Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [70]-74).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-135). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-64). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.E.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). "09 July 2007." Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.E.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-179). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Maintaining constant high yields in „Abate Fetel‟ and „Forelle‟ orchards in South Africa is challenging. Improving productivity in these orchards could be achieved by increasing fruit set and fruit size. Fruit size is an important marketing and quality parameter and has a significant effect on the economic value of fruit. Various protocols to improve fruit set are used by South African producers but these are not well researched. We therefore evaluated different combinations of plant growth regulators including gibberellic acid (GA3), gibberellins 4+7 (GA4+7), GA4+7 combined with 6-benzyladenine (6-BA), aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and prohexadione-calcium (P-Ca) in combination with trunk girdling during flowering on „Forelle‟ and „Abate Fetel‟ to determine the best fruit set strategy. All applied growth regulators improved fruit set relative to an untreated control over two consecutive seasons, but GA3 and P-Ca reduced return bloom and AVG resulted in smaller fruit size relative to the other treatments. The application of synthetic cytokinins are believed to enhance fruit size by stimulating and extending the cell division period in fruit when applied at the correct stage of fruit growth. In addition, combination of P-Ca with GA4+7 was used successfully on Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and „Bing‟ sweet cherry to improve fruit size. This combination of GA4+7 and P-Ca was evaluated and combined with 6-BA treatments on European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars, Forelle and Abate Fetel, to see if a similar effect on fruit size could be achieved under South African growing conditions. On both „Forelle‟ and „Abate Fetel‟ the combination of GA4+7 and P-Ca increased fruit size, but was more pronounced in „Abate Fetel‟. Growth regulators N-phenyl-N‟ -1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ), N (2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N‟ -phenylurea (CPPU), 6-BA and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) successfully increased fruit size in pear cultivars Coscia and Spadona in Israel. These growth regulators were applied to „Forelle‟ and „Abate Fetel‟ to determine if a similar effect could be achieved. None of the synthetic cytokinins applied had a significant effect on increasing fruit size in these two cultivars over two consecutive seasons although 6-BA increased return bloom and 2,4-D application resulted in increased fruit set. The stage when the cell division period in „Forelle‟ and „Abate Fetel‟ ends was also determined as 34 and 45 days after full bloom respectively, which can be used in the future to better plan the timing of fruit size enhancement treatments. Based on results from various fruit set and fruit size improvement trials, it can be recommended to use GA4+7 or AVG to increase fruit set on „Forelle‟ and „Abate Fetel‟, depending on the fruit set history of the orchard. Results from fruit size improvement trials were variable, and emphasises the fact that a balance between yield and fruit size must be determined for an orchard to achieve good fruit size and maximum return. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die handhawing van konstante, hoë opbrengste in „Abate Fetel‟ en „Forelle‟ boorde in Suid-Afrika is 'n uitdaging. Produktiwiteit in hierdie boorde kan verhoog word deur vrugset en vruggrootte te verbeter. Vruggrootte is 'n belangrike bemarkings- en kwaliteitsparameter en het 'n betekenisvolle effek op die ekonomiese waarde van vrugte. 'n Verskeidenheid protokolle om vrugset te verbeter word deur Suid-Afrikaanse produsente gevolg, maar hierdie protokolle is nog nie goed nagevors nie. Verskillende kombinasies van plantgroeireguleerders insluitend gibberelliensuur (GA3), gibberellien 4+7 (GA4+7), GA4+7 in kombinasie met 6-bensieladenien (6-BA), aminoetoksievinielglisien (AVG) en prohexadioon-kalsium (P-Ca) in kombinasie met stamringelering is aan „Forelle‟ en „Abate Fetel‟ bome gedurende blomtyd toegedien om die beste vrugsetstrategie te bepaal. Alle plantgroeireguleerdes wat toegedien is het vrugset verbeter relatief tot 'n onbehandelde kontrole oor twee opeenvolgende seisoene, maar GA3 en P-Ca het die aantal blomme in die daaropvolgende seisoen verlaag en AVG het kleiner vruggrootte gelewer relatief tot alle ander behandelings. Dit is wel bekend dat die toediening van sintetiese sitokiniene vruggrootte verbeter deur die stimulering en bevordering van seldeling in vrugte wanneer dit in die regte groeifase toegedien word. Die kombinasie van P-Ca en GA4+7 was suksesvol om vruggrootte te verbeter toe dit aan Japanese pere (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) en „Bing‟ kersies toegedien is. Hierdie kombinasie van GA4+7 en P-Ca is geëvalueer en gekombineer met 6-BA-behandelings op die Europese peer (Pyrus communis L.) kultivars, Forelle en Abate Fetel, om te bepaal of dieselfde effek op vruggrootte bereik kan word onder Suid-Afrikaanse groei kondisies. Op beide „Forelle‟ en „Abate Fetel‟ het die kombinasies van GA4+7 en P-Ca vruggrootte verbeter, maar dit was meer opmerklik in die geval van „Abate Fetel‟. Die groeireguleerders N-feniel-N‟ -1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (TDZ), N (2-chloro-4-piridiel)-N‟ -fenielurea (CPPU), 6-BA en 2,4- dichloorfenoksieasynsuur (2,4-D) het vruggrootte verbeter in „Coscia‟ en „Spadona‟ pere in Israel. Hierdie plantgroeireguleerders is toegedien aan „Forelle‟ en „Abate Fetel‟ om vas te stel of dieselfde effek verkry kon word. Nie enige van die sintetiese sitokiniene wat toegedien is het 'n betekenisvolle effek op die verbetering van vruggrootte in hierdie twee kultivars oor twee opeenvolgende seisoene getoon nie, alhoewel 6-BA die verbetering van blom in die daaropvolgende seisoen tot gevolg gehad en 2,4-D vrugset verbeter het. Die stadium waar seldeling in „Forelle‟ en „Abate Fetel‟ eindig is vasgestel as 34 en 45 dae na volblom, onderskeidelik, wat in die toekoms gebruik kan word om die beplanning en tydsberekening van vruggrootte behandelings te verbeter. Na verskeie vrugset en vruggroote verbeterings proewe, kan aanbeveel word dat GA4+7 of AVG gebruik kan word om vrugset in „Forelle‟ en „Abate Fetel‟ te verbeter, afhangende van die vrugset geskiedenis van die boord. Resultate van vruggrootte verbeterings proewe het gevarieër en beklemtoon net weer die feit dat 'n balans tussen opbrengs en vruggrootte bepaal moet word om optimale vruggrootte te handhaaf en so hoë winste te verseker. / SAAPPA

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kohatsu_ds_me_botfca.pdf: 4312398 bytes, checksum: 91e1ff1dd9bac30e33d67d04a04522bd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de reguladores vegetais nas trocas gasosa durante o desenvolvimento da planta e na qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de melão rendilhado Galileu, armazenados em condições ambiente. A primeira etapa do experimento foi conduzida em estufa para cultivo protegido das plantas de melão, localizada na área experimental da Fazenda Experimental de São Manuel/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. A aplicação dos tratamentos foram realizadas no início da fase reprodutiva, 15 e 30 dias após a primeira aplicação. As medidas de trocas gasosas foram realizadas sempre no período das 8:00 às 11:00 horas da manhã, nas plantas controle e tratadas com os reguladores vegetais, no dia anterior e posterior à aplicação. Ci, A, gs e E foram feitas com um Infra Red Gas Analyser IRGA, modelo LI-6400 da LI-COR. As plantas receberam os tratamentos no campo (T1 controle, T2 GA3 (ácido giberélico) a 100 mg L-1, T3 IBA (ácido indolilbutírico) a 100 mg L-1, T4 cinetina a 100 mg L-1, T5 mistura de GA3 + IBA + cinetina a 5%), os frutos foram colhidos (51 dias após a primeira aplicação) e transportados ao Laboratório de Frutas e Hortaliças, pertencente ao Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. Os frutos foram avaliados a cada 5 dias, durante 20 dias de armazenamento. As alterações pós-colheita foram detectadas por meio de análises de perda de massa fresca, firmeza, acidez titulável, pH, sólidos solúveis, relação SS/AT, açúcares totais, redutores e sacarose, atividade das enzimas peroxidase (POD), pectinametilesterase (PME) e poligalacturonase (PG). Os macronutrientes e micronutrientes foram analisados na colheita. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com o controle e mais quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições que correspondem aos blocos. Nas condições em que o experimento... / This work's objective was to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators on gas exchange during plant development and on post harvest quality of Galileu cantaloupes stored at conditions atmosphere. The first stage of the assay was conducted in a greenhouse (protected cultivation of cantaloupe plants), in the experimental area of São Manuel's Experimental Farm/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. The treatments were applied in the beginning of the reproductive stage, and 15 and 30 days after the first application. Gas exchange measurements were performed from 0800 to 1100 a.m, both in control plants and plants treated with plant growth regulators, on the previous and subsequent day from application. Ci, A, gs, and E were evaluated with a LI-COR model LI-6400 Infra Red Gas Analyzer - IRGA. The cantaloupe plants were treated in the field (T1 controls, T2 GA3 (gibberellic acid) 100 mg L-1, T3 IBA (indolebutyric acid) 100 mg L-1, T4- kinetin 100 mg L-1, T5- GA3 + IBA + kinetin mixture at 5%), and fruits were harvest (51 days after the first application) and transported to the Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory of Departamento de Gestão e Tecnologia Agroindustrial/UNESP, Botucatu, SP. The fruits were evaluated every 5 days during a 20-day storage period. Alterations in post harvest quality were detected through analyses comprising fresh weight loss, firmness, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, SS/TA ratio, total sugars, reduced sugars and sucrose, and activity of the enzymes peroxidase (POD), pectin methylesterase (PME), and polygalacturonase (PG). Macronutrients and micronutrients were analyzed at harvest time. The statistical design consisted of randomized blocks including a control, in addition to four treatments and four replicates that corresponded to blocks. Under the conditions in which the experiment was conducted, the results allow us to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_ga_dr_ilha.pdf: 676017 bytes, checksum: 076edefb20fc0b9ca3fe2971dd3db42e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A evolução da bananicultura brasileira foi possível em virtude dos progressos obtidos no que se refere à disponibilidade de material genético diversificado, à disponibilidade de mudas sadias e de boa qualidade genética, às práticas culturais de manejo pré e pós-colheita, às técnicas fitossanitárias desenvolvidas, às técnicas de nutrição e de irrigação, e à melhoria do nível técnico e organizacional do bananicultor brasileiro. Métodos de propagação, como a micropropagação in vitro, vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aperfeiçoados, para elevar a taxa de multiplicação em curto espaço de tempo e melhorar a qualidade das mudas. O processo de micropropagação é realizado em fases, sendo estas a escolha da planta matriz, desinfestação do material, estabelecimento, multiplicação enraizamento e aclimatação das mudas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estabelecer um protocolo de micropropagação de explantes de bananeira ‘Thap maeo’, envolvendo as etapas de desinfestação utilizando concentrações de cloro ativo e os antibióticos ampicilina sódica e cloranfenicol, multiplicação estudando concentraçoes de citocininas como o 6-Benzilaminopurina (BAP) e Cinetina e no enraizamento in vitro verificando concentrações de auxinas como o Ácido Indol Butírico (AIB) e o Ácido Naftaleno Acético (ANA). Concluiu-se que a concentração de 2% de cloro ativo proporcionou redução de 92% e 88% respectivamente para bactérias e fungos. Para os antibióticos ampicilina sódica e cloranfenicol a concentração de 20 mg L-1 reduziu em 70% de desinfestação de bactérias e fungos. Quando se utilizou os reguladores vegetais, BAP e cinetina, o maior numero de brotos obtido foi na concentração foi de 4mg L-1 conseguindo em média 3,8 brotos por explantes no 4o subcultivo. Para o enraizamento in vitro a concentração de 4,0 mg L-1 de AIB apresentou melhor resultado com 3,2 raizes por broto / The evolution of Brazilian banana was possible because of progress in relation to the availability of diverse genetic material, the availability of healthy seedlings and good quality genetics, cultural practices of management and post-harvest phytosanitary techniques developed techniques, nutrition and irrigation, and improving the technical and organizational bananicultor Brazil. Propagation methods, such as in vitro micropropagation, have been developed and improved to increase the multiplication rate in a short time and improve the quality of seedlings. The acclimatization process is performed in phases, these being the choice of the mother plant, disinfection equipment, establishment, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of the seedlings. The objective of this study establish a protocol for micropropagation of banana explants 'Thap Maeo', involving the steps of disinfection using chlorine concentrations and antibiotic ampicillin sodium and chloramphenicol, multiplication studying concentrations of cytokinins like 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP ) and Kinetin and in vitro rooting checking concentrations of auxin and Indole Butyric acid (IBA) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). It was concluded that the 2% concentration provided a reduction of active chlorine of 92% and 88% respectively for bacteria and fungi. For the antibiotics sodium ampicillin and chloranphenicol concentration of 20 mg.L-1 reduced by 70% of disinfection of bacteria and fungi. When using the plant growth regulators, BAP and kinetin, the highest number of shoots was obtained on concentration was 4 mg L -1 achieving an average of 3,8 shoots per explant in the 4th subculture. For rooting in vitro concentration of 4.0 mg L-1 IBA showed the best result with 3,2 roots per shoot

Orientador : Elizabeth Orika Ono / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Vandeir Francisco Guimarães / Banca: Manoel Abilio de Queiroz / Banca: Silvio José Bicudo / Resumo: Tratamentos com reguladores vegetais foram estudados em plantas de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. BRS-184) para avaliar o teor de clorofila das folhas, a altura da planta, o número de ramificações e altura de vagens. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu - UNESP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e oito tratamentos (testemunha; GA3 100 mg L-1; BAP 100 mg L-1; IBA 100 mg L-1; Stimulate® (IBA+GA3+Cinetina) 20 mL L-1; cloreto de mepiquat 100 mg L-1; cloreto de mepiquat 100 mg L-1+BAP 100 mg L-1+IBA 100 mg L-1 e ethephon 600 mg L-1. Os tratamentos foram aplicados três vezes, espaçados em 30 dias durante o ciclo da planta a partir do 43º dia e foram realizadas seis avaliações espaçados em 13 dias. Os tratamentos com BAP, ethephon e cloreto de mepiquat + IBA + BAP mantiveram o teor de clorofila nas folhas alto até o final do ciclo da planta. A altura de plantas foi menor que a testemunha em todos os tratamentos a partir de 90 dias após a semeadura, com exceção do tratamento com GA3, que manteve a altura de plantas superior durante todo ciclo da cultura. As ramificações das plantas foram incrementadas pelo tratamento com ethephon, que apresentou, a altura da primeira vagem inferior à testemunha. No tratamento com GA3, a altura da primeira vagem foi superior. / Abstract: Treatments with plant growth regulators were studied in soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. BRS-184) to assess the leaf chlorophyll content, the ramification number and the height of the pods. The experiment has been carried out at the greenhouse of the Botanic Department, Bioscience Institute, University of the Sao Paulo State - UNESP, campus of Rubiao Junior, Botucatu, Brazil. The used experimental design delineation was completely randomized block with three replications and eight treatments (control; GA3 100 mg L-1; BAP 100 mg L-1; IBA 100 mg L-1; Stimulate® (IBA+GA3+Cinetin) 20 mL L-1; mepiquat chloride 100 mg L-1; mepiquat chloride 100 mg L-1+BAP 100 mg L-1+IBA 100 mg L-1 and ethephon 600 mg L-1. The treatments were applied three times every 30 days during the plant cycle after 43 days and six evaluations have been made every 13 days. The treatments with BAP, ethephon and mepiquat chloride + IBA + BAP maintained the high chlorophyll content until the end of the plant cycle. The height of the plants was lower than the control in all treatments after the 90th day of sowing, excepting the treatment with GA3, which maintained the height of the plants during the cycle of cultivation. The plant stems were increased by the ethephon treatment; however, the height of the first pod was the lowest in this treatment and the highest in the treatment with GA3. / Doutor