The author Louis Pergaud (1882-1915) lived during a fascinating and complex period in the development of the French national identity. It was a time when various forms of nationalism, many fed by lingering memories of the disastrous defeat of 1870/71, came to exert an enormous influence on the evolution of political, social and artistic expression in France. La Guerre des boutons is an example of a literary work deeply marked by the nationalistic tendencies prevalent in Belle Époque France. Without being a nationalist manifesto, nor an allegory of the Franco-Prussian war, Pergaud’s novel is founded in a popular nationalism which developed within an intellectual and political context shaped by the memory of the “année terrible” (1870/71), and which promoted an attachment to a so-called ancestral homeland, in-group/out-group rivalry, as well as the policies of “revenge” and “national defense”. The research that went into supporting this thesis was firmly anchored in the belief that, though La Guerre des boutons may be appreciated as a text in isolate, it is best understood when viewed within a broad setting. Therefore, in addition to analyzing structural, thematic, textual and paratexual aspects of Pergaud’s novel, the present study draws heavily from the works of eminent historians, sociologists and linguists, as well as literary sources, in order to better understand the relationship between La Guerre des boutons and its context. In demonstrating the depth and sincerity of the nationalism underlying Louis Pergaud’s novel, this thesis challenges the notion that La Guerre des boutons is simply a “coming of age” story. It also questions the validity of interpretations that identify La Guerre des boutons as primarily a satirical tale whose message is strongly anti-war. The recognition of the work’s nationalist underpinnings leads to the realization of a need for an in-depth reexamination of the character of this novel, as well as of its place within the literary spectrum.

No description available.

Thèse de doctorat : Histoire : Metz : 2000. / 2000METZ006L. 386 ref.

The violent conflicts in the Northwest and Southwest provinces of Cameroon (Southern Cameroons) have obtained national and international attention. The government of Cameroon and armed separatists (Southern Cameroonians) have been called upon to address the root cause of the conflicts and reach a lasting peaceful settlement. This qualitative study is aimed at providing policy alternatives for the current conflict. The primary research question seeks to establish how the 1972 abolition of the federal system may have provided the impetus for the current conflicts. A second question addresses the options for resolving the conflict and the prospects of resolution. Data was collected from a focus group of 20 participants and from secondary data. Data analysis was completed using Jagar's critical discourse analysis. According to the findings of the study, the root cause of the current conflicts and the associated political, social, and economic issues can be attributed to the abolition of the federal system of governance. Policy alternatives to resolving the conflicts may require international mediation, an all-inclusive dialogue/negotiation without preconditions, the unconditional release of all in detention, a general and total ceasefire, and a general amnesty and resettlement program. This study may provide an understanding of the root cause of the conflicts and policy alternatives that will help restore peace, save lives, stabilize the region, and return dignity to the lives of the citizens.

Cette étude traitera de l'impact de la révolution russe en mouvement ouvrier de Rio Grande do Sul. La révolution russa a été un des plus importants processus historiques du siècle XX, en étant la première révolution ouvrière qui a survécu pour un long temps et est parvenue à élever des instituiciones durables. Pendant les premières années de la révolution russe dans le Rio Grande do Sul on vivait un moment de grand agitation entre les travailleurs avec la déflagration de grèves, la creatión de nouveaux syndicats et le surgissement de periodiques de classe. Dans ce contexte apparaissent les premières associations qui sont identifiées avec les idées de révolutionne russe, aussi apparaissent déclarations d'appui à la revolution et desir de suivre le chemin de la Russie des Soviets entre les militants ouvriers . Par cette réception et la période de mobilisation, je crée être nécessaire d'étudier comme la révolution russe a influencé les idées et les manières d'action du movimento ouvrier durant ces années, considérant l'idéologie des militants, ses origines éthniques et culturelles, leurs formes d'association et de combattre contre l'état et la bourgeoisie. / Esta dissertação tratará do impacto da revolução russa no movimento operário do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1917 e 1920. A revolução russa foi um dos processos históricos mais importantes do século XX, sendo a primeira revolução operária que sobreviveu por um longo tempo e conseguiu criar instituições duradouras. Durante os primeiros anos da revolução russa no Rio Grande do Sul se vivia um momento de grande agitação entre os trabalhadores, com a deflagração de greves, a criação de novos sindicatos e o surgimento de muitos jornais de classe. Neste contexto, aparecem as primeiras associações de trabalhadores que se diziam identificados com as idéias da revolução russa, também surgem declarações de apoio à revolução e desejo de seguir o caminho da Rússia dos Soviets entre os militantes operários. Por esta recepção e o período de mobilização, acredito ser necessário estudar como a revolução russa influenciou as idéias e as formas de ação do movimento operário do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando a ideologia dos militantes, suas origens étnicas e culturais, suas formas de associação e de luta contra o estado e a burguesia.

Cette étude traitera de l'impact de la révolution russe en mouvement ouvrier de Rio Grande do Sul. La révolution russa a été un des plus importants processus historiques du siècle XX, en étant la première révolution ouvrière qui a survécu pour un long temps et est parvenue à élever des instituiciones durables. Pendant les premières années de la révolution russe dans le Rio Grande do Sul on vivait un moment de grand agitation entre les travailleurs avec la déflagration de grèves, la creatión de nouveaux syndicats et le surgissement de periodiques de classe. Dans ce contexte apparaissent les premières associations qui sont identifiées avec les idées de révolutionne russe, aussi apparaissent déclarations d'appui à la revolution et desir de suivre le chemin de la Russie des Soviets entre les militants ouvriers . Par cette réception et la période de mobilisation, je crée être nécessaire d'étudier comme la révolution russe a influencé les idées et les manières d'action du movimento ouvrier durant ces années, considérant l'idéologie des militants, ses origines éthniques et culturelles, leurs formes d'association et de combattre contre l'état et la bourgeoisie. / Esta dissertação tratará do impacto da revolução russa no movimento operário do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1917 e 1920. A revolução russa foi um dos processos históricos mais importantes do século XX, sendo a primeira revolução operária que sobreviveu por um longo tempo e conseguiu criar instituições duradouras. Durante os primeiros anos da revolução russa no Rio Grande do Sul se vivia um momento de grande agitação entre os trabalhadores, com a deflagração de greves, a criação de novos sindicatos e o surgimento de muitos jornais de classe. Neste contexto, aparecem as primeiras associações de trabalhadores que se diziam identificados com as idéias da revolução russa, também surgem declarações de apoio à revolução e desejo de seguir o caminho da Rússia dos Soviets entre os militantes operários. Por esta recepção e o período de mobilização, acredito ser necessário estudar como a revolução russa influenciou as idéias e as formas de ação do movimento operário do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando a ideologia dos militantes, suas origens étnicas e culturais, suas formas de associação e de luta contra o estado e a burguesia.

Cette étude traitera de l'impact de la révolution russe en mouvement ouvrier de Rio Grande do Sul. La révolution russa a été un des plus importants processus historiques du siècle XX, en étant la première révolution ouvrière qui a survécu pour un long temps et est parvenue à élever des instituiciones durables. Pendant les premières années de la révolution russe dans le Rio Grande do Sul on vivait un moment de grand agitation entre les travailleurs avec la déflagration de grèves, la creatión de nouveaux syndicats et le surgissement de periodiques de classe. Dans ce contexte apparaissent les premières associations qui sont identifiées avec les idées de révolutionne russe, aussi apparaissent déclarations d'appui à la revolution et desir de suivre le chemin de la Russie des Soviets entre les militants ouvriers . Par cette réception et la période de mobilisation, je crée être nécessaire d'étudier comme la révolution russe a influencé les idées et les manières d'action du movimento ouvrier durant ces années, considérant l'idéologie des militants, ses origines éthniques et culturelles, leurs formes d'association et de combattre contre l'état et la bourgeoisie. / Esta dissertação tratará do impacto da revolução russa no movimento operário do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1917 e 1920. A revolução russa foi um dos processos históricos mais importantes do século XX, sendo a primeira revolução operária que sobreviveu por um longo tempo e conseguiu criar instituições duradouras. Durante os primeiros anos da revolução russa no Rio Grande do Sul se vivia um momento de grande agitação entre os trabalhadores, com a deflagração de greves, a criação de novos sindicatos e o surgimento de muitos jornais de classe. Neste contexto, aparecem as primeiras associações de trabalhadores que se diziam identificados com as idéias da revolução russa, também surgem declarações de apoio à revolução e desejo de seguir o caminho da Rússia dos Soviets entre os militantes operários. Por esta recepção e o período de mobilização, acredito ser necessário estudar como a revolução russa influenciou as idéias e as formas de ação do movimento operário do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando a ideologia dos militantes, suas origens étnicas e culturais, suas formas de associação e de luta contra o estado e a burguesia.

Durante todo o período de vigência da Constituição brasileira de 1891, foram produzidos diversos trabalhos doutrinários em torno da reforma da Constituição, ora mais ligados à política constitucional do período, ora de caráter mais teórico. Com os olhos voltados a esse material, o objetivo da pesquisa foi mapear e sistematizar os trabalhos doutrinários que veicularam esses discursos da época, em suportes materiais mais duradouros (livros de Direito Constitucional gerais, livros específicos sobre o tema e artigos publicados em periódicos jurídicos), a fim de verificar quais foram seus objetos e quais os objetivos de seus autores ao se inserirem no debate sobre a reforma constitucional. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as reflexões teóricas da Escola de Cambridge para o estudo da teoria política, especialmente de Quentin Skinner e J. G. A. Pocock, como instrumentos metodológicos para a reconstrução do debate. A partir da observação dos discursos em seus respectivos contextos intelectuais, foram identificados alguns objetos de reflexão recorrentes no debate, para além das propostas de reforma da Constituição de 1891. Em primeiro lugar, identificou-se que houve reflexões ligadas à teoria da Constituição e da reforma constitucional, no que diz respeito à estabilidade ou mutabilidade do texto constitucional, além de outras mais incipientes relativas à mudança da Constituição sem alteração do seu texto. Em segundo lugar, houve discursos jurídicos voltados à intepretação do artigo 90 da Constituição, quanto ao procedimento e limites materiais para a reforma constitucional, além de outros discursos com caráter político, que questionavam a legitimidade da vedação constitucional de alteração da forma republicano-federativa e da igualdade de representação dos Estados no Senado. Por fim, houve discursos político-constitucionais que se voltaram à análise de três aspectos. Em primeiro lugar, sobre a necessidade e oportunidade de uma reforma da Constituição de 1891. Em segundo lugar, discursos que objetivaram avaliar o produto da reforma constitucional realizada no Brasil entre 1924 e 1926, bem como as condições políticas em que se deu. E, enfim, os discursos que produziram a crítica à Constituição (por sua dissociação da realidade do país ou por ser inspirada em instituições estrangeiras), a crítica à crença na sua reforma com solução para os problemas políticos, econômicos e sociais do país, e outros que dialogaram com essas críticas. Nas reflexões sobre a reforma constitucional do período, verificou-se a produção de discursos com objetos e objetivos variados, que identificaram causas distintas para os mencionados problemas e que apresentaram propostas e encaminhamentos diversos para a sua solução, que tocavam no tema da reforma constitucional. / Throughout the period of time Brazilian Constitution of 1891 was in force, numerous doctrinal works on the constitutional amendment and constitutional making were done either more related to the constitutional politics of the time, or to more theoretical features. Bearing this material in mind, the purpose of this research was to map and systematize the doctrinal work that reported the discourses of the time, which were published in more durable material supports (Constitutional Law books, specific books on the topic and articles published in legal journals), in order to check which their objects were as well as the authors goals when having contributed to the debate on constitutional amendment and constitutional making. Therefore, the Cambridges School theoretical reflections for the study of political theory, especially of Quentin Skinner and J. G. A. Pocock, were used as methodological tools for the reconstruction of the debate. From the observation of the speeches in their respective intellectual contexts, it was identified some recurring objects of reflection in the debate, in addition to the proposed amendments to the 1891 Constitution. Firstly, it was identified that there were reflections related to the theory of the Constitution and the constitutional amendment and constitutional making, with regard to the stability or changeability of the constitutional text, besides other incipient speeches related to the Constitution change without changing its text. Secondly, there were legal discourses focused on the interpretation of article 90 of the Constitution of 1891, concerning the procedure and materials limits for constitutional amendment, along with speeches with political feature, which questioned the legitimacy of the constitutional prohibition of amendment of the Republican-federative form and the equal representation of the States in the Senate. Lastly, there were also political and constitutional speeches that targeted the analysis of the necessity and opportunity for amendment of the Constitution of 1891, during most of its validity period; others that aimed at evaluating the product of constitutional amendment held in Brazil between 1924 and 1926, as well as the political conditions under which it was carried, and, finally, speeches that criticized the Constitution (due to its dissociation of the country reality or for being inspired by foreign institutions), or criticized the belief in its amendment as a solution for the political, economical and social problems of the country, among others which dialogued with these criticisms. With the reflections upon the constitutional amendment in the Brazilian First Republic, the production of speeches with diverse objects and objectives was identified, which recognized several causes for such problems and that proposed distinct suggestions for their solution. In conclusion, in the research, many visions of Brazilian First Republics doctrine about constitutional making and constitutional amendment were observed and presented.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), commonly named sleeping sickness, was under control to a certain extent at the beginning of the sixties. In fact, the prevalence rate had then decreased drastically (one case per 10.000 examined inhabitants) for four major reasons: 1. active and exhaustive classical medical prospecting 2. correct treatment administered to patients suffering from trypanosomiasis 3. post-therapeutic follow-up of treated patients 4. vector control involving the community at risk In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), HAT left rural areas to extend to large cities, like Kinshasa. The incidence of HAT in Kinshasa has been increasing since 1996. Until now, there is no indication on knowledge, attitudes and conceptions of HAT in Kinshasa. The major objectives of this study are: to analyse the epidemiological, clinical, sanitary, demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics of HAT in Kinshasa to assess the level of knowledge, the attitudes, practices, perceptions, behaviours and local beliefs related to HAT among people residing in Kinshasa endemic area to identify the sanitary, socio-economic, environmental or ecological, socio-demographic and socio-cultural variables forming HAT risk factors in Kinshasa to identify the main predictive factors independent of HAT in Kinshasa. METHODS Population of study and data collection Two methodologies were carried out: a quantitative method based on a structured and pre-tested questionnaire as well as a qualitative approach relying on focus groups discussions. The inquiry took place at two different periods: first, between February 9 and June 3, 2006, then between July 7 and 17, 2007. It is a descriptive and analytic case-control study. Cases were patients suffering from trypanosomiasis notified between January 1st, 2004, and December 31st, 2005, thanks to HAT declaration cards registered to the National Human African Trypanosomiasis Program (PNLTHA). Based on age, sex and living place, each case was paired with two controls declared as HAT-free after clinical examination and a negative Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT-Test) performed on total blood. Controls were sampled thanks to a stratified approach during campaigns carried out between February and June 2006. A total of 1,311 individuals, 437 cases and 874 controls, were included in the study. Statistical analysis of data The inquiry data were analysed with EPIINFO, version 3.3.2 (CDC, United States), STATISTICA and SPSS, version 13.0, softwares. A Chi-squared or Fishers exact test was used to compare proportions and a Student t-test allowed the comparison of means. The association between the different factors and HAT was determined by estimating the Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95%-confidence interval and a P value under 0.05. This was performed thanks to a uni- and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A great proportion of patients suffering from HAT (79.4%, n = 347) had reached a very advanced stage of the disease, the neurological stage. Among the 1,311 persons included in the study, 52.2% were men and 47.8% were women (not significant difference). They were aged between 10 and 74 years, with a mean of 34.2 ± 14.2 years. Professionally active persons, aged between 20 and 49 years (70.3%), and providing resources essential for the economic development were more frequently affected. The majority of HAT cases (53%; n=230) had recently migrated (migration of people province-born who later settled down in Kinshasa); they were residing in Kinshasa for 5 years. People suffering from trypanosomiasis presented the following clinical characteristics: sleep disorders, characterized by hypersomnia (89% of cases) cervical adenopathy was frequently observed (63% of cases) Fever (72% of cases) Only 37.5% of cases scrupulously respected the recommended post-therapeutic follow-up. Numerous case-patients and controls were illiterates: the optimal level of knowledge was of 44% among case-patients and 37% among controls, with a highly significant difference (P<0.0001). Case-patients and controls believe in the supernatural origin of HAT. They believe HAT might have a divine origin, come from sorcery, from a malediction, or from the transgression of forbidden practices (incest). The study shows 87% of cases vs. 86.3% of controls were in favour of passive screening, with a non significant difference (P>0.05). The multivariate statistical analysis (logistic regression) showed the following variables were associated with HAT acquisition/infection in Kinshasa: residency in peripheral areas: rural areas (adjusted OR: 12.1, 95%IC: 5.7-21.7); eccentric areas (adjusted OR: 8.9, 95%IC: 2.1-38.8), family history of HAT (adjusted OR: 12.9, 95%IC: 7.9-20.8), ignorance regarding the mode of transmission (adjusted OR: 11.2, 95%IC: 5.8-21.7), and household water provision at natural/collective water points (adjusted OR: 6.9, 95%IC: 2.8-17.2) were also risk factors. CONCLUSION The surveillance and control of HAT pass obligatorily through the identification and knowledge of the main determinants of this recrudescent endemic-epidemic if one aims to establish an efficient fighting programme. Among these determinants, it is primordial to highlight: the unintentional ignorance of populations exposed to the HAT risk (obscurantist beliefs) the absence of participative education campaigns for populations residing in risk areas (rural and urban) the deficiency of management by sanitary authorities characterized by the lack of attention paid to the HAT endemic in political circles of decision. the drastic decrease in the budget assigned to health (less than 10 USD per inhabitant per year for healthcare). Once these determinants are known and suppressed, the fight against this plague should consist in: maintaining and reinforcing the surveillance of the endemic area, even in situations of low endemicity, by integrating the mass screening in fixed sanitary structures. This integration should go with the formation of healthcare staff not hardened to the screening and the fight against HAT. improving living conditions and population welfare in general, especially in rural areas. These results bring up different avoidable/modifiable determinants, on which one can act to reduce the morbidity and mortality charges caused by HAT, and involve Kinshasas residents in the fight against the disease./RESUME INTRODUCTION La Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine (THA), communément appelée Maladie du Sommeil, avait été dans une certaine mesure, maîtrisée au début des années 1960. En fait, le taux de prévalence était alors tombé de façon spectaculaire à des niveaux très bas (un cas pour 10.000 habitants examinés) pour quatre raisons majeures : 1. les prospections médicales classiques actives et exhaustives, 2. le traitement correct administré aux patients trypanosomés, 3. le suivi post-thérapeutique strict des malades traités, 4. la lutte antivectorielle impliquant la communauté à risque. En République démocratique du Congo (RDC), la THA est sortie des milieux ruraux pour sétendre aux grandes villes, comme Kinshasa. Lincidence de la THA est croissante à Kinshasa depuis 1996. Jusquà présent, à notre connaissance, il nexiste pas dindication sur les connaissances, les attitudes et les conceptions de la THA à Kinshasa. Les objectifs majeurs de cette étude sont : analyser les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques, sanitaires, démographiques, socioéconomiques et socioculturelles de la THA à Kinshasa, évaluer le niveau de connaissances, les attitudes, les pratiques, les perceptions, les comportements et les croyances locales relatives à la THA chez les résidents de la zone endémique de Kinshasa, identifier les variables sanitaires, socioéconomiques, environnementales ou écologiques, sociodémographiques et socioculturelles constituant les facteurs de risque de la THA à Kinshasa, identifier les principaux facteurs prédictifs indépendants de la THA à Kinshasa. METHODES Population détude et collecte des données Deux focalisations méthodologiques ont été utilisées: la méthode quantitative basée sur un questionnaire structuré, prétesté et la méthode qualitative basée sur les focus groups discussions. Lenquête sest déroulée en deux périodes. Dabord du 9 février au 3 juin 2006. Ensuite, du 7 au 17 Juillet 2007. Il sagit dune étude cas-témoins descriptivo-analytique. Les cas étaient des patients trypanosomés identifiés entre le 1 janvier 2004 et le 31 décembre 2005 avec fiches de déclaration de THA au Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine (PNLTHA). Chaque cas était apparié sur lâge, le sexe et le lieu dhabitation à deux témoins déclarés indemnes de THA après examen clinique et présentant une sérologie négative au Card Agglutination Test for Tryapnosomiasis (CATT-Test) sur sang total, tirés au sort par sondage stratifié au cours des campagnes actives de février à juin 2006. Au total, létude a touché 1311 individus dont 437 cas et 874 témoins. Analyse statistique des données Les données ont été encodées et analysées avec les logiciels EPIINFO version 3.3.2 (CDC, Etats-Unis), STATISTICA version 7.1 et SPSS version 13.0. Le test de Chi-carré et le Fisher exact ont été utilisés pour comparer les proportions et le t de student pour la comparaison des moyennes. Lassociation entre les différents facteurs étudiés et la THA a été déterminée en estimant lOdds Ratio (OR) avec un intervalle de confiance (IC) de 95% et un p inférieur à 0,05. Ceci a été réalisé en utilisant la méthode de régression logistique univariée et multivariée. RESULTATS Une grande proportion des patients trypanosomés (79,4%, n=347) était en phase très avancée de leur infection, au stade neurologique. Parmi les 1311 sujets retenus dans létude, il y avait 52,2% dhommes et 47,8% de femmes, différence non significative (p>0,05). Leur âge variait entre 10 et 74 ans avec une moyenne de 34,2±14,2 ans. Les personnes professionnellement actives âgées de 20-49 ans (70,3%) et pourvoyeuses de ressources nécessaires au développement économique étaient les plus atteintes. La majorité des patients trypanosomés (53% ; n=230) étaient des migrants (migration interne des personnes nées en province et venues sinstaller à Kinshasa) récents dont la durée de séjour à Kinshasa ne dépassait pas 5 ans. Les patients trypanosomés présentaient les caractéristiques cliniques suivantes : les troubles du sommeil caractérisés par lhypersomnie diurne dans 89% des cas, les adénopathies cervicales sont fréquentes, soit 63% des cas observés, la fièvre se retrouve dans 72% des cas. Seuls 37,5% des cas avaient scrupuleusement respecté le suivi post-thérapeutique recommandé. Bon nombre des cas et témoins étaient analphabètes : le niveau optimum de connaissance était de 44% chez les cas et 37% chez les témoins avec une différence hautement significative (p<0,0001). Les cas et les témoins croient à lorigine surnaturelle de la THA. Ils pensent que la THA peut être dorigine divine, provenir de la sorcellerie, dune malédiction, ou encore de la transgression des interdits (inceste). Létude montre que 87% des cas vs 86,3% des témoins étaient favorables au dépistage passif, différence non significative (p>0,05). En analyse statistique par la régression logistique multivariée, les variables suivantes étaient significativement associées à lacquisition/infection de la THA à Kinshasa. la résidence en zones périphériques : zones rurales (OR ajusté 12,1 ; IC à 95% : 5,7-21,7) ; zones excentriques (OR ajusté 8,9 ; IC à 95% : 2,1-38,8), lhistoire familiale de THA (OR ajusté 12,9 ; IC à 95% : 7,9-20,8), lignorance du mode de transmission (OR ajusté 11,2 ; IC à 95% : 5,8-21,7) et lapprovisionnement en eau de ménage dans des points deau naturels/collectifs (OR ajusté 6,9 ; IC à 95% : 2,8-17,2) sont aussi des facteurs de risque. CONCLUSION La surveillance et le contrôle de la THA passent obligatoirement par lidentification, et la connaissance des principaux facteurs déterminants de cette endémo-épidémie en recrudescence si lon veut établir un plan de lutte efficace contre ce fléau. Parmi ces déterminants, il importe de noter notamment : lignorance involontaire (croyances obscurantistes) des populations exposées au risque de THA, labsence des campagnes éducatives participatives des populations résidant dans les zones à risque (rurales et citadines), la mauvaise gestion des autorités sanitaires caractérisée par le peu dattention accordée à lendémie de THA dans les milieux politiques de décision, la diminution drastique du budget alloué à la santé (moins de 10$USA par habitant par an pour les soins de santé). Une fois que ces déterminants sont connus et jugulés, la lutte contre ce fléau devrait consister à : maintenir et renforcer la surveillance de la zone endémique, même en situation de faible endémicité par lintégration du dépistage de masse dans les structures sanitaires fixes. Cette intégration devrait être accompagnée de la formation des personnels soignants non aguerris au dépistage et à la lutte contre la THA, améliorer les conditions de vie et du bien-être de la population en général, et plus particulièrement la population rurale. Ces résultats mettent en évidence divers déterminants contrôlables, sur lesquels on peut agir pour réduire la charge de la morbidité et mortalité attribuée à la THA, et impliquer les habitants de Kinshasa dans la lutte contre cette maladie.

Thèse de doctorat : ETUDES GERMANIQUES : Metz : 1999. / 1999METZ010L. 999 ref.