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The aim of this study is to identify characteristics that can be used to assess early-stage research results by research users and research producers of the advanced biofuel sector. Mainly, it qualitatively explores the perceptions of both research users and research producers regarding their experiences with research results. The study builds on the models of Diffusion of Innovation (DoI), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Perceived Characteristics of Innovation (PCI). The findings of this study suggest that the investigated dimensions of DoI, PCI and TAM are applicable to the context of assessing research results with the extra dimension of risk reduction. In particular, some of the criteria used to assess the usefulness of research results are through its originality, scalability and relevance. The findings also suggest that documentation and publication are important to research users: Research users assess ease of use based on the presentation of the research results in their documentation; and they assess the quality of research results based on publications and the reputation of researchers. The findings of this study can be used to tailor research results to research users’ needs, which in turn can be expected to improve the uptake and further development of research results. This will not only permit the push of scientific research results to research users only put also permit research users to inform research needs.

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Bakgrund. Sjuksköterskan/specialistsjuksköterskan har som ansvar att omvårdnaden bygger på forskningsresultat och beprövad erfarenhet. Ett antal studier visar att det är gynnande för patienten när forskningsresultat används i omvårdnaden. Sjuksköterskorna har dock svårigheter med att använda forskningsresultat även om de inser vikten av användandet. Syfte. Att se vilka hinder och möjligheter det finns för sjuksköterskor, arbetande på särskilda boenden för äldre, att använda forskningsresultat i sitt arbete. Metod. Beskrivande och jämförande design med kvantitativ ansats. Huvudresultat. Denna studie visar att det största hindret, för sjuksköterskor arbetande på SÄBO, i användningen av forskningsresultat är tidsbrist. De minsta hindren var att sjuksköterskan anser att forskning är relevant för deras arbete och att sjuksköterskorna ser värdet som forskningen har för den kliniska verksamheten. En signifikant skillnad kan ses beroende av ålder hur stora hinder man upplever i användandet av forskningsresultat, där yngre sjuksköterskor skattar högre hinder. Underlättande faktorer var en intresserad och positiv ledning, kollegor att diskutera forskning med samt att forskningsartiklar ska vara tydliga och enkla att förstå. Slutsats. För att ge sjuksköterskor större möjlighet till att använda av forskningsresultat i sitt arbete bör det ges tid till dem att göra detta. / Background. The nurse/specialist nurse has the responsibility that nursing is based on research results and proven experience. A number of studies show that it is beneficial for the patient when research results are used in nursing care. Nurses, however, have difficulty using research results even if they realize the importance of the use. Aim. To see what obstacles and opportunities there are for nurses, working in nursing homes, to use research results in their work. Method. Descriptive and comparative design with quantitative approach. Main results. This study shows that the biggest obstacle, for nurses working in nursing homes, in the use of research results, is the lack of time. The smallest obstacles were that the nurse considers that research is relevant to their work and that nurses see the value of research for the clinical activity. A significant difference can be seen depending on age how big barriers you experience in the use of research results, where younger nurses estimate higher barriers. Facilitating factors were an interested and positive management, colleagues to discuss research, and that research articles should be clear and easy to understand. Conclusion. In order to give nurses greater opportunity to use research results in their work, they should be given time to do this.

This dissertation entitled The Economical Implications of Institutional Restructuring of Applied Czech Agricultural Research solves the issue of effectiveness of applied national agrarian research, which is financed from public funds. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the current basis of applied agricultural research funded by the governance, respectively those scientific institutions that are eligible for an annual institutional grant to long-term development. Describe their focus and structure of results. Another purpose is to look for possible reserves in the system and to propose the restructuring of national applied agricultural research in organizations established by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. I have focused on comparing the outputs of scientific institutions in the periods of science and research support programs since 2007. In the data evaluated by the research institutions, I have been using bases in the last five years. From the point of view of the effectiveness of applied agricultural research, I am using data from 1989, respectively 2003. I solved the chosen topic of the dissertation by progressive steps. First, I evaluated the individual research institutions in terms of their outputs within the announced programs of support for science and research. I was looking for the argument that there is a substitute in the form of a private research organization in the current system of public research institutions. Which I didn´t find. State established applied agricultural research is unique in its content. For a comprehensive view, I have analysed the structure and types of research results achieved in the announced support programs. Problematics was solved mainly by comparison analysis based on literature, data and their aggregated results. The economic and social policy impacts are processed on the performance of the agriculture - food industry complex in terms of gross added value, socio-demographic data about workers in the field and complex. The dissertation proposes a new organization structure of applied agricultural research established by the state. A system of the central agriculture research organization is designed on the base of the current geographical distribution on the territory of the capital city Prague and Brno. The solution provides a more complex use of the existing unused potential of agriculture public research organizations. At the same time the standard elements of modern management are applied. Research has shown that the current system of funding science and research, which prefer quantity rather than output quality, is a major failure. At the same time, the work has shown that there is a way-out from the current fragmented system of the organization of applied agricultural research while preserving its unique possibilities. The results of this work enable, in the case of political will, the realization of greater efficiency of applied agricultural research established by the state in the Czech Republic.

La recherche en génétique est en pleine effervescence, créant ainsi plus d’information sur la susceptibilité génétique à certaines maladies et sur la préventions et les traitements potentiels. Nombre de ces informations sont considérées exploratoires et donc sans utilité clinique. Les directives officielles, qui prônent une divulgation des résultats globaux, tendent également de plus en plus vers la communication des résultats individuels quand ils sont disponibles et applicables. On parle même « d’impératif éthique » de la part du chercheur à retourner les résultats de recherche aux participants. La tâche, cependant, ne s’avère pas si simple et ce devoir moral émergent suscite de nombreuses questions, dont la responsabilité de retourner l'information, le moment, le contenu de l’information, le respect du droit du participant de ne pas savoir. Par cette étude, l’opinion et les attentes des participants à la recherche sont investiguées. Il s’agit plus précisément de documenter de façon empirique les attentes des parents d’enfants autistes qui ont fait participer leur enfant à une étude génétique sur l’autisme. Il est essentiel et important d’explorer leurs besoins et leurs attentes concernant la façon dont ils aimeraient qu’on les informe sur les résultats de l'étude et plus spécifiquement sur les résultats qui les concernent. Le but de cette étude est de proposer une réflexion éthique sur le retour d’information aux participants à la recherche. Est-ce une responsabilité éthique? Un droit? La divulgation des résultats généraux ou individuels de recherche aux participants constitue un véritable défi résultant des grandes attentes entourant la recherche en génétique et de la situation de vulnérabilité dans laquelle se retrouvent les participants à la recherche. / Genetics studies are becoming increasingly prevalent leading to a growing body of information on disease susceptibility with the potential to improve health care. Many of these results are considered exploratory with no clinical utility. Official guidelines in ethics, advocating a disclosure of global results, also tend increasingly towards the communication of individual results when available and applicable if the research participant choose so. An "ethical imperative" to return research results is increasingly acknowledged in research ethics guidelines. This emerging moral duty raises many questions including the issue of whether and how research participants might receive their individual results. In this study, we explore the perspectives of parents of an autistic child participating in genetic research. It is essential and important to explore their needs and expectations about how they would like to be delivered research results. The purpose of this study is to propose an ethical reflexion on providing individual genetic research results to participants: is there a duty ? a right ? Providing individual genetic research results to participants is a key challenge. We expect to find major challenges in matters of return of result given both the high expectations surrounding genetic research and the vulnerable state of some patients/research participants.

La recherche en génétique est en pleine effervescence, créant ainsi plus d’information sur la susceptibilité génétique à certaines maladies et sur la préventions et les traitements potentiels. Nombre de ces informations sont considérées exploratoires et donc sans utilité clinique. Les directives officielles, qui prônent une divulgation des résultats globaux, tendent également de plus en plus vers la communication des résultats individuels quand ils sont disponibles et applicables. On parle même « d’impératif éthique » de la part du chercheur à retourner les résultats de recherche aux participants. La tâche, cependant, ne s’avère pas si simple et ce devoir moral émergent suscite de nombreuses questions, dont la responsabilité de retourner l'information, le moment, le contenu de l’information, le respect du droit du participant de ne pas savoir. Par cette étude, l’opinion et les attentes des participants à la recherche sont investiguées. Il s’agit plus précisément de documenter de façon empirique les attentes des parents d’enfants autistes qui ont fait participer leur enfant à une étude génétique sur l’autisme. Il est essentiel et important d’explorer leurs besoins et leurs attentes concernant la façon dont ils aimeraient qu’on les informe sur les résultats de l'étude et plus spécifiquement sur les résultats qui les concernent. Le but de cette étude est de proposer une réflexion éthique sur le retour d’information aux participants à la recherche. Est-ce une responsabilité éthique? Un droit? La divulgation des résultats généraux ou individuels de recherche aux participants constitue un véritable défi résultant des grandes attentes entourant la recherche en génétique et de la situation de vulnérabilité dans laquelle se retrouvent les participants à la recherche. / Genetics studies are becoming increasingly prevalent leading to a growing body of information on disease susceptibility with the potential to improve health care. Many of these results are considered exploratory with no clinical utility. Official guidelines in ethics, advocating a disclosure of global results, also tend increasingly towards the communication of individual results when available and applicable if the research participant choose so. An "ethical imperative" to return research results is increasingly acknowledged in research ethics guidelines. This emerging moral duty raises many questions including the issue of whether and how research participants might receive their individual results. In this study, we explore the perspectives of parents of an autistic child participating in genetic research. It is essential and important to explore their needs and expectations about how they would like to be delivered research results. The purpose of this study is to propose an ethical reflexion on providing individual genetic research results to participants: is there a duty ? a right ? Providing individual genetic research results to participants is a key challenge. We expect to find major challenges in matters of return of result given both the high expectations surrounding genetic research and the vulnerable state of some patients/research participants.

In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden Messungen der Veränderungen der Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit in Betonproben verwendet, um die Entwicklung der Schädigung in Betonen der Festigkeitsklassen C80/C95 und C120/135 während Ermüdungsversuchen unter verschiedenen Beanspruchungsniveaus zu quantifizieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten die Abhängigkeit der Entwicklung von Ermüdungsschäden von den Belastungsbedingungen und den Betoneigenschaften. Eine der wichtigsten Schlussfolgerungen aus den hier vorgestellten Forschungsergebnissen ist, dass die Druckfestigkeit des Betons allein keinen Hinweis darauf gibt, ob ein Beton unter Ermüdungsbeanspruchung ein abruptes Versagen oder ein progressives und angekündigtes Versagensverhalten zeigt.

Η ΒΥΠ διαθέτει αντίτυπο της διατριβής σε έντυπη μορφή στο βιβλιοστάσιο διδακτορικών διατριβών που βρίσκεται στο ισόγειο του κτιρίου της. / Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας Μεταπτυχιακής Διπλωματικής Εργασίας, προτείνουμε (α) μια ταξινόμηση των πιο σημαντικών ερευνητικών αποτελεσμάτων για την επιστημονική περιοχή του Web Engineering και (β) μια μεθοδολογία για την αξιολόγηση εργαλείων για τον ίδιο χώρο τα οποία θα ενσωματωθούν στο WEP (WEB-Engineering Resources Portal). Στην συγκεκριμένη εργασία αναλύονται οι επιστημονικές έννοιες Body of Knowledge(BOK), Software Engineering, Web Engineering, Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK) και γίνεται μια πρώτη προσπάθεια θεμελίωσης ενός Σώματος Γνώσης (Body of Knowledge) για το Web Engineering, που θα εμπεριέχεται στο WEP. Για την ταξινόμηση των ερευνητικών αποτελεσμάτων του WEP βασιστήκαμε στη δομή του SWEBOK (Software Engineering Body of Knowledge), το οποίο αποτελεί μια προσπάθεια της IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) για τον καθορισμό και τη μελέτη ενός Σώματος Γνώσης της Επιστήμης Λογισμικού, μια επιστημονική περιοχή που συγγενεύει άμεσα με το Web Engineering. Όσο αφορά την εύρεση και αξιολόγηση εργαλείων για το WEP προτείνουμε έναν αλγόριθμο επιλογής και αξιολόγησης ο οποίος βασίζεται κυρίως στην κατηγοριοποίηση και αξιολόγηση εφαρμογών από τους Ιστότοπους http://www.tucows.com και http://www.download.com, οι οποίοι επιλέχτηκαν βάσει της δημοτικότητά τους και της πληθώρας και καλής οργάνωσης των εργαλείων τους. Τα αποτελέσματα από την εφαρμογή αυτού του αλγορίθμου αξιολόγησης εργαλείων ήταν αρκετά ικανοποιητικά, ενώ υπάρχουν περιθώρια βελτίωσης τόσο με τη χρήση επιπλέον παραμέτρων από τους δύο παραπάνω βασικούς Ιστότοπους όσο και με τη συνεισφορά στοιχείων και από άλλους Ιστότοπους. / In this Master Thesis, we suggest (a) A methodology of classification of the most important research results in Web Engineering (b) A methodology of selection and evaluation web development tools. These tools would be in included in WEP (WEB-Engineering Resources Portal). During this Master Thesis the following definitions are explained: Body of Knowledge (BOK), Software Engineering, Web Engineering, Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK). Moreover, it is suggested a solution of building a “Body of Knowledge” in the field of Web Engineering. This Body of Knowledge would be included in WEP. The basis for the classification of the research results is WEP was the SWEBOK (Software Engineering Body of Knowledge). SWEBOK is an effort of IEEE, in order to establish a baseline for the “Body of Knowledge” for the field of Software Engineering, which is close related with the field of Web Engineering. As far is concerned the selection and evaluation of web development tools, we suggest an algorithm which is based on the classification and evaluation of web development tools by the web sites http://www.tucows.com and http://www.download.com. These web sites have been selected, due to their credibility, popularity and the large number of tools which are presented. Although this algorithm has quite good results, there are some open issues by including more parameters from the 2 main web sites and by investigating other similar web sites, too.