Orientador: Eliana Goldfarb Cyrino / Resumo: Introdução: A Residência Médica é considerada o padrão-ouro para a formação de médicos especialistas, tanto no Brasil quanto em outros países, sendo institucionalizada oficialmente a partir de 1977 no país. Um dos programas que mais cresceu nos últimos anos, em termos de vagas ofertadas, foi o de medicina de família e comunidade. Dentro da organização dos programas de residência consta a participação de um profissional responsável pela formação, o preceptor. Esse profissional pode ser considerado o principal responsável pelo residente em medicina de família e comunidade, pois estarão juntos por 2 anos consecutivos e exercerá a função de modelo, na prática do trabalho, na formação desse profissional. Contudo, o termo preceptor pode estar bem consolidado para outras residências, mas na medicina de família e comunidade há necessidade de maior exploração sobre o papel desse profissional. Assim, se reconhece a necessidade de se conhecer as características desse profissional, sua formação, tanto técnica (dentro da área) quanto pedagógica para exercer seu papel, quais as potencialidades e desafios que esse trabalho exige e se tem algum apoio pedagógico para tal. Objetivos: Identificar o perfil dos preceptores dos programas de residência médica em medicina de família e comunidade do estado de São Paulo, conhecendo suas características pessoais, profissionais e formação. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo exploratório, de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, no qual foram aplicados questionár... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: The Medical Residency is considered the gold standard for the training of medical specialists, both in Brazil and in other countries, being officially institutionalized from 1977 in the country. One of the programs that most grew in recent years, in terms of vacancies offered, was the General Practice/Family Physician field. In the organization of the residency programs there is a professional responsible for the student training, the preceptor. This professional can be considered the main responsible for the resident in General Practice/Family Physician, as they will be together for two consecutive years and the preceptor will be the example, in the practice of work and in the training of this professional. However, the term “preceptor” may be well consolidated for other residences fields, but in the General Practice/Family Physician field there is a need for greater exploration on the role of this professional. Thus, it is necessary to know the characteristics of this professional, its formation, both technical (inside his area) and pedagogical, what the potentialities and challenges that this work requires and whether he has some pedagogical support. Aims: To identify the profile of preceptors in General Practice/Family Physician residency programs of the São Paulo state, knowing their personal, professional and training characteristics. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative and quantitative exploratory study, in which questionnaires were applied to t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Este estudo tem como objeto a formação interprofissional em programas de residência multiprofissional em saúde (PRMS) por meio da educação interprofissional (EIP). Seus objetivos foram: compreender os limites e as potencialidades das residências multiprofissionais em saúde para a EIP; descrever os PRMS do estado de São Paulo; identificar um programa de PRMS com um cenário altamente favorável para a EIP e analisar a percepção dos residentes a respeito dos limites e das potencialidades desse PRMS para a EIP. Estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Realizou-se a análise documental de seis projetos político-pedagógicos (PPP) dos sete PRMS oferecidos no estado de São Paulo para identificar o mais favorável à EIP. Em seguida, realizou-se um grupo focal com os residentes do programa selecionado. O material empírico resultante da transcrição do grupo focal foi submetido à técnica da análise de discurso. A análise documental revelou aproximações e distanciamentos da EIP em todos os PPP analisados, assim como elementos relacionados à colaboração como finalidade do processo ensino e aprendizagem, objetivos da formação, organização didático-pedagógica, matrizes pedagógicas, proposta curricular, adoção do modelo de competências e formatos de avaliação institucional e do ensino. A análise documental revelou o compromisso social de todos os programas com a formação e sua possibilidade de promover melhorias na qualidade do cuidado com foco na integralidade e nas necessidades de saúde. O programa mais favorável à educação interprofissional foi a Residência Multiprofissional em Atenção à Saúde da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, campus Baixada Santista. O material empírico proveniente da transcrição do grupo focal com os residentes evidenciou temas que foram inseridos nas categorias empíricas definidas a priori para a construção do roteiro do grupo focal: Vivenciando a residência multiprofissional, Limites da residência multiprofissional para a EIP, Potencialidades da residência multiprofissional para a EIP e Impactos das práticas profissionais como residente para a melhoria da qualidade assistência. Foram identificados limites relacionados a relações pessoais e interprofissionais, necessidade de apoio institucional e fragilidades na integração ensino-serviço. Em relação às potencialidades, destacaram-se a transformação provocada pelo apoio institucional, a reorganização do programa e dos cenários de prática profissional e a integralidade como foco das práticas profissionais. A EIP mostrou-se uma abordagem adequada ao contexto da RMS, reorientando a formação em saúde e contribuindo para fortalecer a identidade profissional, descontruir estereótipos e preconceitos profissionais, além de permitir aos residentes reconhecer competências comuns e complementares específicas e perceberem-se produzindo práticas interprofissionais colaborativas, com impactos positivos na qualidade da assistência, o que lhes causou satisfação profissional. Entretanto, o processo educacional causou intenso sofrimento aos participantes. Em síntese, considera-se que a efetivação da EIP no contexto da residência multiprofissional estudada requer medidas de ajuste relacionadas à sua implantação, condução e avaliação, de forma articulada entre os níveis individual, organizacional e político / The object of this study was the interprofessional qualification in multiprofessional residency programs in health (MRPH) by means of interprofessional education (IPE). The study objectives were to understand the limitations and strengths of multiprofessional residency programs in health for IPE; to describe the MRPH in the state of São Paulo; to identify a multiprofessional residency program in health with a highly favorable scenario for IPE and to analyze the perception of residents as regards the limitations and strengths of this program for IPE. This was an exploratory, descriptive study, using a qualitative approach. A documentary analysis of the six political-pedagogical projects (PPP) of the seven MRPH offered in the state of São Paulo was conducted to identify the most favorable program to IPE. In the sequence, a focus group was performed with the residents of the selected group. The empirical material resulting from the transcription of the focus group was submitted to the discourse analysis technique. Documentary analysis revealed close and distant points from IPE at all PPP analyzed, as well as elements related to the collaboration as purpose of the teaching and learning process, objectives of the educational program, didactic-pedagogical organization, pedagogical matrixes, curricular proposal, adoption of the model of competences and formats of institutional and teaching evaluation. In addition, it revealed the social commitment of all of the programs to education and its possibility of promoting improvements in the quality of care focused on comprehensiveness and on health needs. The most favorable program to interprofessional education was the Multiprofessional Residency in Health Care of the Federal University of São Paulo, at the Baixada Santista campus. The empirical material resulting from the transcription of the focus group with the residents evidenced themes that were inserted in the empirical categories defined a priori for the construction of the focus group script: Experiencing the multiprofessional residency, Limitations of the multiprofessional residency for IPE, Strengths of the multiprofessional residency for IPE and Impacts of the professional practices as an resident to improve care quality. The authors identified limitations related to personal and interprofessional relationships, the need for institutional support and weaknesses in the teaching-service integration. Regarding the strengths, the transformation caused by the institutional support, the reorganization of both the program and the scenarios of professional practice and comprehensiveness as focus of the professional practices stood out. Interprofessional education proved to be an appropriate approach to the context of multiprofessional residency in health, reorienting health education and contributing to strengthen professional identity, to deconstruct professional prejudice and stereotypes, besides allowing the residents to recognize common and specific complementary competences and to perceive themselves as producing collaborative interprofessional practices, with positive impacts in the quality of care, which led to professional satisfaction. However, the educational process caused intense suffering to the participants. In summary, developing IPE in the studied context of multiprofessional residency requires adjustment measures related to its implementation, conduction and evaluation, in an articulated manner among the individual, organizational and political levels

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Com a criaÃÃo e a expansÃo do Programa SaÃde da FamÃlia (PSF) no Brasil, a Medicina de FamÃlia e Comunidade (MFC), como especialidade mÃdica, ganhou destaque por ser a mais adequada para esse trabalho. Recentes parcerias entre os MinistÃrios da SaÃde e da EducaÃÃo tÃm procurado regular a formaÃÃo de recursos humanos em saÃde para atender Ãs demandas de consolidaÃÃo do Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS), no Ãmbito da graduaÃÃo e da pÃsgraduaÃÃo. Houve investimento no aumento no nÃmero de vagas de residÃncia em MFC, mas parece haver uma incongruÃncia entre o que os futuros mÃdicos almejam em suas carreiras e as necessidades do SUS, o que à demonstrado pelo nÃmero de vagas ociosas nesses programas. O objetivo inicial foi determinar fatores predisponentes à escolha da MFC como carreira. PorÃm, ao reconhecer o desinteresse por essa especialidade, buscou-se elencar hipÃteses explicativas para tal realidade. Foi, entÃo, realizado um estudo junto a 170 estudantes do Curso de Medicina de Sobral da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, que responderam um questionÃrio contendo 32 perguntas sobre dados sÃcio-demogrÃficos, escolha da especialidade, PSF e MFC e fatores que, na opiniÃo dos respondentes, influenciam a escolha da carreira a ser seguida. Encontrou-se que apenas um estudante referia jà ter escolhido a MFC como especialidade. Contudo, a grande maioria nÃo descarta a possibilidade de trabalhar provisoriamente no PSF. As provÃveis justificativas para esse desinteresse sÃo as precÃrias condiÃÃes de trabalho, desvalorizaÃÃo da atividade, baixos salÃrios, necessidade de interiorizar-se para ganhar melhor e poucas perspectivas de crescimento profissional. O currÃculo oculto, muito citado em trabalhos internacionais, tambÃm tem seu papel, mas nÃo foi adequadamente avaliado nesta pesquisa. Especialidades clÃnicas sÃo as mais almejadas por esses estudantes. Os fatores que mais influenciam a escolha da carreira, segundo os respondentes, sÃo interesses pessoais, compromisso Ãtico-social e possibilidade de realizar procedimentos diagnÃsticos ou terapÃuticos. Em conclusÃo, a escolha da carreira à multifatorial. O interesse pela MFC à modesto. Apesar de haver muitas propostas para aumentÃ-lo, estas nÃo trouxeram repercussÃo em alguns cenÃrios e nÃo estÃo confirmadas cientificamente. Mesmo assim, deve-se procurar identificar os fatores causais e sugerir ou ensaiar estratÃgias para reverter esse quadro. / The creation and expansion of the Family Health Program (FHP) in Brazil bring to Family Practice (FP), as medical specialty, highlight because itâs the more adequate one for that kind of work. Recent partnerships between Health and Education State Departments try to regulate the graduation and post graduation of health workers, attending the demands of consolidation of the National Health System of Brazil (NHS). Investments ware taken to increase FP residency position number, but maybe there is an incongruity between career intentions of future doctors and the needs of the Brazilian NHS, what is shown by the low number of positions filled in those programs. The initial objective of this research was to determine predisposing factors to choice of FP as career. However, upon recognizing the disinterest by that specialty, we try to list explanatory hypotheses for such reality. It was, then, carried out a study involving 170 medical students of Federal University of Cearà at Sobral, which answered a questionnaire containing 32 questions about demographic and social characteristics, choice of the specialty, FHP and FP and factors that, in the opinion of the students, influence the choice of career. It was found that only one student made a choice of FP as specialty. However, the great majority doesnât reject the possibility of work provisionally in the FHP. The probable justifications for this disinterest are the precarious conditions of work, depreciation of the activity, low income, better salaries in remote cities and few perspectives of professional growth. The hidden curriculum, cited by international articles, also play a role, but it was not evaluated accurately in this research. Clinical specialties are the most preferred by those students. The most influencing factors for career choice, according to students, are personal interests, ethical and social commitment and possibility of make diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. In conclusion, career choice has many influencing factors. The interest by FP is modest. Despite many proposals to increase interest, these did not bring repercussion in some settings and are not scientifically confirmed. Even so, such influencing factors it must be identified and strategies for revert that picture must be tried.

Introdução: A formação médica é um processo complexo que envolve a aquisição de diversas competências. Este processo desenvolve-se durante a graduação e tende a consolidarse na residência médica. Embora seja uma forma reconhecida de capacitação profissional, críticas são feitas em relação à sobrecarga de trabalho, carga horária excessiva e privação de sono. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar estratégias de gestão do tempo no cotidiano de médicos residentes de Clínica Médica em um hospital universitário de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Na 1° fase foram realizadas 8 entrevistas com médicos residentes abordando aspectos de vida pessoal, familiar, empregos, estudo teórico e atividades práticas. Realizada análise de conteúdo com auxílio do programa MaxQDA. Na 2° fase foram preenchidos protocolos de atividades diárias por 7 residentes, 5 no estágio de avaliação pré-operatória e 2 no estágio do pronto-socorro de clínica médica. Calculadas médias individuais e em grupo destes dados. Resultados: Após análise de conteúdo 5 categorias foram selecionadas: a) Organização do trabalho durante as atividades práticas da residência; b) Atividade para aprendizado ou atividade profissional?; c) Moradia, planejamento financeiro e atividades domésticas; d) Tempo para lazer e relacionamentos interpessoais; e) Planejamento familiar / filhos; f) Repouso / Sono. Há relatos de atividades remuneradas não vinculadas a residência, diminuindo o tempo previsto para repouso, estudo ou lazer. Nos períodos de plantões noturnos há uma piora do convívio social e familiar devido ao deslocamento do repouso para o período diurno. O grupo no estágio de avaliação pré-operatório, em dias de atividade na residência, apresentou mediana de tempo diário em atividade de 7,5h; em repouso noturno 6,7h; em estudo teórico 2,2h e no repouso diurno 0h. Para o grupo no estágio do prontosocorro de clínica médica, nos dias de atividades diurnas esses tempos foram 13,0h; 7,0h; 0h e 0h, respectivamente. Para os dias de atividades noturnas, foram 12,5h; 0h; 0h e 7,1h, respectivamente. Discussão: Há diferenças entre trabalho prescrito e real pois a duração da jornada é superior ao previsto em alguns estágios, devido a intercorrências e visitas em enfermarias. O aumento do período da residência permitiria diminuição da carga horária diária, mas impactaria no planejamento pessoal destes médicos. Há uma privação parcial de sono que piora em estágios com plantões, interferindo inclusive em relacionamentos sociais, principalmente fora do ambiente de trabalho. Durante plantões noturnos há um pior desempenho das atividades, incluindo incidentes como interpretação errônea de exames e erros de prescrição médica. Conclusões: Os residentes vivenciam um período de aprendizado intenso, mas que exige uma carga horária elevada e trabalho complexo, com períodos de plantões noturnos e em fins de semana. Optam por adiar o momento da maternidade /paternidade para centrar a atenção nos estudos, seja para a prova de título da especialidade, quanto para um novo concurso de residência. Há diversas estratégias adotadas para gestão do tempo: residir próximo ao hospital; auxílio das atividades domésticas por diaristas; realizar refeições nos restaurantes do hospital; adiamento da maternidade / paternidade; apoio social centrado no convívio com outros residentes e supervisores. / Introduction: Medical education concerns in a complex process which involves acquisition of a wide range of skills. This process develops from undergraduate education to medical residency, when it consolidates. As long as it is a recognized way of training, criticisms are made due to work overload, excessive working hours, and sleep deprivation. Objective: To describe and analyze strategies of time management in the daily life of Internal Medicine residents in a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: In the first phase, 8 interviews were conducted with resident physicians addressing aspects of personal and family life, jobs, theoretical study and practical activities. Data analysis was carried out using the MaxQDA program. In the second phase, protocols of daily activities were filled by 7 residents, 5 in the preoperative evaluation internship and 2 in the adult emergency room internship. Individual and group averages of the time spent with residency activities, rest, leisure, study and other jobs were performed. Results: After data analysis, 5 categories were selected: a) Organization of work during the practical activities of the residence; b) Activity for learning or professional activity?; c) Housing, financial planning and domestic activities; d) Time for leisure and interpersonal relationships; e) Family planning / children; f) Rest / Sleep. Paid activities beside the residency program were reported and responsible for decreasing the rest, study and leisure time. During the night shifts was noticed a decrease of social and family ties due to the change of resting hours towards the daytime. For the group in the preoperative evaluation internship, were identified the median daily time in activity of 7,5h of working time, 6,7h of night rest, 2,2h of internal medicine theory study and 0h of daytime rest. For the adult emergency room internship group, the activities hours were 13,0h; 7,0h; 0h and 0h, respectively. Lastly, for night shifts routines, the activities hours were 12,5h; 0h; 0h and 7,1h respectively. Discussion: There are differences between described and factual work since the working shift length is higher than anticipated in some internships, due to intercurrences and medical visits in wards. Increasing the duration of residency programs would let a decrease of daily working hours, but would impact in the personal planning of resident doctors. Sleep deprivation gets worse in internships composed by shift hours, impacting in social relationships outside work. During working shifts is notable a worse performance, being reported incidents such as lab tests misreading and prescription mistakes. Conclusions: Resident physicians experience a period of intense learning that requires a high and complex workload with night and weekend shifts. For that, maternity/paternity is postponed to aim studies for board or fellowship exams. There are various strategies used to improve time management: housing around hospital, support of maid services at home, oncampus feeding and social support centered on other residents and medical staff.

Objective. To determine the perceptions of junior pharmacy faculty members with US doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) degrees regarding their exposure to residency, fellowship, and graduate school training options in pharmacy school. Perceptions of exposure to career options and research were also sought. Methods. A mixed-mode survey instrument was developed and sent to assistant professors at US colleges and schools of pharmacy. Results. Usable responses were received from 735 pharmacy faculty members. Faculty members perceived decreased exposure to and awareness of fellowship and graduate education training as compared to residency training. Awareness of and exposure to academic careers and research-related fields was low from a faculty recruitment perspective. Conclusions. Ensuring adequate exposure of pharmacy students to career paths and postgraduate training opportunities could increase the number of PharmD graduates who choose academic careers or other pharmacy careers resulting from postgraduate training.

Objectives. To develop and validate an instrument to assess subjective ratings of the perceived value of various postgraduate training paths followed using expectancy-value as a theoretical framework; and to explore differences in value beliefs across type of postgraduate training pursued and type of pharmacy training completed prior to postgraduate training. Methods. A survey instrument was developed to sample 4 theoretical domains of subjective task value: intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, and perceived cost. Retrospective self-report methodology was employed to examine respondents’ (N=1,148) subjective task value beliefs specific to their highest level of postgraduate training completed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic techniques were used to evaluate and validate value belief constructs. Results. Intrinsic, attainment, utility, cost, and financial value constructs resulted from exploratory factor analysis. Cross-validation resulted in a 26-item instrument that demonstrated good model fit. Differences in value beliefs were noted across type of postgraduate training pursued and pharmacy training characteristics. Conclusions. The Postgraduate Training Value Instrument demonstrated evidence of reliability and construct validity. The survey instrument can be used to assess value beliefs regarding multiple postgraduate training options in pharmacy and potentially inform targeted recruiting of individuals to those paths best matching their own value beliefs.

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Qualified registered nurses are needed to provide bedside care to patients, yet there is a known registered nurse shortage in the United States, which has a global impact on the healthcare industry. Contributing to the nursing shortage is turnover, which is partly due to the inadequacies of preparation for role transition of newly qualified registered nurses. The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study was to determine if there was a relationship between retention and nursing career satisfaction of registered nurses who experience a transition to practice program and those who did not. Duchscher's transition shock theory served as the theoretical basis of this study. The Mariani Nursing Career Satisfaction Scale and the Turnover Intention Scale were completed by 271 registered nurses with 24 months or less of bedside clinical practice. Data collected were analyzed by performing a one-way multivariate analysis of variance. Results revealed there was no statistically significant difference between those who did and those who did not have a transition to practice program on the combined dependent variables of nursing career satisfaction and retention. A positive linear relationship was found between nursing career satisfaction and retention. Retaining satisfied nurses and easing the burden associated with transitioning into practice can impact positive social change. The positive social change can also impact other healthcare professionals, businesses, and consumers who are associated with the newly qualified registered nurse who is transitioning into practice. Results from this study can inspire future researchers to continue to focus on seeking effective methods that will increase nursing career satisfaction and retention of newly qualified registered nurses transitioning into practice.

Scansion is the act of discerning a poem’s meter and measure to discover its overall meaning. To achieve beauty in poetry, just as in interior design, content must continually be in conversation with form. And, just as a building must be scaled against the human figure to determine its final shape, a poem is scaled against human breath, the breadth of our sounds. Scan & Scansion is a Richmond-based residency with a six-month term providing a work, living and exhibition space to poets and artists who wish to work collaboratively across disciplines. As the program is essentially about applied poetics and process, it presents the perfect moment to place these two modes of measurement alongside one another, exploring how poetics may be used as a design driver--how a space might be both architectural and lyrical, and, ultimately, how poetry and the arts, or the sound and the image, may enrich each other.

The importance of nurse residency programs is addressed in the literature; however, a review of residency program outcomes and effectiveness is needed. Guided by Roy's adaptation model and Deming's plan-do-check-act model, the purpose of this quality improvement project was to assess the current state of a longstanding critical care nurse residency program in meeting organizational goals and objectives and to recommend modifications to the program related to external factors, internal challenges, and educational deficits of nurses entering the program. A review of the evidence-based literature and feedback from focus groups of leadership stakeholders were used to develop recommendations for residency program improvement. Using qualitative analysis of the focus group data, three common themes emerged related to external factors: financial resources, patient acuity, and generational differences that influence nurse satisfaction with the residency program. Three additional themes emerged related to organizational barriers to satisfaction with the program: preceptor availability and development, limited training hours due to productivity standards, and leader time to support novice nurses. Reality shock when starting to practice in the high acuity critical care area was the most frequently reported educational deficit among new nurses. Recommendations for program improvement included obtaining feedback from residency program participants and preceptors, initiating preceptor development pathways, reinstituting a dedicated cost center for nurse residents' training, and using competency assessment tools to customize training plans for residency program participants. This project has the potential for social change by increasing job satisfaction and retention of new nurses and improving health outcomes in critical care patients.