The major sorting station of biosynthetic material destined for the cell surface or secretion is the trans Golgi Network, TGN. This organelle sorts proteins and lipids into vesicular transport carriers that are targeted via different pathways to distinct membrane compartments of the cell. The molecular principles that operate in cargo sorting at the TGN are still not very well understood. Especially, we know very little about the sorting of lipids. It was postulated that a sorting mechanism based on clustering of lipid rafts, dynamic membrane domains enriched in sphingolipids and sterols, could be an important part of the picture. My thesis study dealt with the elucidation of the molecular sorting principles at the TGN and their exploitation for cell surface polarity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To this end, we conducted a genome wide screen that identified yeast mutants defective in cell surface delivery of the model cargo protein FusMid-GFP. The most striking result of this screen was that mutant strains with defects in ergosterol (the major yeast sterol) and sphingolipid biosynthesis lost sorting competence. To elucidate a direct role for sphingolipids and ergosterol in cargo sorting and secretion we sought to characterize the lipid composition of secretory vesicles. Hence, we established a vesicle purification protocol based on an immunoisolation strategy. Additionally, in collaboration with the group of A. Shevchenko, we developed a mass spectrometry methodology that allows the comprehensive and quantitative lipid analysis of subcellular organelles. Preliminary results corroborate our genetic evidence. The data show that the vesicles are enriched in sphingolipids and decreased in phosphatidylcholine indicating a role for raft clustering in cargo sorting at the TGN. The studies of cell polarity during yeast mating also unraveled a role for raft clustering. We could identify that the lipid bilayer at the tip of the mating projection was more ordered than at the plasma membrane enclosing the cell body and that this was dependent on sphingolipid synthesis. The results of my thesis suggest that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae fundamental cell biological processes such as cargo sorting and vesicle formation at the TGN as well as cell surface polarity during mating employ raft clustering mechanisms.

In order to improve the production of acarbose, the fermentation medium of acarbose-producing strain Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 – L14 mutant was optimized in this internship. Fractional factorial design was employ to investigate the influences of glucose, maltose and corn power on acarbose production (by a-glucosidase inhibitory ability). Two significant factors: glucose and maltose have significant and positive effects on acarbose amount. In addition, a model was obtained from the regression results of fractional factorial experiment. Other success, we demonstrated that chromatography by active charcoal column can used to purify acarbose from fermentation broth. Acarbose amount in purification solution was 191.5 g/L and an acarbose - purification process was inducted. / Nhằm mục đích nâng cao khả năng sinh tổng hợp hoạt chất acarbose từ chủng đột biến Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161-L14, môi trường lên men của chủng dùng để sản xuất acarbose đã được tối ưu hóa. Một phần mềm thiết kế đã được thiết lập để khảo sát ảnh hưởng của glucose, maltose và bột ngô đến khả năng sản xuất acarbose (thông qua hoạt tính ức chế a-glucosidase). Kết quả đã cho thấy, hai yếu tố glucose và maltose có ý nghĩa quan trọng và ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến khả năng sinh tổng hợp acarbose. Một phương trình đã được hình thành từ kết quả tối ưu. Bên cạnh đó, chúng tôi đã chứng minh được cột sắc ký sử dụng than hoạt tính có thể tinh sạch acarbose từ dịch lên men. Hàm lượng acarbose trong dung dịch tinh sạch đạt 191,5 g/l và một quy trình tinh sạch acarbose được đề xuất.

Die Existenz der nichtmetallischen Einschlüsse in der Metallschmelze führt zur Verschlechterung der physikalischen Eigenschaften des gegossenen Stahls. Die im Rahmen des SFB 920 entstandene Arbeit beschäftigt sich hauptsächlich mit der Untersuchung der reaktiven Reinigung und aktiven Filtration der Metallschmelze im Induktionsofen mithilfe der numerischen Strömungsmechanik. Dazu werden im Rahmen der Arbeit neue numerische Simulationsmodelle entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die reaktive Reinigung einen ausschlaggebenden positiven Einfluss auf die Entfernung der Einschlüsse aus der Metallschmelze hat, wobei der Reinheitsgrad der Metallschmelze innerhalb einer kurzen Eintauchzeit des kohlenstoffgebundenen Filters ansteigt. Der in der reinen aktiven Filtration erzielte Reinheitsgrad ist deutlich niedriger als im Falle der reaktiven Reinigung. Des Weiteren befasst sich die Arbeit mit dem Effekt der Turbulenzmodellierung auf die Beschreibung der Schmelzeströmung und der Verteilung der Einschlüsse. Weiterhin stellt die Arbeit ein experimentelles Wassermodell zur Nachbildung der rezirkulierenden Schmelzeströmung im Induktionsofen vor.:Abstract List of figures List of Tables Nomenclature 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Numerical Model 4 Results 5 Summary and Conclusion 6 Outlook Bibliography / During the continuous casting, non-metallic inclusions such as deoxidation or reoxidation products may arise in steel melt due to different reactions. These inclusions have to be removed from the melt with the aim of improving the cleanliness of steel products. There are many approaches in continuous casting to enhance inclusion removal from the melt. However, this Phd thesis focuses particularly on inclusion removal by reactive cleaning and active filtration during the melt casting in an induction crucible furnace using ceramic foam filter developed in CRC 920. For this purpose, a numerical model is developed in OpenFOAM in order to simulate the melt flow and reactive cleaning as well as active filtration. Besides the numerical model, an experimental water model are created to validate the capability of the numerical model to predict the recirculating turbulent flow in the induction crucible furnace. The results show that reactive cleaning and the formation of carbon monoxide bubbles, which arise on the inclusions, have a positive impact on the melt cleanliness. Reactive cleaning can improve inclusion removal and enhance the melt cleanliness sufficiently. Based on the results, one can conclude that the rate of inclusion removal in case of reactive cleaning is considerably higher than that in case of active filtration. Furthermore, the results indicate the considerable influence of filter position and filter number on the flow field as well as on the cleaning efficiency in the induction crucible furnace. Moreover, the results shows that turbulence modeling has a considerable impact on the prediction of the melt flow and inclusion dispersion in the induction crucible furnace.:Abstract List of figures List of Tables Nomenclature 1 Introduction 2 State of the Art 3 Numerical Model 4 Results 5 Summary and Conclusion 6 Outlook Bibliography

Für die Reinigungseffizienz ist die Kenntnis des Wirkzusammenhangs zwischen Schmutzbeschaffenheit und Reinigungsverhalten bedeutsam, da der Reinigungsbedarf von den Schmutzeigenschaften bestimmt wird. Bisher ist jedoch unzureichend dokumentiert, worauf der Reinigungsbedarf von kohäsiven Lebensmittelrückständen im immergierten System zurückgeführt werden kann. Anhand von Reinigungsuntersuchungen in einer Fließzelle werden die Auswirkungen physikochemischer Schmutzparameter (z.B. elektrisches Potential, energetischer Zustand, Molekülgröße) von Proteinen und Stärken getestet, um Empfehlungen für eine ressourceneffiziente Reinigungspraxis abzuleiten. Die Vielfalt der physikochemischen Eigenschaften von Lebensmittelinhaltsstoffen wird durch gezielte Modifizierung (physikalisch, chemisch, enzymatisch) simuliert und unter Anwendung verschiedener Analysetechniken charakterisiert. Die vorgestellte Durchflusszelle ermöglicht vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Abtragsverhalten an einer Vielzahl von Verschmutzungen in verschiedenen Messkonfigurationen. Es konnten Prozessbedingungen (Fließrate, Temperatur) identifiziert werden und die Genauigkeit der Fließmethode durch Vergleich von spektroskopisch und gravimetrisch ermittelten Abtragswerten gezeigt werden. Die Reinigungsuntersuchungen an Polymerverschmutzungen zeigten eine deutliche Differenzierung hinsichtlich Polymerart und pH der Modifizierung und können auf Lifschitz van der Waals- oder elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen zurückgeführt werden. Die Auswirkungen hitzeinduzierter Strukturveränderungen und der Proteinvernetzung waren nicht signifikant. Der Grad der enzymatischen Stärkehydrolyse wurde über rheologische Messungen und den DE-Wert charakterisiert, wobei mit zunehmender Inkubationsdauer die Reinigungseffizienz in ähnlicher Weise zur Löslichkeit steigt. Die Anwendung eines Enzymreinigers aus Diastase verbesserte signifikant die Reinigungseffizienz von Stärke- sowie Dextrinverschmutzungen und es wurde eine Modellvorstellung abgeleitet, nach der geringer kationisch geladene, niederenergetische und niedermolekulare Rückstände einen kleineren Reinigungsbedarf erfordern.

The major sorting station of biosynthetic material destined for the cell surface or secretion is the trans Golgi Network, TGN. This organelle sorts proteins and lipids into vesicular transport carriers that are targeted via different pathways to distinct membrane compartments of the cell. The molecular principles that operate in cargo sorting at the TGN are still not very well understood. Especially, we know very little about the sorting of lipids. It was postulated that a sorting mechanism based on clustering of lipid rafts, dynamic membrane domains enriched in sphingolipids and sterols, could be an important part of the picture. My thesis study dealt with the elucidation of the molecular sorting principles at the TGN and their exploitation for cell surface polarity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To this end, we conducted a genome wide screen that identified yeast mutants defective in cell surface delivery of the model cargo protein FusMid-GFP. The most striking result of this screen was that mutant strains with defects in ergosterol (the major yeast sterol) and sphingolipid biosynthesis lost sorting competence. To elucidate a direct role for sphingolipids and ergosterol in cargo sorting and secretion we sought to characterize the lipid composition of secretory vesicles. Hence, we established a vesicle purification protocol based on an immunoisolation strategy. Additionally, in collaboration with the group of A. Shevchenko, we developed a mass spectrometry methodology that allows the comprehensive and quantitative lipid analysis of subcellular organelles. Preliminary results corroborate our genetic evidence. The data show that the vesicles are enriched in sphingolipids and decreased in phosphatidylcholine indicating a role for raft clustering in cargo sorting at the TGN. The studies of cell polarity during yeast mating also unraveled a role for raft clustering. We could identify that the lipid bilayer at the tip of the mating projection was more ordered than at the plasma membrane enclosing the cell body and that this was dependent on sphingolipid synthesis. The results of my thesis suggest that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae fundamental cell biological processes such as cargo sorting and vesicle formation at the TGN as well as cell surface polarity during mating employ raft clustering mechanisms.

An LKW-Achsen werden hohe Anforderungen an Sauberkeit und Lackhaftung gestellt. Lackbenetzungsstörende Substanzen (LBS) müssen deshalb vor dem Lackierprozess entfernt werden. Ohne eine inlinefähige 100%-Kontrolle auf LBS können die Qualitätsanforderungen nicht erreicht werden. Am Beispiel einer inlinefähigen Detektion von LBS wird auf die Vorgehensweise bei F&E-Projekten des Fraunhofer IVV eingegangen: Anpassung des Messsystems an den Anwendungsfall, Erprobung der Messung am realen Objekt, Erstellung von Konzepten zur Umsetzung der Mess- und Kontrollaufgabe, Integration des Detektionsmoduls in die Fertigungslinie

No description available.

Antifungal proteins were isolated from the crude bacterial supernatant using ammonium sulfate salt precipitation followed by passage over DEAE -cellulose and Biogel P100 columns. The purified protein had an apparent molecular mass of 14 kDa. Its antifungal activity was retained even at 100°C, for 60 min. The results of protein identification using MALDI -TOF/TOF mass spectrometer suggested that the purified protein is indeed a chitin binding protein that has 206 acid amine containing chitin -bind -3 region with a relative molecular mass of 22230 Da. / Protein có hoạt tính kháng nấm được tinh sạch từ dịch ngoại bào chủng vi khuẩn Bacillus subtilis sau khi qua ba bước tinh sạch: tủa muối ammonium sulphate 30-70%, qua cột sắc ký trao đổi ion DEAE – cellulose và cột săc ký lọc gel Biogel P100. Protein tinh sạch có khối lượng phân tử đạt 22 kDa trên điện di SDS-PAGE. Hoạt tính kháng nấm của protein tinh sạch vẫn còn duy trì khi ủ ở 100°C trong 60 phút. Kết quả nhận dạng bằng khối phổ MALDI -TOF/TOF đã chỉ ra rằng protein bền nhiệt này là chitin binding protein được mã hóa bởi 206 acid amin cùng với khối lượng phân tử là 22230 Da. trị an toàn đối với Al và Atrazie trong môi trường nước tự nhiên về khía cạnh bảo vệ sức khỏe sinh thái.

In order to improve the production of acarbose, the fermentation medium of acarbose-producing strain Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161 – L14 mutant was optimized in this internship. Fractional factorial design was employ to investigate the influences of glucose, maltose and corn power on acarbose production (by a-glucosidase inhibitory ability). Two significant factors: glucose and maltose have significant and positive effects on acarbose amount. In addition, a model was obtained from the regression results of fractional factorial experiment. Other success, we demonstrated that chromatography by active charcoal column can used to purify acarbose from fermentation broth. Acarbose amount in purification solution was 191.5 g/L and an acarbose - purification process was inducted. / Nhằm mục đích nâng cao khả năng sinh tổng hợp hoạt chất acarbose từ chủng đột biến Actinoplanes sp. KCTC 9161-L14, môi trường lên men của chủng dùng để sản xuất acarbose đã được tối ưu hóa. Một phần mềm thiết kế đã được thiết lập để khảo sát ảnh hưởng của glucose, maltose và bột ngô đến khả năng sản xuất acarbose (thông qua hoạt tính ức chế a-glucosidase). Kết quả đã cho thấy, hai yếu tố glucose và maltose có ý nghĩa quan trọng và ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến khả năng sinh tổng hợp acarbose. Một phương trình đã được hình thành từ kết quả tối ưu. Bên cạnh đó, chúng tôi đã chứng minh được cột sắc ký sử dụng than hoạt tính có thể tinh sạch acarbose từ dịch lên men. Hàm lượng acarbose trong dung dịch tinh sạch đạt 191,5 g/l và một quy trình tinh sạch acarbose được đề xuất.

Stabile und effiziente industrielle Reinigungsprozesse gehören zu den Schlüsseltechnologien in der heutigen komplexen Fertigung. Die Entwicklung neuer Prozessführungsstrategien, der Einsatz modernster Systeme bei der Überwachung des Reinigungserfolgs und der Prozessqualität sowie die Anpassung an die Anforderungen von Industrie 4.0 sind daher wichtige Schwerpunkte für zukünftige Reinigungstechnologien. Als Forum zum Erfahrungsaustausch und zur Diskussion neuer Ideen und Projekte zu diesen Themen - von der Prozessoptimierung über Reinigungstests mit verschiedenen Verfahren bis zur Analyse von Qualitätsproblemen – veranstalteten das Fraunhofer IVV Dresden und die Wirtschaftsförderung Sachsen GmbH (WFS) am 7. Juni 2018 die Projektwerkstatt 'Industrielle Reinigungstechnologien'. Zur Vorbereitung der Projektwerkstatt wurde eine Umfrage als Bestandteil der Anmeldung durchgeführt. In kurzen Fachvorträgen vermittelten Experten aus Forschung und Praxis einen Überblick über die neuesten Erkenntnisse und Zukunftstrends.:1. Dr. Uwe Lienig (Wirtschaftsförderung Sachsen GmbH): Industrielle Forschungsprojekte initiieren – Die Projektwerkstatt der WFS 2. Stephan Schammer (Continental Automotive GmbH): Sauberkeitskonzept bei der Continental Automotive GmbH in Limbach-Oberfrohna 3. Dr. Michael Flämmich (VACOM Vakuum Komponenten & Messtechnik GmbH): Bauteilsauberkeit – aktuelle Herausforderungen in der Prozesskette 4. Felix Schricker (Fraunhofer IVV Dresden): Lernfabrik Industrielle Bauteilreinigung - Entwicklung eines Test- & Schulungszentrums 5. Vico Seifert (Fraunhofer IVV Dresden): Lernfabrik Industrielle Bauteilreinigung - Angewandte F&E am Beispiel einer inlinefähigen Detektion lackbenetzungsstörender Substanzen