Abamectin is a blend of B1a and B1b avermectins that is being used as a seed treatment to control plant-parasitic nematodes on cotton. Data on the toxicity of abamectin and its effectiveness as a seed treatment to control Meloidogyne incognita or Rotylenchulus reniformis on cotton are lacking. The toxicity of abamectin was based on an assay of nematode mobility, LD50 values of 1.56 µg/ml and 32.9 µg/ml were calculated based on 2 hr exposure for M. incognita and R. reniformis, respectively. There was no recovery of either nematode after exposure for 1 hr to its LD50 concentration. Sublethal concentrations greater than 0.39 µg/ml for M. incognita and 8.2 µg/ml for R. reniformis reduced (P = 0.05) infectivity on tomato. In field trials, suppression (P = 0.05) of M. incognita was observed 32 DAP by abamectin seed treatment whereas no suppression of R. reniformis was observed. No suppression of M. incognita was perceived by abamectin seed treatment in microplots. Suppression of M. incognita was observed in microplots by harpinEA and harpingαβ as a seed treatment and foliar spray, respectively. Seed cotton yields were variable for abamectin-treated seed, but numerically positive for harpin-treated cotton. Initial gall formation on developing taproots was suppressed (P = 0.001), and penetration of 5-cm long taproots by M. incognita and R. reniformis was numerically suppressed by abamectin-treated compared to non-treated seed, but infection increased with root development. Using an assay of nematode mobility, the proportion of dead second-stage juveniles (J2) was higher (P = 0.05) following exposure to an excised radicle from abamectin-treated seed than non-treated seed, but lower (P = 0.05) than J2 exposed to the abamectin-treated seed coat. Thus a higher concentration of abamectin remained on the seed coat than emerging radicle. The concentration of abamectin transferred from the seed coat to the developing roots was limited, which contributed to the variability in suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes on cotton.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 corbani_rz_dr_jabo.pdf: 1269053 bytes, checksum: bdd1f9eb7c4759323348b6f58db3d09d (MD5) / Biocarbo Industria e Comercio / No Japão, uma solução aquosa, referida como extrato pirolenhoso, resultante da carbonização de madeira ou bambu, obtida através da condensação da fumaça, vem sendo estudada com fins agrícolas, inclusive como alternativa para os defensivos químicos convencionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® sobre a eclosão e a atividade de juvenis de segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne. javanica e Tylenchulus semipenetrans, sobre o manejo de populações de nematóides, a campo, em cana-deaçúcar e citros, e em alface sob ambiente protegido. No Laboratório de Nematologia do Departamento de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, foram preparadas câmaras de eclosão para a avaliação do extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol®, em diferentes concentrações, variando de 0,5% até 2,0%, sobre a eclosão e atividade dos nematóides in vitro. Nos experimentos a campo, as concentrações do produto variaram de 0,5% até 8,0%. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que o extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® reduz a eclosão de juvenis de M. incognita, de M. javanica e de T. semipenetras in vitro e a formação de galhas formadas por M. incognita e por M. javanica em raízes de tomateiro. Nas concentrações de até 4%, não foi eficaz para a redução da população de Pratylenchus zeae e Meloidogyne sp. em cana-de-açúcar e de T. semipenetrans em laranjeira “Natal’ enxertada sobre limoeiro cravo. Nas concentrações de até 8,0%, também, não foi eficaz para a redução da população de Rotylenchulus reniformis e M. incognita em alface ‘Lucy Brown’, em ambiente protegido. / In Japan, an aqueous solution resulting from the carbonization of wood or bamboo, obtained by the condensation of smoke, referred to as pyroligneous acid has been studied with agricultural purposes, including as an alternative to the conventional chemical control of pests and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® on the hatching and activity of second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita, M. Javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans; as well as on the management of populations of nematodes, at field conditions in sugar cane and citrus and lettuce under protected environment. In Nematology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus of Jaboticabal, hatching chambers were prepared for the evaluation of different concentrations ranging from 0.5 % until 2.0 % of the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® on the hatching and activity of the nematodes in vitro. In the field experiments, the concentrations of the product ranged from 0.5% to 8.0%. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test of a 5% probability. Results showed that the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® reduces the hatching of the second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, M. Javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in vitro. Also, reduces the formation of galls by M. incognita and M. Javanica in roots of tomato. At the concentrations of up to 4% was not effective in reducing the population of Pratylenchus zeae and Meloidogyne sp. in sugar cane and of Tyelenchulus semipenetras in orange cv. Natal grafted on Rangpur lime. In concentrations of up to 8,0% has not been effective in reducing the population of Rotylenchulus reniformis and M. incognita in lettuce cv. Lucy Brown in protected environment.

Resumo: No Japão, uma solução aquosa, referida como extrato pirolenhoso, resultante da carbonização de madeira ou bambu, obtida através da condensação da fumaça, vem sendo estudada com fins agrícolas, inclusive como alternativa para os defensivos químicos convencionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® sobre a eclosão e a atividade de juvenis de segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne. javanica e Tylenchulus semipenetrans, sobre o manejo de populações de nematóides, a campo, em cana-deaçúcar e citros, e em alface sob ambiente protegido. No Laboratório de Nematologia do Departamento de Fitossanidade da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, foram preparadas câmaras de eclosão para a avaliação do extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol®, em diferentes concentrações, variando de 0,5% até 2,0%, sobre a eclosão e atividade dos nematóides in vitro. Nos experimentos a campo, as concentrações do produto variaram de 0,5% até 8,0%. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados evidenciaram que o extrato pirolenhoso Biopirol® reduz a eclosão de juvenis de M. incognita, de M. javanica e de T. semipenetras in vitro e a formação de galhas formadas por M. incognita e por M. javanica em raízes de tomateiro. Nas concentrações de até 4%, não foi eficaz para a redução da população de Pratylenchus zeae e Meloidogyne sp. em cana-de-açúcar e de T. semipenetrans em laranjeira "Natal' enxertada sobre limoeiro cravo. Nas concentrações de até 8,0%, também, não foi eficaz para a redução da população de Rotylenchulus reniformis e M. incognita em alface 'Lucy Brown', em ambiente protegido. / Abstract: In Japan, an aqueous solution resulting from the carbonization of wood or bamboo, obtained by the condensation of smoke, referred to as pyroligneous acid has been studied with agricultural purposes, including as an alternative to the conventional chemical control of pests and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® on the hatching and activity of second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita, M. Javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans; as well as on the management of populations of nematodes, at field conditions in sugar cane and citrus and lettuce under protected environment. In Nematology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Câmpus of Jaboticabal, hatching chambers were prepared for the evaluation of different concentrations ranging from 0.5 % until 2.0 % of the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® on the hatching and activity of the nematodes in vitro. In the field experiments, the concentrations of the product ranged from 0.5% to 8.0%. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey test of a 5% probability. Results showed that the pyroligneous acid Biopirol® reduces the hatching of the second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita, M. Javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in vitro. Also, reduces the formation of galls by M. incognita and M. Javanica in roots of tomato. At the concentrations of up to 4% was not effective in reducing the population of Pratylenchus zeae and Meloidogyne sp. in sugar cane and of Tyelenchulus semipenetras in orange cv. Natal grafted on Rangpur lime. In concentrations of up to 8,0% has not been effective in reducing the population of Rotylenchulus reniformis and M. incognita in lettuce cv. Lucy Brown in protected environment. / Orientador: Jaime Maia dos Santos / Coorientador: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta / Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi / Banca: Júlio Cesar Galli / Banca: Clélia Aparecida Iunes Lapera / Banca: Fábio Mazzoneto / Doutor

In this work, different Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode population numbers affecting cotton plants were spectrally classified using Self-Organized Maps. The hyperspectral reflectance of cotton plants affected by different nematode population numbers were analyzed in order to extract information from the signal that would lead to a fieldworthy methodology for predicting nematode population numbers extant in a plant's rhizosphere. Hyperspectral reflectances from both control and field nematode infestations were used in this work. Various feature extraction and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., PCA, DWT, and SOM-based methods) were used to extract a reduced set of features. These extracted features were then classified using a supervised SOM classification method. Additionally, this work explores the possibility of combining the standard feature extraction methods with self-organized maps to extract a reduced set of features in order to increase classification accuracies.

L'objectiu d'aquest treball ha estat l'estudi del gènere Kallymenia a la Península Ibèrica i a lesIlles Balears, el qual es troba representat per les espècies següents: K. reniformis (Turner) J.Agardh, K. feldmannii Codomier, K. lacerata Feldmann, K. requienii (J. Agardh) J. Agardh, K.patens (J. Agardh) P.G. Parkinson i K. spathulata (J. Agardh) P.G. Parkinson.En aquesta monografia es descriuen les principals característiques morfològiques i vegetatives itambé els tetrasporangis de totes les espècies de la Península Ibèrica i de les Illes Balears. Tambées descriuen les estructures reproductores i els estadis de postfertilització de totes, excepte de K. patens i K. spathulata, espècies més rares que les altres i per a les quals no hem pogut aportaraquesta informació. Les dades s'acompanyen amb una iconografia original a base de dibuixos ifotografies i amb una clau de determinació pels tàxons estudiats. També es detalla la corologiade les diferents espècies, el seu hàbitat i la seva fenologia.