Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TalitaFA_DISSERT.pdf: 2140188 bytes, checksum: 0083999c43d74876b9f2f21898381161 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Understand the origin, maintenance and the mechanisms that operate in the current biodiversity is the major goal of ecology. Species ecology can be influenced by different factors at different scales. There are three approaches about the ecological differences between species: the first brings that differences result from current processes on niche characteristics (e.g. diet, time, space); the second that species differences are explained by random patterns of speciation, extinction and dispersion, the third that historical events explain the formation and composition of species in communities. This study aims to evaluate the influence of phylogenetic relationships in determining ecological characteristics in amphibians (globally) and test with that, if ecological differences between species of frogs are the result of ancient pre-existing differences or as result of current interactions. Another objective of this study is to verify if ecological, historical or current characteristics determine the size of species geographical distribution. The diet data for analysis of trophic ecology were collected from published literature. We performed a non-parametric MANOVA to test the existence of phylogenetic effects in diet shifts on frogs history. Thus, it is expected to know the main factors that allow the coexistence of anuran species. We performed a phylogenetic regression to analyze if niche breadth, body size and evolutionary age variables determine the size of the geographical distribution of amphibians in the Amazon. In the present study, new contributions to knowledge of major ecological patterns of anurans are discussed under a phylogenetic perspective / Entender a origem, manuten??o e os mecanismos que operam na biodiversidade atual s?o um dos principais objetivos da Ecologia. A ecologia das esp?cies pode ser influenciada por diferentes fatores em diferentes escalas. Existem tr?s abordagens a cerca das diferen?as ecol?gicas entre as esp?cies: a primeira traz essas diferen?as resultam de processos atuais atuando sobre as caracter?sticas do nicho (dieta, tempo, espa?o, etc); a segunda que diverg?ncias no nicho das esp?cies s?o explicadas por padr?es rand?micos de especia??o, dispers?o e extin??o; a terceira que eventos hist?ricos explicam a forma??o e a composi??o das esp?cies nas comunidades. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a influ?ncia das rela??es filogen?ticas na determina??o de caracter?sticas ecol?gicas em anf?bios (globalmente) e testar, com isso, se as diferen?as ecol?gicas entre as esp?cies de anuros s?o resultado de diferen?as antigas pr?-existentes ou como o resultado de intera??es ecol?gicas mais recentes. Outro objetivo deste estudo ? verificar que caracter?sticas ecol?gicas, hist?ricas ou atuais, determinam e influenciam o tamanho da distribui??o geogr?fica das esp?cies. Os dados de dieta para a an?lise da ecologia tr?fica dos anf?bios foram coletados a partir da literatura j? publicada. Realizamos uma MANOVA n?o param?trica para testar a exist?ncia de efeitos filogen?ticos nas principais diverg?ncias na dieta dos anuros. Com isso, espera-se conhecer os principais fatores que permitem a coexist?ncia das esp?cies de anf?bios anuros e quais os principais n?s da filogenia de anf?bios respons?veis pelas diferen?as observadas atualmente no nicho tr?fico das esp?cies. Realizamos uma regress?o filogen?tica para analisar se as vari?veis de largura de nicho, tamanho corporal e tempo de diverg?ncia determinam o tamanho da distribui??o geogr?fica dos anf?bios anuros da Amaz?nia. Neste trabalho, novas contribui??es ao conhecimento dos padr?es ecol?gicos apresentados pelos anuros s?o fornecidas e discutidas sob uma perspectiva filogen?tica

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-09T22:42:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeAlvesPereiraPinto_TESE.pdf: 3382982 bytes, checksum: 85ac4517804b6893a9d66c8dc3ea1c78 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-10T21:37:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeAlvesPereiraPinto_TESE.pdf: 3382982 bytes, checksum: 85ac4517804b6893a9d66c8dc3ea1c78 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T21:37:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeAlvesPereiraPinto_TESE.pdf: 3382982 bytes, checksum: 85ac4517804b6893a9d66c8dc3ea1c78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-18 / The maintenance and evolution of software systems have become a critical task over the last years due to the diversity and high demand of features, devices and users. The ability to understand and analyze how newly introduced changes impact the quality attributes of the architecture of those software systems is an essential prerequisite for avoiding the deterioration of the engineering quality of them during their evolution. This thesis proposes an automated approach for the deviation analysis of the quality attribute of performance in terms of execution time (response time). It is implemented by a framework that adopts dynamic analysis and mining software repository techniques to provide an automated way to revel potential sources - commits and issues - of performance deviation in scenarios of an evolving software system. The approach defines four phases: (i) preparation - choosing the scenarios and preparing the target releases; (ii) dynamic analysis - determining the performance of scenarios and methods by calculating their execution time; (iii) deviation analysis - processing and comparing the results of the dynamic analysis for different releases; and (iv) repository mining - identifying development issues and commits associated with performance deviation. Several empirical studies have been developed to assess the approach from different perspectives. An initial study shows the feasibility of the approach to support traceability of quality attributes with static analysis. An exploratory study analyzed the usefulness and domain independence of the proposal in automatically identifying source code assets with performance deviation and the changes that have affected them during an evolution. This study was performed using three systems: (i) SIGAA - a web academic management system; (ii) ArgoUML - an UML modeling tool; and (iii) Netty - a network application framework. A third study has performed an evolutionary analysis of applying the approach to multiple releases of Netty, and the web frameworks Wicket and Jetty. It has analyzed twenty-one releases (seven releases of each system) and addressed a total of 57 scenarios. Overall, we have found 14 scenarios with significant performance deviation for Netty, 13 for Wicket, and 9 for Jetty. In addition, the feedback obtained from an online survey with eight developers of Netty, Wicket and Jetty is also discussed. Finally, in our last study, we built a performance regression model in order to indicate the properties of code changes that are more likely to cause performance degradation. We mined a total of 997 commits, of which 103 were retrieved from degraded code assets, 19 from optimized, while 875 had no impact on execution time. Number of days before release and day of week were the most relevant variables of commits that cause performance degradation in our model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area of our regression model is 60%, which means that deciding if a commit will cause performance degradation or not by using the model is 10% better than a random guess. / A manuten??o e evolu??o de sistemas de software tornou-se uma tarefa bastante cr?tica ao longo dos ?ltimos anos devido ? diversidade e alta demanda de funcionalidades, dispositivos e usu?rios. Entender e analisar como novas mudan?as impactam os atributos de qualidade da arquitetura de tais sistemas ? um pr?-requisito essencial para evitar a deteriora??o de sua qualidade durante sua evolu??o. Esta tese prop?e uma abordagem automatizada para a an?lise de varia??o do atributo de qualidade de desempenho em termos de tempo de execu??o (tempo de resposta). Ela ? implementada por um framework que adota t?cnicas de an?lise din?mica e minera??o de reposit?rio de software para fornecer uma forma automatizada de revelar fontes potenciais ? commits e issues ? de varia??o de desempenho em cen?rios durante a evolu??o de sistemas de software. A abordagem define quatro fases: (i) prepara??o ? escolher os cen?rios e preparar os releases alvos? (ii) an?lise din?mica ? determinar o desempenho de cen?rios e m?todos calculando seus tempos de execu??o? (iii) an?lise de varia??o ? processar e comparar os resultados da an?lise din?mica para releases diferentes? e (iv) minera??o de reposit?rio ? identificar issues e commits associados com a varia??o de desempenho detectada. Estudos emp?ricos foram realizados para avaliar a abordagem de diferentes perspectivas. Um estudo explorat?rio analisou a viabilidade de se aplicar a abordagem em sistemas de diferentes dom?nios para identificar automaticamente elementos de c?digo fonte com varia??o de desempenho e as mudan?as que afetaram tais elementos durante uma evolu??o. Esse estudo analisou tr?s sistemas: (i) SIGAA ? um sistema web para ger?ncia acad?mica? (ii) ArgoUML ? uma ferramenta de modelagem UML? e (iii) Netty ? um framework para aplica??es de rede. Outro estudo realizou uma an?lise evolucion?ria ao aplicar a abordagem em m?ltiplos releases do Netty, e dos frameworks web Wicket e Jetty. Nesse estudo foram analisados 21 releases (sete de cada sistema), totalizando 57 cen?rios. Em resumo, foram encontrados 14 cen?rios com varia??o significante de desempenho para Netty, 13 para Wicket e 9 para Jetty. Adicionalmente, foi obtido feedback de oito desenvolvedores desses sistemas atrav?s de um formul?rio online. Finalmente, no ?ltimo estudo, um modelo de regress?o para desempenho foi desenvolvido visando indicar propriedades de commits que s?o mais prov?veis a causar degrada??o de desempenho. No geral, 997 commits foram minerados, sendo 103 recuperados de elementos de c?digo fonte degradados e 19 de otimizados, enquanto 875 n?o tiveram impacto no tempo de execu??o. O n?mero de dias antes de disponibilizar o release e o dia da semana se mostraram como as vari?veis mais relevantes dos commits que degradam desempenho no nosso modelo. A ?rea de caracter?stica de opera??o do receptor (ROC ? Receiver Operating Characteristic) do modelo de regress?o ? 60%, o que significa que usar o modelo para decidir se um commit causar? degrada??o ou n?o ? 10% melhor do que uma decis?o aleat?ria.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndrePFN.pdf: 1525936 bytes, checksum: edb576494fd35f42e78d512df4fc02df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-20 / Telecommunication is one of the most dynamic and strategic areas in the world. Many technological innovations has modified the way information is exchanged. Information and knowledge are now shared in networks. Broadband Internet is the new way of sharing contents and information. This dissertation deals with performance indicators related to maintenance services of telecommunications networks and uses models of multivariate regression to estimate churn, which is the loss of customers to other companies. In a competitive environment, telecommunications companies have devised strategies to minimize the loss of customers. Loosing customers presents a higher cost than obtaining new ones. Corporations have plenty of data stored in a diversity of databases. Usually the data are not explored properly. This work uses the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) to establish rules and new models to explain how churn, as a dependent variable, are related to a diversity of service indicators, such as time to deploy the service (in hours), time to repair (in hours), and so on. Extraction of meaningful knowledge is, in many cases, a challenge. Models were tested and statistically analyzed. The work also shows results that allows the analysis and identification of which quality services indicators influence the churn. Actions are also proposed to solve, at least in part, this problem / A ?rea de telecomunica??es ? uma das mais estrat?gicas e din?micas do mundo atual. Esse fato se deve a in?meras inova??es tecnol?gicas que afetaram a forma como as informa??es trafegam. O conhecimento deixou de ser percebido como um ac?mulo linear, l?gico e cronol?gico de informa??es e passou a ser visto como uma constru??o em rede, consequentemente a massifica??o da Internet banda larga em alta velocidade teve grande influ?ncia sobre esse fen?meno. Essa disserta??o aborda um estudo sobre medi??o de desempenho e servi?os de manuten??o em telecomunica??es, com o uso de ferramentas de descoberta de conhecimento em base de dados (KDD). Objetiva-se transformar informa??es, armazenadas nas bases de dados de uma grande empresa de telecomunica??es do pa?s, em conhecimento ?til. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada focou no uso de an?lise de regress?o m?ltipla como ferramenta para estimar a taxa de abandono de clientes em servi?os de Internet de banda larga, como vari?vel dependente, e indicadores de qualidade de servi?o como vari?veis independentes. Modelos foram testados e analisados estatisticamente. O trabalho apresenta resultados que permitem analisar e identificar quais os indicadores de qualidade que exercem maior influ?ncia na taxa de abandono dos clientes. S?o propostas sugest?es que possam ser aplicadas para melhoria de qualidade do servi?o percebido e consequentemente diminui??es das perdas com a taxa de abandono

This diploma work consists of theorethical and practical part. The theorethical part contains general characteristics of difficult life situations as stress, frustration and conflict. There are also mentioned techniques and factors for coping difficult life situations. The practical part contains a research, which deals perception difficult life situations by adolescents. The research was carried out by two questionnaires. At the end of the practical part there is a summary and an evaluation of results.