-based breastfeeding educational resource addressing the knowledge deficits identified in the previous phases of the study was developed. Evaluation activities before and after each session, as well as exercises designed for reflection and critical thinking, were an integral part of the resource. Conclusion This study found that the breastfeeding training of Australian medical students and GP registrars was inadequate and, regardless of their positive breastfeeding attitudes, resulted in registrars being ill-prepared to assist breastfeeding women. Based on the training needs identified in the study and in the literature, an educational resource was developed that presented information within real-life case-based scenarios. Additional background information provided logic and rationale for diagnosis, management and treatment. While the implementation of the resource is outside the scope of this thesis (but will be the focus of post-doctoral work), it is believed that the resource has the potential to provide GP registrars with training opportunities to improve their breastfeeding knowledge and skills, thus better meeting the needs of breastfeeding women.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983. / Also available in print.