Background: It is often considered that, following paediatric acquired brain injury (pABI) and epilepsy, higher-level cognitive deficits, such as prospective memory (PM), are impaired and may only become apparent over time when these abilities are expected to develop and mature in a typically developing child. Interventions supporting PM have the potential to increase independence and enhance social participation. Despite research indicating PM difficulties in children and adolescents with pABI and epilepsy, and also in children with PM difficulties with unknown aetiology, currently, there is a limited evidence-base for interventions, although previous research has attempted to address this following pABI (Rous, 2011). Objective: The objective of this empirical paper was to build upon the work of Rous (2011) and optimise the effectiveness of brief metacognitive 'Remembering Goals' Training (RGT) and external content-free cueing (in the form of 'STOP' text messages) on PM task performance and the achievement of real-life goals. Method: The research employed a single-case series design with a randomised, alternating treatment (Barlow & Hayes, 1979). Eight participants (aged 10-15 years) completed the study. Three participants had an ABI, two participants had epilepsy, and three participants experienced PM difficulties with unknown aetiology. The PM task required participants to send three text messages at set times and to complete three real-life goals each working day for a four-week period. After a baseline period, participants completed brief RGT via Skype twice during the study (once following baseline, and again half way through the study). The brief RGT facilitated metacognitive skills and participants learnt to associate texts reading 'STOP' with mentally reviewing their goals and tasks for that day. Six 'STOP' text messages (cues) were sent at random times on half of the days of the intervention. The number and accuracy of texts messages, and the achievement of real-life goals, were compared across cued and un-cued days to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention for each participant. Results: Five participants demonstrated improved PM text message performance and seven participants demonstrated improved performance in real-life goals. Most of the participants reported positive gains in self-reported PM abilities, and most parents of children with acquired neurological conditions reported reduced levels of family stress and burden following the intervention. Conclusions: This research offers some evidence in support of the efficacy of content-free cueing and RGT for facilitating PM abilities. The majority of participants engaged in more frequent and accurate PM tasks and, most importantly, achieved more of their real-life goals as a result of the intervention.

SammanfattningSyfte: Syftet var att sammanställa och beskriva hur Virtual Reality används som rehabiliteringsintervention för personer med stroke samt hur rehabiliteringsinterventionen upplevs för personerna. Metod: Författarna valde att utföra en litteraturöversikt för att granska det aktuella forskningsläget. Litteraturöversikten inkluderar 11 studier med utgivningsår 2012-2022. Studiedesignen i de inkluderade studierna var kvantitativ, kvalitativ samt mixad metod. Studierna inhämtades i databaserna Pubmed, Cinahl, PsycInfo och AMED. Samtliga studier kvalitetgranskades för att öka trovärdigheten i litteraturöversikten. Resultat: Resultatet sammanställdes i fyra kategorier; Rehabilitering av funktioner och förmågor, alternativa VR-system att tillämpa vid strokerehabilitering, rörelseträning med direkt, visuell och auditiv feedback samt personer med stroke upplever VR olika. Resultatet visade att VR som rehabiliteringsintervention för personer med stroke kan användas i olika syften samt användas på olika sätt för att rehabilitera utifrån personens funktioner och förmågor. I sin helhet uttryckte personer som utför rehabilitering med VR att det upplevdes som meningsfullt, njutbart samt engagerande. Slutsats: Slutsatsen är att VR möjliggör fler sätt till rehabilitering efter en stroke, vilket gör att VR kan vara användbart som intervention inom arbetsterapi. Tekniken fortsatta utveckling erbjuder möjlighet att använda teknik inom den arbetsterapeutiska proffesionen, där det är viktigt för arbetsterapeuter att följa med utvecklingen. Slutligen krävs mer forskning för att kunna utvärdera om VR är en tänkbar rehabiliteringsintervention att använda i större omfattning, framförallt om det är applicerbart i svensk hälso- och sjukvård för arbetsterapeuter. / AbstracktAim: The aim of this study was to compile and describe how Virtual Realiy is uses as a rehabilitation intervention for people with stroke and how the rehabilitation intervention is experienced by the people. Method: The authors have chosen to perform a literature review to review the current state of research. The literature review includes 11 studies with publication years 2012-2022. The study design in the inclusive studies was quantitative, qualitative and mixed method. The studies were collected in the databases of Pubmed, Cinahl, PsycInfo and AMED. All studies were quality reviewed to increase the credibility of the literature review. Result: The result was compiled into four categories; Rehabilitation of functions and abilities, alternative VR-systems to apply to stroke rehabilitation, training movement with direct, visual and auditory feedback and people with stroke experience VR differently. The result showed that VR as a rehabilitation intervention for people with stroke can be used for different purposes and used in different ways to rehabilitate based on the person's functions and abilities. In its entirety, people who performed rehabilitation with VR expresses that it was percived as meaningful, enjoyable and engaging. Conclusion: The conclusion is that VR allows fore more ways to rehabilitate after a stroke, which means that VR can be useful as an intervention in occuational therapy. The continued development of technology offers the opportunity to use technology in the occupational therapy profession, where it is important for occupational therapists to keep up with developments. Finally, more research is needed to be able to evaluate whether VR is a possible rehabilitation intervention to use to a greater extent, especially if it is applicable in Swedish health care for occupational therapists.