Heng Wang

The goal of this elaborate work was to describe the most often medication misconducts, errors and risks during the intravenous drug administration and dilution in the field of primary care in the Intensive Care Unit - ICU. My interest was to find out about local ICU's standards and regulations and to survey how knowledgeable nursing stuff is towards medication hazard regulation and its affect. The first theoretical part concentrates on conception of IV drug administration and dilution. It charts and shows the situation at the current time. Empirical section of my elaborate work shows findings based upon questionnaire. It serves the purpose of hypothesis verification and confirms the goals of my study. Obtained information should be a foundation for future processing and utilization standards regulation or recommendation how to safely administrate intravenous drugs.

The purpose of the research work outlined in this thesis is to determine what impact the new test for exclusion developed in Grant and Harrison has had on exclusionary trends in Canada, to assess this new three-factor approach and to provide recommendations for improvement. To this end, I conducted an empirical survey of section 24(2) cases rendered in 2012 across Canada. Based on the results of this survey, I describe the current trends for exclusion in relation to the three lines of inquiry and the Charter right at issue. I also examine the application of the test to varying types of evidence. The survey found a high rate of exclusion in the 73% range. The survey results show that developing trends do not match the predictions made by the SCC in Grant about how exclusion would operate in relation to different types of evidence. For example, there was a higher than expected rate of exclusion for breath sample results. Moreover, there was a low exclusion rate for guns as compared to the high exclusion rate for other types of non-bodily physical evidence. The rate of exclusion for section 10(b) breaches was lower than expected given the importance of the Charter interests that section 10(b) protects. The Grant rationale and the discretionary approach to exclusion are, in my view, generally satisfactory. However the test could be improved. As regards the first Grant factor, there was considerable variation in the assessment of the seriousness of the violation given the fact-specific nature of the inquiry. For greater consistency and transparency, the test, in future, should not incorporate the good faith doctrine. Police conduct should be assessed on the basis on a scale of intentionality ranging from negligent to deliberate conduct, rather than the current process of labeling police conduct as good or bad faith. Moreover, the doctrine of discoverability should be abandoned. The focus should be placed on the events that actually occurred rather than on whether police could have obtained the evidence by legal means. / Thesis (Master, Law) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-30 20:10:02.008

1 SUMMARY The nullity plea is one of the three extraordinary remedies provided for in the Civil Procedure Code. Its purpose is to correct substantial procedural errors that occurred in judicial decisions or in the preceding civil proceedings. If one of the nullity grounds, regulated by Article 229 of the Civil Procedure Code, is present and all other conditions of admissibility are fulfilled, the court cancels the earlier final decision which terminated the proceedings, regardless of whether or not it is correct from the matter-of-fact point of view. The nullity plea represents a unique institute that solves the conflict between the interest in protecting legal certainty founded by a final decision of the court, and the interest in a defective decision being eliminated. The conditions of its admissibility are therefore set so as to only limit its application to cases in which the second interest prevails. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to provide a complex analysis of the nullity plea, in particular the conditions of its admissibility and the proceedings pertaining thereto. It is divided into six chapters. Chapter One describes the historical development of the nullity plea; nevertheless, it is not only restricted to this institute, but also contains a description of other remedies which were used to...

Die Kurzfassung Diese Arbeit stellt einen Exkurs ins strafverfahrenlichen Institut der Untersuchungshaft vor. Sie widmet sich vor allem den Voraussetzungen und den Gründen für die Möglichkeit der Haftverfolgung. In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wird diese Problematik oft wie sog. das materielle Untersuchungshaftrecht genannt. Dieses Thema wählte ich vornehmlich für die Kontroverse der Untersuchungshaft, weil sie mit den vielen menschlichen Grundrechten kollidiert. Die Arbeit wird in sieben Kapitel gegliedert. In den ersten Kapiteln werden die Gründe der Regelung, die theoretischen Definitionen und vor allem die Maximen, darauf dieses Institut aufgebaut wird, angeführt. Die Maximen sind sehr wichtig vor allem für die Anwendung in der Praxis. Die Untersuchungshaft stellt nämlich ein von den schwersten Eingriffen im Freiheitsrecht vor, deshalb werden hier auch die Forderungen der Urkunde der Menschenrechte und der Freiheiten, der Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention und des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte angedeutet. In dem dritten und zweiten Kapitel folgt die Aufzählung der nötigen Voraussetzungen für die Untersuchungshaftentscheidung. Schrittweise wird die Notwendigkeit der Beschuldigung, des dringenden Verdacht von der Straftatbegehung oder die Unterlagen für Gerichtsentscheidung...

Regular Appeal in civil proceedings As it is the case in ordinary life also in judicial decision making, errors cannot always be omitted. A judicial decision can suffer from various defects that may have different characteristics or the judicial decision may not necessary suffer from such defects, but the litigants may consider it as defective due to them being unsatisfied with the unfavorable outcome. For this reason, the civil procedural code contains institutes that enable the modification, revocation or affirmation of a judicial decision. These institutes constitute the appellate procedure are subdivided into regular and extraordinary, depending on whether the litigants are appealing a decision that has already became valid or not. The aim of this diploma thesis is to focus on the current legal regulation of the appellate procedure with a strong emphasis on regular appeal in dispute proceedings. I chose this topic as the focus of my diploma thesis because it is the only regular remedy contained in the czech civil procedural code and therefore the most commonly used in judicial practice and also the one, I am most familiar with from my own professional experience. The fundamentals of the appellate proceedings are contained in the Act no. 99/1963 coll., civil procedural code, which regulates the...

This paper begins by establishing a theory of systemic racism that has three aspects: a genetic, functional, and ontological aspect. I aim to show the anti-black racism meets all of these three aspects of systemic racism. I base my conception of systemic racism in the theories of Joe Feagin, Cheryl Harris, Christopher Lebron, Charles Mills, and Tommie Shelby. I understand anti-black racism to be pervasive amongst U.S institutions and the ideologies of citizens in a way that facilitates the school-to-prison pipeline. I present evidence of anti-black racism in the education system, the policing of Blacks, and the sentencing of Blacks. I ultimately propose a partial remedy to systemic racism through a change in the history curricula across American schools.

Illness is the painful and uncomfortable body state. It would endanger the healthy and even determine the life. People who were attack by disease could not perform in the role of socialization, and they would become the encumbrance of the healthy people. Therefore people develop the strategy which is research the medical therapy for counteract disease. After time the medical therapy get progress and become the medical system. The arrangement of medical resources, organization of medical supply and service, and efficiently medical management are the important fundamental elements of the medical system. According to protect public interest and constitutional right of people, the nation should administrate the medical system because of it is related to maintenance of social order, improvement of people health and life. The nation administrate medical matters by authorize medical self-administration, legislative administration, Executive administration and justice administration, in consideration of the medical professional self control deficiency. When there is coincidence between the administrative methods or means that is dealt with the principles as fallow: ¡§neb is in idem¡¨ , ¡§give a heavier punishment¡¨ or the criminal penalty is superior. The methods of remedy include the amendment, the referendum, administrative appeal, administrative produce, asking for state liability, the inner approach of medical autonomy. This study focus on nation administrate the medical system and the research scope involve: the medical worker; the medical institute (the hospital), the publish health (the control of infectious diseases, e.g. SARS ) , the medical advertisement and the medical waste material. The purpose of this study is which clarify and find out the advantage and disadvantage of the national administration of medical system through analysis overall the administration of medical system at present.

Trade remedy measures (TRMs) in international economic law refer to antidumping measures, countervailing duties and safeguard measures. They are designed to respond to unfair trade practices or to compensate the negative impact on domestic industries resulting from tariff concessions made under the trade liberalization arrangements. Due to the importance of these instruments, the rules on TRMs are strengthened in the WTO legal framework and established on non-discriminatory basis towards all WTO Members. However, with the proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTA) in recent decades, it was noticed that, most RTAs adopted innovative approaches on TRMs among their regional partners. Such incoherence has brought a series of trade disputes and arguments concerning the conflicts between the WTO and RTA. Current central issues in this area are whether those innovative TRMs are consistent with WTO law and what is the appropriate approach to examine the legality of those measures. Against the canvas of WTO trade remedy rules, this research first investigates the diversified trade remedy approaches in RTAs and their impact on international trade. It then clarifies the ambiguous legal criteria against which TRMs in RTAs should be judged in order to be WTO-consistent. Thereafter, a methodology through which a RTA-specific TRM could be tested against the WTO’s criteria is also developed. It is argued that facilitating TRMs in RTAs must always adhere to the criteria laid down by the WTO, e.g. GATT Article XXIV. In particular, a “necessity test” should be applied when examining the legality of a special TRM in RTAs, in the case where a dispute arises between the RTA members and third countries on the issue. In order to bring the RTA-specific TRMs into compliance with WTO law, this research also looks at the WTO surveillance mechanism on RTAs. Considering a number of difficulties that have arisen in the GATT/WTO’s surveillance of RTAs in the past, the thesis addresses what positive measures can be taken in the future and whether TRMs in RTAs should be scrutinized by WTO political organs or through the dispute settlement mechanism.

abstract: Drinking vinegar is a popularly discussed remedy for relieving heartburn symptom, as can be read on many websites; however, there has been no scientific research or theory to support its efficacy. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over research study tested the efficacy of the organic apple cider vinegar, with mother, on alleviation of the heartburn symptom related to Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). A minimum of one week separated the four trial arms: chili (placebo), antacid after chili meal (positive control), vinegar added to chili, and diluted vinegar after chili meal. Twenty grams of vinegar were used in both vinegar treatments, and 10 grams of liquid antacid were used in the antacid trial. A five-point Likert scale and a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess heartburn severity during a 120 minutes testing time. Seven of 15 recruited subjects' data was usable for statistical analysis (age: 39.6 ± 12.2 y, body mass index (BMI): 29.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, waist circumference: 36.4 ± 4.1 inch). There was no statistically significant difference among the mean and incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC) heartburn scores among different trials (Likert scale questionnaire p= .259, VAS questionnaire p= .659, iAUC Likert scale p= .184, iAUC VAS p= .326). Seven participants were further divided into antacid responder (n=4) and antacid non-responder groups (n=3). Likert scale mean heartburn score and iAUC data in antacid responder group had significant finding (p= .034 and p= .017 respectively). The significance lay between antacid and 'vinegar added to chili' trials. Effect size was also used to interpret data due to the small sample size: Likert scale: mean heartburn score= .444, iAUC= .425; VAS mean heartburn score= .232, iAUC .611. Effect size for antacid responder group was Likert scale: mean heartburn score= .967, iAUC= .936. Future research is needed to examine whether ingesting organic vinegar benefits alleviation of heartburn symptom related to GERD for people who do not respond well to antacid. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2016