This diploma thesis deals with an experimental analysis of knee joint replacement lubrication. The experiments were realized at a knee joint simulator which can apply conditions according to certain standard and survey the phenomena by using fluorescence microscopy. The aim of thesis is to clarify the influence of particular components of synovial fluid on the lubrication process. The intensity of fluorescence expresses dimensionless parameter of a lubrication film thickness. There was a fundamental study with mineral oils before the experiments with the synovial fluid. The study allows to have a look at contact transformation during walk. Results are shown in graphs as dependency of intensity on time, including pictures showing phenomena in the contact zone. Experiment results show that protein -globulin creates a layer on the surface. There is albumin on the layer and it makes the lubricating film thicker. The protein interaction is supported by hyaluronic acid and fosfolipids which stabilizes the created structure. According to lubrication is behaviour of film related to a complex structure of synovial fluid. Thesis gives more information about behaviour of synovial fluid and can be used for future development of knee replacements.

This master´s thesis deals with the experimental analysis of the coefficient of friction and lubrication film in total knee replacement. The experiments are performed on a knee joint simulator, with an implemented module for measuring friction. To observe film formation, fluorescent microscopy is used. The experiments are mainly focused on a detailed description of the influence of parameters occurring during the gait cycle. This approach should significantly help in describing the tribological processes that occur in the total knee replacement. The results confirm previous investigations in terms of axial load, where the coefficient of friction decreases with the increasing load. In the case of lubrication film, no significant changes are observed. On the contrary, while investigating the influence of SRR, noticeable changes in film formation are observed while the coefficient of friction being unaffected. While describing the whole gait cycle, precise results are obtained only in the first half of the cycle as the second half is accompanied by the occurrence of large deviations from a rapid decrease of load. This work provides a better understanding of the field of lubrication film in total knee replacements. Moreover, thanks to the simultaneous measurement of the coefficient of friction and the observation of the contact area, it is possible to draw better conclusions than if the experiments had been carried out separately.

Die Regeneration und Rekonstruktion von Knochendefekten stellt eine klinische Herausforderung dar. Überschreitet ein knöcherner Defekt eine kritische Größe, ist das Regenerationsvermögen des Körpers nicht ausreichend, um den Defekt vollständig mit Knochengewebe zu schließen. Um das Einwachsen von Bindegewebe und den Verlust der Stützfunktion des Knochens zu verhindern, ist es notwendig, einen solchen Defekt mit einem Knochenersatzmaterial zu versorgen. Bei Patienten mit einer systemischen Skeletterkrankung, wie Osteoporose, liegen erschwerte Bedingungen für den Heilungsprozess vor. Osteoporose bedingt ist die Remodellierung des Knochens beeinträchtigt. Dies äußert sich in einer verzögerten Knochenheilung sowie in einer veränderten Knochenarchitektur und entstehenden Mikrofrakturen. Die Kombination aus der Fragilität des osteoporotischen Knochens und einer altersbedingten erhöhten Sturzgefahr resultiert in einem mit zunehmendem Alter steigenden Frakturrisiko. Knochendefekte und pathologische Frakturen, die Patienten im Verlauf einer postmenopausalen oder altersbedingten Osteoporose entwickeln, betreffen häufig die Wirbelsäule oder den Schenkel-hals. Die nur langsam oder nahezu nicht heilenden Frakturen gehen nicht nur mit Schmerzen einher, sondern schränken die Patienten auch funktionell in ihrem Alltag ein und können zur Pflegebedürftigkeit und Bettlägerigkeit führen. Die medizinische Versorgung solcher Defekte und Frakturen mit geeigneten Knochenersatzmaterialien ist nicht nur eine klinische, sondern eine interdisziplinäre Problemstellung.

This thesis describes the reconstruction network 10 kV HV networks in a teaching hospital in the transition to a new 22 kV voltage level according to valid regulations. The paper describes the current state of technological equipment and its gradual replacement with new technology at 22 kV voltage level in each power units so as not to limit the operation of the hospital. For this purpose, the new backup system for rotating spare resources. The thesis deals with new input distribution, which will serve as a transfer point between the customer and distributor of electricity as well as advance the existing technological equipment.

This work is focused on a solving of problems regarding a total hip replacement with a fractured femur. The fracture is located in the distal end of the total joint replacement stem and the fracture is spreading in the proximal direction on the boundary of the bone and cement. A proximal part of femur is reinforced by fixing tape. There is also briefly described how computer models were carried out. Furthermore a stress - strain analysis of solved system has been performed in this work. The solution was realized using the finite element method in computational program ANSYS Workbench. Different variants with change of a fracture range and number of fixing tapes were considered during the solving. Stress - strain analysis shows that due a application of fourth fixing tape occurs lowering of main stresses values in the femur in fracture region. Simultaneously occurs a reduction of Equivalent stress values on a distal part of stem.

Diploma thesis is focus on marketing strategy of Heaven Labs, producer of powder food MANA. It covers analysis of powder food industry and proposes marketing approach for increasing awareness and increasing sales. Thesis contains theoretical part, current situation analysis and proposal.

The bacteria of genus Streptococci are among the most significant producers of hyaluronic acid in industrial scale. One of the typical representatives of that group is Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The production of hyaluronic acid in Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus is heavily influenced by cultivation conditions and by genetic alterations. The present work describes the deletion of genes covR and covS responsible for transcriptional regulation of stress response. According to Galeas a kol. [35] the deletion of these genes in S. pyogenes led to the hyaluronic acid capsule increase. As the S. pyogenes and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus share approx. 80 % of genome, it was assumed, that the deletion of genes covR and covS in Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus genome would lead to the higher hyaluronic acid production. The new strain SEZ covRS was obtained by allelic replacement mutagenesis. The cultivations performed in laboratory-scale fermenters in rich Wheat E1 medium showed approx. 9% higher production over parental strain. Therefore, the covRS regulation system plays the same role in Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and indirectly regulates the biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid.

This thesis deals with the experimental study of lubrication of hip joint replacements. The influence of the synovial fluid composition and the head material to the lubricating film thickness were asssesed by using a pendulum hip joint simulator. Both of these effects were assesed under static and dynamic loading conditions. The experimental results showed that the movement of the head against the cup is unnecessary for the separation of the rubbing surfaces by a layer of adsorbed proteins. Composition of the synovial fluid then significantly influences the thickness of the lubricating film. Two opposite extremes have been observed during tests with two model synovial fluids. The first fluid formed a very strong lubricating film. The second sample almost prevent adsorption of proteins and consequently formed only very thin lubricating film. The influence of the material is noticeable when comparing the results obtained with a metal head and ceramic heads. Metal head formes under the same conditions thicker lubricating film. This evidence may be partly influenced by different diametrical clearances, which were in the case of ceramic heads higher.

Orientador: João Antonio Galbiatti / Coorientador: Márcio José Santana / Banca: Américo Iorio Ciociola Júnior / Banca: Haroldo Silva Vallone / Banca: Carlos Eduardo Angeli Furlani / Banca: Rogério Teixeira de Faria / Resumo: Na produção de hortaliças é fator determinante a adubação aplicada nas dosagens corretas e a reposição de água no solo em quantidades ideais. A adubação com compostos orgânicos pode diminuir o custo da produção e proporcionar aumento da produtividade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos determinar os efeitos das reposições de água de irrigação na produtividade, e a dosagem do composto de lixo a ser utilizada na cultura do pimentão quando cultivada em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em estufa modelo arco com 280 m2. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 24 tratamentos em esquema fatorial de 6 x 4 (formas de adubação e reposição de água no solo, respectivamente). Quanto à adubação, foram seis formas: adubação mineral e adubação com composto de lixo orgânico (4 t ha-1, 8 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 e 16 t ha-1), mais uma testemunha sem adição de adubos. Quanto às reposições de água no solo foram de 70%, 100%, 130% e 160% da lâmina necessária para elevar o solo à capacidade de campo. Foram determinados o número de frutos, altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, eficiência do uso da água e a produtividade da cultura. Dentre os resultados, verificou-se que quando a reposição de água no solo foi efetuada integralmente (100% de reposição) a produtividade foi similar entre as adubações com composto de lixo orgânico de 16 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 e 8 t ha-1 / Abstract: In vegetables production, the correct dosages of applied fertilizer and replacement of water in the soil in optimal amounts is a determining factor. The fertilization with organic compounds can decrease the production cost and provide increased productivity. This study aimed to: determine the effects of different replacement of irrigation water in crop yield, and optimal dosage of organic compound to be used in sweet pepper when grown in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in a bow model greenhouse with 280 m2. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with 24 treatments in a factorial arrangement of 6 x 4 (types of fertilization and water replacement in the soil, respectively). As for fertilization, it's used six forms: fertilization with mineral fertilizer and organic compound (4 t ha-1, 8 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 and 16 t ha-1) and one as control, without addition of fertilizers. For the water replacement in the soil, it's used 70%, 100%, 130% and 160% of the blade to raise the soil at field capacity. It was determined the number of fruits, plants height, stalk diameter, efficiency of water use and crop productivity. Among the results, it was found that when the replacement of water in the soil was made in full (100% replacement) the productivity was similar between the fertilizer with organic waste compound of 16 t ha-1, 12 t ha-1 and 8 t ha-1 / Doutor

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden kapselumhüllte Hüftgelenkmodelle mit 22 – 44 mm Durchmesser durch Hebelwirkung luxiert, wobei die wirkende Kraft, die resultierende Dislokation und der intraartikuläre Absolutdruck kontinuierlich gemessen wurden. Parallel dazu wurde die technische Range of Motion bis zum Impingement und bis zur Luxation bestimmt. Die durchgeführten Hebelversuche ergaben bei Zunahme des Kopfdurchmessers eine erhebliche Zunahme des Luxationswiderstandes der untersuchten Gelenkmodelle. Im Gegensatz dazu ergab die Messung der technischen Range of Motion bei größerem Gelenkdurchmesser einen geringen Zuwachs, dessen praktische Wirksamkeit durch existierende Literatur auf Grund von Knochen-Knochen-Impingement in Zweifel gezogen wird (Burroughs et al. 2005). Die Hypothese ist somit anzunehmen. Die starke Zunahme des Luxationswiderstandes und die gering erweiterte techROM sprechen neben anderen Argumenten dafür, dass die permanente hüftstabilisierende Wirkung des atmosphärischen Druckes, die auch als Weber-Effekt bezeichnet werden kann, die Hauptursache für die deutlich verminderte Luxationsneigung größerer Köpfe nach hüftendoprothetischen Eingriffen darstellt. Daraus können folgende Konsequenzen für die Hüftendoprothetik abgeleitet werden: 1. Die Schonung und Rekonstruktion der Gelenkkapsel ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Wirksamkeit des Weber-Effektes. Zahlreiche Studien belegen, dass durch die Kapselrekonstruktion die Anzahl der von Luxationen betroffenen Patienten um 90 % gesenkt werden kann (Pellicci et al. 1998; Bottner und Pellicci 2006; Prietzel et al. 2014), weshalb die Kapselrekonstruktion zu empfehlen ist. 2. Gelenkköpfe mit größerem Durchmesser besitzen in Folge des Weber-Effektes eine wesentlich größere Gelenkstabilität bzw. einen höheren Luxationswiderstand. Daraus resultiert offensichtlich die klinisch nachgewiesene wesentlich geringere Luxationsra-te (Bistolfi et al. 2011; Howie et al. 2012, Zajonz et al. 2015). Gegenwärtige Nachteile größerer Köpfe wie höherer Abrieb und vermehrte Belastung von Pfannenveranke-rung und Konus müssen jedoch berücksichtigt werden. Der Einsatz größerer Gelenk-köpfe ist zukünftig in der Hüftendoprothetik anzustreben. Gegenwärtig ist bei normalem Luxationsrisiko und somit bei primären HTEP-Implantationen der Einsatz von Gelenkköpfen bis 36 mm Durchmesser vertretbar. Bei erhöhtem Luxationsrisiko (z. B. bei bestimmten HTEP-Revisionen) sind dagegen 40-mm- und 44-mm-Köpfe gerechtfertigt, soweit diese in Abhängigkeit vom Pfannendurchmesser realisierbar sind (Zajonz et al. 2015). 3. Der Einsatz einer intrakapsulären Redondrainage beschleunigt durch die Eliminierung eingedrungener Luft und durch die Minimierung des postoperativen Hämatoseroms die Restitution physiologischer Gelenkverhältnisse. Dies ist gleichfalls eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Wirksamkeit des Weber-Effektes und daher zu empfehlen (Prietzel et al. 2007).