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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Children's Religious Coping Following Residential Fires: An Exploratory Study

Wang, Yanping 05 May 2004 (has links)
Recent advancements in the general child disaster literature underscore the important role of coping in children's postdisaster adjustment. Religious coping in children, a potentially important category of coping strategies, has received little attention until recent years. Moreover, its role in the context of post fire adjustment has not been studied. The present study examined the psychometric soundness of the Religious Coping Activities Scale (RCAS; Pargament et al., 1990) in children and adolescents and explored its utility in predicting children's religious coping over time: moreover, the study evaluated its role in predicting PTSD symptomatology over an extended period of time. This investigation included 140 children and adolescents (ages 8-18). Factor analyses of the RCAS revealed a 6-factor solution very similar to the factor structure in the original study. This finding suggests that the RCAS is a promising instrument to measure children's religious coping efforts. Hypotheses concerning the prediction of children's religious coping were only partially supported. Regression analyses indicated mixed findings in terms of the contributions of selected variables to the prediction of children's Spiritually Based Coping and Religious Discontent. Overall, the regression model predicted Religious Discontent better than Spiritually Based Coping. A mixed-effects regression model and hierarchical regression analyses were both employed to examine the role of children's religious coping in predicting short-term and long-term PTSD symptomatology following the residential fires. Results from the mixed-effects regression indicated that loss, time since the fire, child's age, race, and race by age interaction significantly predicted children's PTSD symptoms over time. However, time specific regression analyses revealed different predictive power of the variables across the three assessment waves. Specifically, analyses with Time 1 data revealed the same findings as did the mixed-effects model, except that time since the fire was not a significant predictor in this analysis. General coping strategies appeared to be the only salient predictors for PTSD at Time 2. Finally, Religious Discontent appeared to be negatively related to PTSD at a later time. / Ph. D.
2

Coping Strategies Form Systems that Regulate PTSD Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: Exploring the Regulatory Hypothesis

Carvajal, Franklin 09 July 2007 (has links)
This study investigated the potential regulatory effects of various coping strategies on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It first divided PTSD symptoms and selected coping strategies into cognitive, social/motivational, and emotional types. The study then conceptualized each of the preceding types of coping strategies as being controlled stress responses and the PTSD symptoms as being semiautomatic stress responses. It lastly proposed that coping strategies be further divided into activating controlled stress response and deactivating controlled stress response. Controlled stress responses are coping strategies that are consciously initiated and implemented. Semiautomatic stress responses are PTSD symptoms that spontaneously emerge without conscious intent. Activating controlled stress responses consisted of the following coping strategies: seeking understanding, avoidant actions, and expressing feelings. Deactivating controlled stress responses encompassed: positive cognitive restructuring, emotion-focused support, and physical release of emotions. Semiautomatic stress responses entailed: reexperiencing, numbing, and arousal symptoms. It was proposed that cognitive, social/motivational, and emotional activating controlled stress responses would increase corresponding cognitive, social/motivational, and emotional semiautomatic stress responses. In the same vein, it was expected that cognitive, social/motivational, and emotional deactivating controlled stress responses would decrease respective semiautomatic stress responses. To illustrate, it was predicted that with regard to the cognitive regulatory system, its activating cognitive controlled stress response (seeking understanding) would exacerbate the frequency of associated cognitive semiautomatic stress responses (reexperiencing PTSD symptoms) whereas its deactivating cognitive controlled stress response (positive cognitive restructuring) would ameliorate it. Path analyses were conducted on correlation matrices whose elements represented two coping strategies (e.g., an activating controlled stress response: seeking understanding, and a deactivating controlled stress response: positive cognitive restructuring) and one PTSD symptom cluster of the same nature (e.g., the semiautomatic stress response: reexperiencing). Data were obtained from a sample of sixty-four children and adolescents ages 8-18. The coping strategies were assessed via ratings on items included in the How I Cope Under Pressure (HICUPS) instrument and the PTSD clusters through the use of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA). Only one hypothesis was partially supported. It was found that the social/motivational activating controlled stress response (avoidant actions) indeed increased social/motivational semiautomatic stress responses (numbing symptoms). / Ph. D.
3

Framgångsfaktorer för räddningstjänstens operativa arbete vid brand i bostad

Snefuglli Sondell, Kerstin, Korpinen, Hampus January 2017 (has links)
Bränder som innefattar många drabbade eller ger stor förstörelse är oftast de som blir mest omtalade. Efter händelsen sker ett omfattande utredningsarbete för att förelägga hur det som inte fick hända kunde ske. Utredningen beskriver även räddningstjänstens val av metod och taktik för att kunna nyttja detta för framtida insatser. Vad som däremot lätt glöms bort är de insatser då räddningstjänstens arbete får god effekt och resulterar i att olyckans skada begränsas. Detta examensarbete kommer beröra just dessa händelser av brand i bostad, då räddningstjänstens arbete får den effekt som eftersträvas, det vill säga arbetet har lett till en lyckad insats. Arbetet kommer därefter belysa vilka faktorer som legat till grund för att insatsen blivit lyckad, så kallade framgångsfaktorer. Syftet med arbetet är att identifiera framgångsfaktorer vid lyckade insatser för brand i bostad. Framgångsfaktorerna ska ligga till grund för att skapa ett utvecklingsunderlag berörande metod- och taktikval inom räddningstjänsten. För att göra detta krävs en tydlig definition av innebörden av en lyckad insats. Utifrån syftet har följande frågeställningar formulerats: Vad innebär att en insats är lyckad? Vad innebär framgångsfaktorer för operativa insatser vid brand i bostad? Vilka framgångsfaktorer kan identifieras inom de utvalda insatserna och hur kan de identifieras, finns det gemensamma? Hur kan framgångsfaktorer nyttjas? Metoderna som tillämpats är kvalitativa intervjuer och granskning av bland annat händelserapporter från utvalda insatser av brand i bostad. Ansvarigt befäl för samtliga händelser tillfrågades att delta som respondenter till intervjustudien. Intervjufrågorna är framtagna med avsikt att besvara rapportens tre frågeställningar. Arbetet ger ett resultat som beskriver följande framgångsfaktorer för brand i bostad: Riktig och tillräcklig information i ett tidigt skede Ett snabbt motiverat agerande för att direkt slå ner branden Yttre faktorer som räddningstjänsten inte kan påverka: Agerande av utomstående innan räddningsinsatsen påbörjats Byggnadens utformning Brandens placering Delegera ansvar och uppgifter Ett tydligt definierat mål som samtliga eftersträvar Utbildning och kunskap, tidigare erfarenheter, nya metoder Tillgängliga resurser Ha god kvalitet vid omhändertagande av de drabbade, såväl på plats som efteråt Samverkan mellan berörda aktörerHa en helhetssyn över situationen och samtliga aktörers behov Ha förståelse för olika aktörers perspektiv av situationen Ha ett gemensamt språk mellan aktörer för att undvika missförstånd Dela information mellan inblandade aktörer för att undvika dubbelarbete Slutligen belyser arbetet hur räddningstjänstens kunskapsutbyte ser ut i dagsläget.

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