O trabalho em questão investiga a relação entre a prática de pesquisa e a prática de sala de aula em Educação Matemática, procurando compreender esse processo a partir de perguntas tais como: Qual o impacto da pesquisa em Educação Matemática na sala de aula? Como as pesquisas e os pesquisadores vêm se relacionando com a sala de aula de Matemática? O que os pesquisadores têm a dizer à sala de aula de Matemática e o que esta tem mostrado a eles? Como as pesquisas e os pesquisadores podem contribuir, de um modo mais efetivo, com a mudança, a transformação e a reinvenção da sala de aula de Matemática? Que possibilidades e impossibilidades a globalização traz ao tema pesquisa/sala de aula? Tomamos como referência estudos relativos ao tema pesquisa e prática em Educação Matemática, em especial teorizações de Jeremy Kilpatrick, artigos e Handbooks em torno do tema. O caminho da investigação teve como orientação principal a perspectiva da Análise do Discurso de Michel Foucault, levando a evidências sobre pontos frágeis e fortes da relação entre a prática da pesquisa e a prática da sala de aula. Também refletimos a partir da desconstrução de Jacques Derrida. Os dados e fatos recolhidos para apreciação e análise vieram do interior dos discursos de 71 pesquisadores da Educação Matemática, sendo 44 do Brasil e 27 de outros países: África do Sul, Austrália, Canadá, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos, França, Israel, Nova Zelândia, Portugal, Reino Unido, obtidos através de questionário aberto/discursivo da pesquisa; discursos de professores de Matemática - selecionados da nossa tese de mestrado - e discursos de trabalhos apresentados nas sessões ST1: The relation between research and practice in mathematics education e DG2: The relationship between research and practice in mathematics education, ICME 10 (The 10th International Congress on Mathematical Education). Dos resultados e das conclusões, foi ficando evidente uma forte defesa por pesquisas colaborativas e pesquisas-ação ou similares, sob a crença de que estas teriam um impacto mais efetivo na sala de aula do que outras. Há muitos outros olhares: há quem ateste que o impacto entre pesquisa e sala de aula acontece no âmbito teórico-filosófico, há quem olhe pesquisa e prática como atividades discursivas, há quem afirme que a pesquisa tem que atingir os fazedores de políticas educacionais, entre outros. Isso mostra que o tema pesquisa/sala de aula em Educação Matemática é um fenômeno complexo e de múltiplos olhares e o presente estudo apresenta, portanto, um tecer de fios dessa complexidade e multiplicidade, um processo de desconstrução capaz de ensinar algo sobre as condições da produção, possibilidades e impossibilidades de fazer, saber e ser do impacto da pesquisa de Educação Matemática na sala de aula, mas não traz uma chave para o impacto real. / This work investigates the relationship between research and classroom in Mathematics Education with special attention to documenting processes related to questions such as: What is the impact of Mathematics Education research in the classroom? How do research and researchers relate to the classroom? What do researchers have to say about the mathematics classroom, and what has it shown them? How can research and researchers contribute more effectively to the change, transformation and reinvention in the Mathematics classroom? What do possibilities and impossibilities globalization have set regarding the relation between research and classroom? We have been working on this subject mostly with studies regarding to the theme research and practice in Mathematics Education and articles and handbooks on the theme. The path for the investigation has mainly been based on discourse analysis from the standpoint of Michel Foucault leading to the evidence for the fragile and strong points of the relationship between research practice and the classroom practice. We have also thought along Jacques Derridas deconstruction. The survey of data and facts and their analysis include speeches of 71 Mathematics Education researchers (44 Brazilians and 27 from other countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Israel, New Zealand, Portugal, Southern Africa, United Kingdom, and United States) obtained through open/discursive questionnaire for the research; speeches of teachers of Mathematics - selected from our Master\'s research and speeches from the papers presented in the ST1 sessions: The relation between research and practice in Mathematics Education and DG2 sessions: The relationship between research and practice in Mathematics Education, ICME 10 (The 10th International Congress on Mathematical Education). From the results and conclusions, it became clear that there is a strong defense for collaborative research and action research or similar, in the belief that these would have a better impact in the classroom than others. There are also many other looks: there are those who attest to the impact between research and classroom happening in the theoretical-philosophical level, there are those who sees research and practice as discursive activities; there are those who attest that research has to reach the education policy makers and so on. It goes to show the theme of the relationship between research and the classroom in Mathematics Education is a complex phenomenon and of multiple viewpoint and that the present study presents, therefore, a weaving of the threads of this complexity and multiplicity, deconstruction process that teaches us something about the conditions for the production, possibilities and impossibilities of doing, knowing and being, of the impact of research in the classroom, but do not bring a key for the real impact.

O trabalho em questão investiga a relação entre a prática de pesquisa e a prática de sala de aula em Educação Matemática, procurando compreender esse processo a partir de perguntas tais como: Qual o impacto da pesquisa em Educação Matemática na sala de aula? Como as pesquisas e os pesquisadores vêm se relacionando com a sala de aula de Matemática? O que os pesquisadores têm a dizer à sala de aula de Matemática e o que esta tem mostrado a eles? Como as pesquisas e os pesquisadores podem contribuir, de um modo mais efetivo, com a mudança, a transformação e a reinvenção da sala de aula de Matemática? Que possibilidades e impossibilidades a globalização traz ao tema pesquisa/sala de aula? Tomamos como referência estudos relativos ao tema pesquisa e prática em Educação Matemática, em especial teorizações de Jeremy Kilpatrick, artigos e Handbooks em torno do tema. O caminho da investigação teve como orientação principal a perspectiva da Análise do Discurso de Michel Foucault, levando a evidências sobre pontos frágeis e fortes da relação entre a prática da pesquisa e a prática da sala de aula. Também refletimos a partir da desconstrução de Jacques Derrida. Os dados e fatos recolhidos para apreciação e análise vieram do interior dos discursos de 71 pesquisadores da Educação Matemática, sendo 44 do Brasil e 27 de outros países: África do Sul, Austrália, Canadá, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos, França, Israel, Nova Zelândia, Portugal, Reino Unido, obtidos através de questionário aberto/discursivo da pesquisa; discursos de professores de Matemática - selecionados da nossa tese de mestrado - e discursos de trabalhos apresentados nas sessões ST1: The relation between research and practice in mathematics education e DG2: The relationship between research and practice in mathematics education, ICME 10 (The 10th International Congress on Mathematical Education). Dos resultados e das conclusões, foi ficando evidente uma forte defesa por pesquisas colaborativas e pesquisas-ação ou similares, sob a crença de que estas teriam um impacto mais efetivo na sala de aula do que outras. Há muitos outros olhares: há quem ateste que o impacto entre pesquisa e sala de aula acontece no âmbito teórico-filosófico, há quem olhe pesquisa e prática como atividades discursivas, há quem afirme que a pesquisa tem que atingir os fazedores de políticas educacionais, entre outros. Isso mostra que o tema pesquisa/sala de aula em Educação Matemática é um fenômeno complexo e de múltiplos olhares e o presente estudo apresenta, portanto, um tecer de fios dessa complexidade e multiplicidade, um processo de desconstrução capaz de ensinar algo sobre as condições da produção, possibilidades e impossibilidades de fazer, saber e ser do impacto da pesquisa de Educação Matemática na sala de aula, mas não traz uma chave para o impacto real. / This work investigates the relationship between research and classroom in Mathematics Education with special attention to documenting processes related to questions such as: What is the impact of Mathematics Education research in the classroom? How do research and researchers relate to the classroom? What do researchers have to say about the mathematics classroom, and what has it shown them? How can research and researchers contribute more effectively to the change, transformation and reinvention in the Mathematics classroom? What do possibilities and impossibilities globalization have set regarding the relation between research and classroom? We have been working on this subject mostly with studies regarding to the theme research and practice in Mathematics Education and articles and handbooks on the theme. The path for the investigation has mainly been based on discourse analysis from the standpoint of Michel Foucault leading to the evidence for the fragile and strong points of the relationship between research practice and the classroom practice. We have also thought along Jacques Derridas deconstruction. The survey of data and facts and their analysis include speeches of 71 Mathematics Education researchers (44 Brazilians and 27 from other countries: Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Israel, New Zealand, Portugal, Southern Africa, United Kingdom, and United States) obtained through open/discursive questionnaire for the research; speeches of teachers of Mathematics - selected from our Master\'s research and speeches from the papers presented in the ST1 sessions: The relation between research and practice in Mathematics Education and DG2 sessions: The relationship between research and practice in Mathematics Education, ICME 10 (The 10th International Congress on Mathematical Education). From the results and conclusions, it became clear that there is a strong defense for collaborative research and action research or similar, in the belief that these would have a better impact in the classroom than others. There are also many other looks: there are those who attest to the impact between research and classroom happening in the theoretical-philosophical level, there are those who sees research and practice as discursive activities; there are those who attest that research has to reach the education policy makers and so on. It goes to show the theme of the relationship between research and the classroom in Mathematics Education is a complex phenomenon and of multiple viewpoint and that the present study presents, therefore, a weaving of the threads of this complexity and multiplicity, deconstruction process that teaches us something about the conditions for the production, possibilities and impossibilities of doing, knowing and being, of the impact of research in the classroom, but do not bring a key for the real impact.

Research has shown that students achieved higher standardized test scores in mathematics and gained more positive attitudes towards mathematics after learning from reform curricula. Because these studies involve actual students and teachers, there are classroom variables that are involved in these findings (Silver and Stein, 1996; Stein et al., 1996). To understand how much these curricula by themselves contribute to higher test scores, I have studied the cognitive demand of tasks in two traditional and two reform curricula. This work required the creation of a scale to categorize tasks based on their level of cognitive demand. This scale relates to those by Stein, Schoenfeld, and Bloom. Based on this task analysis, I have found that more tasks in the reform curricula require higher cognitive demand than tasks in the traditional curricula. These findings confirm other results that posing tasks with higher cognitive demand to students can lead to higher student achievement.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference on “Models in Developing Mathematics Education” held from September 11-17, 2009 at The University of Applied Sciences, Dresden, Germany. The Conference was organized jointly by The University of Applied Sciences and The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project - a non-commercial international educational project founded in 1986. The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project is dedicated to the improvement of mathematics education world-wide through the publication and dissemination of innovative ideas. Many prominent mathematics educators have supported and contributed to the project, including the late Hans Freudental, Andrejs Dunkels and Hilary Shuard, as well as Bruce Meserve and Marilyn Suydam, Alan Osborne and Margaret Kasten, Mogens Niss, Tibor Nemetz, Ubi D’Ambrosio, Brian Wilson, Tatsuro Miwa, Henry Pollack, Werner Blum, Roberto Baldino, Waclaw Zawadowski, and many others throughout the world. Information on our project and its future work can be found on Our Project Home Page http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21project.htm It has been our pleasure to edit all of the papers for these Proceedings. Not all papers are about research in mathematics education, a number of them report on innovative experiences in the classroom and on new technology. We believe that “mathematics education” is fundamentally a “practicum” and in order to be “successful” all new materials, new ideas and new research must be tested and implemented in the classroom, the real “chalk face” of our discipline, and of our profession as mathematics educators. These Proceedings begin with a Plenary Paper and then the contributions of the Principal Authors in alphabetical name order. We sincerely thank all of the contributors for their time and creative effort. It is clear from the variety and quality of the papers that the conference has attracted many innovative mathematics educators from around the world. These Proceedings will therefore be useful in reviewing past work and looking ahead to the future.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference on “Turning Dreams into Reality: Transformations and Paradigm Shifts in Mathematics Education” held from September 11-17, 2011 at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. The Conference was organized jointly by Rhodes University and The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project - an international educational project founded in 1986. Our Project is dedicated to the improvement of mathematics education world-wide through the publication and dissemination of innovative ideas. Many prominent mathematics educators have supported and contributed to the project, including the late Hans Freudental, Andrejs Dunkels and Hilary Shuard, as well as Bruce Meserve and Marilyn Suydam, Alan Osborne and Margaret Kasten, Mogens Niss, Tibor Nemetz, Ubi D’Ambrosio, Brian Wilson, Tatsuro Miwa, Henry Pollack, Werner Blum, Roberto Baldino, Waclaw Zawadowski, and many others throughout the world. Information on our project and its future work can be found on our Project home page http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21project.htm . In this year, 2011, we celebrate the 25th anniversary of the founding of our Project, when Manmohan Singh Arora suggested the idea to Fayez Mina and myself around a swimming pool in Bahrain (of all places!) That first meeting was, however, typical of the multi-cultured and global character of our Project and it’s subsequent conferences throughout the world. These Proceedings begin with the Plenary Papers and then the other contributions in alphabetical name order of the principal authors. We sincerely thank all of the contributors for their time and creative effort. It is clear from the variety and quality of the papers that the conference has attracted many innovative mathematics educators from around the world.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference on “Models in Developing Mathematics Education” held from September 11-17, 2009 at The University of Applied Sciences, Dresden, Germany. The Conference was organized jointly by The University of Applied Sciences and The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project - a non-commercial international educational project founded in 1986. The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project is dedicated to the improvement of mathematics education world-wide through the publication and dissemination of innovative ideas. Many prominent mathematics educators have supported and contributed to the project, including the late Hans Freudental, Andrejs Dunkels and Hilary Shuard, as well as Bruce Meserve and Marilyn Suydam, Alan Osborne and Margaret Kasten, Mogens Niss, Tibor Nemetz, Ubi D’Ambrosio, Brian Wilson, Tatsuro Miwa, Henry Pollack, Werner Blum, Roberto Baldino, Waclaw Zawadowski, and many others throughout the world. Information on our project and its future work can be found on Our Project Home Page http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21project.htm It has been our pleasure to edit all of the papers for these Proceedings. Not all papers are about research in mathematics education, a number of them report on innovative experiences in the classroom and on new technology. We believe that “mathematics education” is fundamentally a “practicum” and in order to be “successful” all new materials, new ideas and new research must be tested and implemented in the classroom, the real “chalk face” of our discipline, and of our profession as mathematics educators. These Proceedings begin with a Plenary Paper and then the contributions of the Principal Authors in alphabetical name order. We sincerely thank all of the contributors for their time and creative effort. It is clear from the variety and quality of the papers that the conference has attracted many innovative mathematics educators from around the world. These Proceedings will therefore be useful in reviewing past work and looking ahead to the future.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference on “Turning Dreams into Reality: Transformations and Paradigm Shifts in Mathematics Education” held from September 11-17, 2011 at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. The Conference was organized jointly by Rhodes University and The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project - an international educational project founded in 1986. Our Project is dedicated to the improvement of mathematics education world-wide through the publication and dissemination of innovative ideas. Many prominent mathematics educators have supported and contributed to the project, including the late Hans Freudental, Andrejs Dunkels and Hilary Shuard, as well as Bruce Meserve and Marilyn Suydam, Alan Osborne and Margaret Kasten, Mogens Niss, Tibor Nemetz, Ubi D’Ambrosio, Brian Wilson, Tatsuro Miwa, Henry Pollack, Werner Blum, Roberto Baldino, Waclaw Zawadowski, and many others throughout the world. Information on our project and its future work can be found on our Project home page http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21project.htm . In this year, 2011, we celebrate the 25th anniversary of the founding of our Project, when Manmohan Singh Arora suggested the idea to Fayez Mina and myself around a swimming pool in Bahrain (of all places!) That first meeting was, however, typical of the multi-cultured and global character of our Project and it’s subsequent conferences throughout the world. These Proceedings begin with the Plenary Papers and then the other contributions in alphabetical name order of the principal authors. We sincerely thank all of the contributors for their time and creative effort. It is clear from the variety and quality of the papers that the conference has attracted many innovative mathematics educators from around the world.