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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Magnesium alloys as a bioresorbable implant material

Thornton, Robert January 2011 (has links)
The use of magnesium as a bioresorbable implant material has been gaining large amounts of interest over the last five years. Mg alloys by nature corrode rapidly comparative to other engineering metals, Mg is also naturally found in the body, meaning it offers a potential degradable material which can support far higher stresses than the current biodegradable polymers. Magnesium Elektron wanted to gain an understanding of how Mg alloys would work in this new environment and find a potential alloy fit for purpose. This thesis outlines the progress the author and Magnesium Elektron have made in achieving those goals. Initally, to form an understanding of what occurs when Mg is implanted into the body. Osteoblast trials were used to determine in vitro responses and effects on the various Mg alloys. These studies showed that high corrosion rates initially seen when Mg alloys are placed in cell culture medium have a lower cell numbers. Most likely due to local pH rise. The effect is inherent to all Mg alloys irrespective of their overall corrosion rate. However, after the initial corrosion spike, surviving cells on the surface would proliferate and attach well. The attached cells on Mg also showed a phenotype expression change compared to those on glass. It was then established that lowering the corrosion rate of the current Mg alloys was now key. Initially this involved modifications to current alloys. Annealing ML4 at 350°C for 8 hours was found optimal and lowered corrosion rates by 20-30%. Further work looked at modifing alloys by changes to chemical composition. It was discoveredd that additions of 8wt% Er to ML4 made corrosion rates drop by 6-8 times in SBF. Additions of Gd in ML4 also gave low corrosion, 2 times less than ML4. Calcium also lowered corrosion rates slightly. The modifications to the Mg surface was also looked into to lower the initial corrosion rate and potentially alter the biocompatibility of the alloys. Two successful techniques were found. Firstly organo-silanes were found to protect Mg for around 4 days, with reductions in corrosion rate of 6 times in the first hours. Silanes were also successfully used as anchors to graft polythene gycol to create a non fouling surface, which could protentially lower stent restenosis. Secondly, Magnetron sputtered hydroxyapatite was used to lower corrosion rates by 6 times in the first 24 hours with no visible hydrogen gas being evolved in the first hours.
2

Nouveau dispositif médical auto-déployable, résorbable et anti-adhérentiel : application à la prise en charge des adhérences intra-utérines / New self-deployable, resorbable and anti-adhesive medical device for the prevention of intrauterine adhesions

Leprince, Salomé 09 December 2016 (has links)
Diagnostiquées à partir de douleurs pelviennes, de dysfonctionnements menstruels ou dans le cadre d’un bilan d’infertilité, les adhérences intra-utérines sont des accolements fibreux des faces internes de la cavité utérine, qui peuvent obstruer partiellement ou totalement la cavité utérine. Tout acte traumatique dans la cavité utérine est considéré comme pourvoyeurs d’adhérences post-opératoires. Pour prévenir l’apparition de ces adhérences intra-utérines, nous avons développé un dispositif médical anti-adhérentiel, résorbable et autodéployable. Pour cela, nous avons synthétisé une famille de copolymères innovants constitués de poly (acide lactique) – poly (éthylène oxyde) – poly (acide lactique) avec des propriétés de gonflement adaptés à l’application. L’évaluation biologique in vitro des copolymères a permis de démontrer l’absence de cytotoxicité et le caractère anti-adhérentiel des biomatériaux en contact avec des cellules endométriales humaines. Les études in vivo ont permis de démontrer l’efficacité du copolymère sélectionné comme barrière physique résorbable permettant la non-adhérence de tissus lésés. L’implantation du copolymère n’entraîne pas de réactions biologiques majeures dans les cornes utérines et n’altère pas la fonction de reproduction de l’animal. De plus, l’étude du déploiement du dispositif dans des utérus issus d’hystérectomies chez des patientes nous a permis de confirmer que le dispositif médical développé est adapté à la morphologie utérine. / The symptoms of intrauterine adhesions are pelvic pain, menstrual abnormalities and infertility. Intrauterine adhesions result in the fibrous adherence of opposing uterine walls, which produce partial or complete obliteration in the uterine cavity. Trauma to a gravid uterine cavity is known to be the main cause of adhesions formation. In order to prevent postsurgical adhesion formation, a new anti-adhesive and resorbable medical device was developed to maintain separated uterine walls after surgical trauma. Anti-adhesive barrier was obtained from polylactic acid – polyethylene oxyde – polylactic acid triblock copolymers presenting specific swelling properties. In vitro biocompatibility and anti-adhesive effects of triblock copolymers were demonstrated using human endometrial cells. In vivo adhesion models have allowed us to confirm the anti-adhesive efficiency and the accuracy of the degradation time of a copolymer. This copolymer does not cause major biological responses after implantation in uterine horns and does not alter reproductive functions. A deployment study of the medical device in uterus of patients from hysterectomy has allowed us to demonstrate that our medical device is adapted to the uterine morphology.
3

Développement d'une prothèse biliaire résorbable pour sécuriser l'anastomose biliaire en transplantation hépatique / Development of a resorbable internal biliary stent to secure biliary anastomosis in liver transplantation

Girard, Edouard 19 October 2018 (has links)
Nous avons récemment démontré un bénéfice de l’implantation d’un drain biliaire interne (IBS-Internal Biliary Stent) afin de réduire les complications biliaires en transplantation hépatique. Le drain IBS en silicone est utilisé en pratique clinique, son utilisation nécessite une procédure d’ablation endoscopique, intervention qui n’est pas dénuée de complications. Afin d’éviter cela, et pour réduire les complications biliaires après transplantation hépatique, nous avons cherché à développer une prothèse biliaire interne résorbable (RIBS-Resorbable Internal Biliary Stent), fabriquée à partir d'un polymère dégradable radio-opaque. Pour être implantable, le RIBS doit répondre à un cahier des charges.Le premier objectif de ce travail était de synthétiser le matériau et le mettre en forme à partir d'un copolymère tribloc initialement sélectionné de PLA50-PEG-PLA50 avec un additif radio-opaque composé d’un copolymère de triiodobenzoate-poly(-caprolactone) (PCL-TIB). Le RIBS doit non seulement être toléré par l’organisme mais doit permettre de sécuriser l’anastomose biliaire et favoriser la régénération tissulaire biliaire pour ensuite être éliminée de l’organisme. Ce dispositif doit également répondre aux objectifs très strictes liés à l’implantation et au suivi en TH. Le second objectif était de caractériser le RIBS de PCL-TIB/PLA50-PEG-PLA50, en évaluant si les propriétés au cours de la dégradation in vitro et in vivo étaient conformes au cahier des charges. Une étude in vitro dans un environnement biliaire simulé et une étude in vivo chez le rat ont été réalisées. Nous avons observé les propriétés physico-chimiques, la visualisation radiologique, l'histologie et le comportement mécanique au cours de la dégradation. Enfin, le dernier objectif était d'évaluer l'implantabilité ex vivo dans les voies biliaires humaines, avec une étude du comportement mécanique des voies biliaires et des tests d'implantation sur des pièces anatomiques.Dans cette thèse, le comportement radiologique et mécanique du dispositif RIBS innovant a été évalué avec succès au cours la dégradation in vitro et in vivo, avec des propriétés qui répondaient aux exigences. Un prototype de RIBS a été implanté avec succès dans une pièce anatomique humaine. Ces travaux ont permis le développement d’un dispositif innovant, à savoir un IBS traçable et biodégradable utilisable pour réduire les complications biliaires en transplantation hépatique. / Benefit of implantation of an internal biliary stent (IBS) during liver transplantation to reduce biliary complications was recently demonstrated. Silicone IBS was used in practice, which require an endoscopic ablation procedure, a potentially morbid intervention for the patient. In order to avoid this, and to reduce biliary complications after liver transplantation we develop a resorbable internal biliary stent (RIBS), made from a degradable polymer visualizable by X-ray. To be usable and useful, RIBS must comply specifications, which are developed in this thesis.The first aim of the present work, was to synthetize a material based on a selected PLA50-PEG-PLA50 triblock copolymer with a triiodobenzoate-poly(-caprolactone) radiopaque copolymer (PCL-TIB) as additive and design a RIBS. It must be biocompatible, should secure the biliary anastomosis and enable biliary regeneration. This device will also have to meet the very strict objectives related to implementation and monitoring in liver transplantation. The second objective was to characterize the PCL-TIB/PLA50-PEG-PLA50 RIBS, by evaluating whether properties during in vitro and in vivo degradation complied the specifications. An in vitro study in a simulated biliary environment and an in vivo rats implantation study was realized. We observed physico-chemical properties, radiological visualization, histology, and mechanical behavior during degradation. The last aim was to evaluate ex vivo implantability in human bile ducts, with the study of the bile duct mechanical behavior, and implantation tests on anatomic specimens.In this thesis, radiological and mechanical behaviour of novel radiopaque and resorbable IBS was successfully evaluated during in vitro and in vivo degradation with properties that meet requirements. A RIBS prototype device was successfully implanted in human anatomic specimen. The results obtained will allow the development of a novel class of trackable and degradable IBS to reduce biliary complications after liver transplantation.
4

History and Development of a Novel Resorbable Electrospun Optically Based Sensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring via Oxygen Detection

Reinsch, Bonnie January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
5

Experimentelle Untersuchung zur Alveolarkammaugmentation mit Trikalziumphosphat-Hydroxylapatit-Komposit eingebettet in eine Poloxamermatrix / Experimental investigation of a self-curing resorbable polymer combined with tricalciumphosphate/hydroxylapatite grafting material in vertical ridge augmentations

Köwing, Mona 16 March 2015 (has links)
No description available.
6

Klinische und biomechanische Untersuchungen nach operativer Versorgung von Mittelhandfrakturen mit resorbierbaren Implantaten / Clinical and biomechanical observations following operative treatment of metacarpal fractures with resorbable implants

Appelt, Daniel 06 July 2011 (has links)
No description available.
7

Treatment of craniosynostoses

Salokorpi, N. (Niina) 31 October 2017 (has links)
Abstract This work evaluated the safety and effectiveness of operative techniques used in cranioplastic surgery and outcomes of these surgical methods. In study I the feasibility of endocranial fixation in frontal remodeling surgery for metopic and coronal synostosis was established. Good to excellent aesthetic results were seen in 96% of cases evaluated by a surgeon at the time of follow-up. Three patients out of 27 had complications requiring revisions. No mortality or permanent morbidity, nor complications related to endocranial placement of the plates were seen. Thus it was verified that placing resorbable material intracranially reduces the aesthetic impact without hindering the final result. Study II found that posterior cranial vault distraction procedures produced a mean increase of 25% in intracranial volume. This proved to be an effective technique for treating a variety of craniosynostosis with significant shortage of intracranial volume. 3D photogrammetric imaging was found to be a suitable non-ionizing method for evaluation of cranial volume increase following distraction. In study III a new tool was developed and successfully used for the intraoperative guidance of distractor device placement to ensure congruent vectors and thus reduced complications of these surgical procedures. In study IV long-term functional and aesthetic outcomes of the surgical treatment for sagittal synostoses in patients reaching adulthood was examined. The mean follow-up time was 26.5 years and the patients were 18 to 41 years old at the time of follow-up. The patients treated for sagittal synostosis were equally satisfied with their facial appearance as were their age and gender matched controls. Independent panels found patients’ appearance to be slightly less attractive, but the difference was less than 10 mm on a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale, representing a low clinical significance. Patients’ socioeconomic situation such as education, housing, employment and marital status equaled controls with similar frequencies of headaches, mental problems or health issues as the controls. / Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin kallon saumojen ennenaikaisen luutumisen (kraniosynostoosi) leikkausmenetelmien tehokkuutta ja turvallisuutta sekä pitkäaikaisia tuloksia. Leikkausmenetelmä, jossa epämuotoinen kallo uudelleenmuotoillaan ja luiset osat kiinnitetään toisiinsa kallon sisäpuolelle asennettavilla ja kudokseen hajoavilla levyillä oli tehokas ja luotettava (N=27). Jälkitarkastuksessa tulos arvioitiin erinomaiseksi tai hyväksi 96 %:lla tapauksista. Leikkaushoitoa vaativia ongelmia tai komplikaatioita esiintyi kolmella, mutta pysyvää haittaa ei jäänyt. Komplikaatiot eivät johtuneet levyjen sijainnista kallon sisällä. Saumojen ennenaikaisesta luutumisesta johtuvaa kallon tilavuuden alenemaa hoidettiin venytyshoidolla (N=30). Menetelmällä saavutettiin keskimäärin 25 %:n lisääntyminen tilavuudessa, ja se soveltuukin erityisen hyvin potilaille, joilla tarvitaan suuri tilavuuden lisääntyminen. Leikkaustekniikkaan ei liittynyt isoja komplikaatioita. Tulosta arvioitiin osalla potilaista kolmiulotteisella valokuvauksella, joka perinteisistä seurantamenetelmistä poiketen ei altista ionisoivalle säteilylle, ja se osoittautui käyttökelpoiseksi seurantamenetelmäksi. Venytyshoitoa varten kallon pintaan kiinnitettävät pidennyslaitteet tulee asettaa yhdensuuntaisesti, ja se on teknisesti haasteellista. Työssä kehitettiin kirurginen instrumentti, jolla venyttimet voidaan luotettavammin asetella samansuuntaisiksi. Uusi tekniikka ehkäisee mekaanisia ongelmia, joita muuten voisi ilmetä erisuuntaisten venyttimien välillä pidennyksen edetessä. Lapsuudessa venekallon johdosta leikattujen potilaiden (N=40) pitkäaikaiset hoitotulokset sekä selviytyminen elämässä 26.5 vuoden seuranta-ajan jälkeen olivat hyviä. Heidän taloudellinen ja sosiaalinen tilanne (koulutus, asumismuoto, työllistyminen, siviilisääty ym.) ei eronnut ikä- ja sukupuolivakioitujen vertailuhenkilöiden (N=40) tilanteesta. Yleisessä terveydentilassa, päänsärkyjen esiintymisessä ja mielenterveysongelmissa ei ollut eroa. Potilaiden tyytyväisyys omaan ulkonäköönsä oli samankaltainen kuin vertailuhenkilöillä. Ulkopuolisen asiantuntijapaneelin tekemän arvion perusteella potilaiden kasvojen ulkonäkö oli vähemmän miellyttävä kuin vertailuhenkilöillä, mutta ero oli vähäinen (<10 % ero visual analogue scale, VAS, asteikolla). Asiantuntijapaneeli teki arvionsa tietämättä onko arvioitava henkilö potilas vai vertailuhenkilö.

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