Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-25T14:57:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lais_matos_oliveira.pdf: 1897599 bytes, checksum: f8cca6f71386c22ad68bc755f7803402 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-05-16T19:49:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lais_matos_oliveira.pdf: 1897599 bytes, checksum: f8cca6f71386c22ad68bc755f7803402 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T19:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lais_matos_oliveira.pdf: 1897599 bytes, checksum: f8cca6f71386c22ad68bc755f7803402 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as caracter?sticas fisiol?gicas de diferentes grupos gen?ticos mantidos no cerrado. Foram avaliados 48 bovinos de corte criados em sistema precoce para abate aos 24 meses, sendo seis machos e seis f?meas de cada grupo gen?tico (Nelore, ? Nelore x ?Caracu, ? Caracu x ? Nelore, ? Angus x ? Nelore x ?Caracu). Os par?metros fisiol?gicos taxa de suda??o (TS), frequ?ncia card?aca (FC), frequ?ncia respirat?ria (FR), temperatura retal (TR), temperatura da superf?cie corporal (TSC) foram obtidos entre 07:00 e 12:00h. Foram avaliados o comprimento, n?mero de pelos por unidade de ?rea, densidade de massa dos pelos e di?metro m?dio dos pelos. A colora??o do pelo e pele foram avaliadas por meio da Tabela Padr?o e do color?metro MniScan XE Plus. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial com seis repeti??es. Foi utilizado o procedimento GLM do SAS, adotando-se para compara??o de m?dias o teste t com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. O NEL apresentou maior FR seguido pelo ?NCAR. A FC foi maior no ver?o. A TS foi maior no ver?o em rela??o ao outono. A TR foi maior no ?NCAR, seguido pelo ?CAR, sendo a menor TR observada no NEL e TRI. Houve correla??o positiva entre a temperatura do olho e a temperatura retal. Os pelos do dorso e garupa foram mais compridos no outono, e, em rela??o ao sexo, maiores nas f?meas. O comprimento dos pelos na garupa foi maior no TRI, seguido pelo ?CAR, NEL e ?NCAR. O di?metro dos pelo do dorso foi maior para o ?NCAR, seguido pelo ?CAR, TRI e NEL. O n?mero de pelos na garupa foi maior n?mero no ver?o. Os pelos do dorso foram mais inclinados no ?NCAR, seguidos pelo ?CAR, NEL e TRI. No ver?o, os pelos do dorso permaneceram mais inclinados, e, em rela??o ao sexo, os machos tiveram maior inclina??o no dorso e garupa. A densidade dos pelos no dorso e garupa foi maior no outono. Os pelos da garupa foram mais densos no ?NCAR, seguidos do ?CAR, TRI e NEL. A EC no dorso foi maior no TRI, seguida pelo NEL, ?CAR e ?NCAR. Entre os sexos a EC foi maior nas f?meas. A EC na garupa foi maior no TRI, seguida pelo ?CAR, NEL e ?NCAR. Os pelos tanto do dorso quanto da garupa foram mais claros no NEL. Os pelos mais escuros no dorso foram observados no TRI e na garupa no ?CAR. O grupo gen?tico que demonstrou maior adapta??o ? cria??o no Cerrado foi o NEL seguido do ?NCAR. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The objective with this study was to evaluate the physiological characteristics of different genetic groups maintained in the savannah. Thirty-eight beef cattle raised in a system to be slaughter at 24 months of age were evaluated, with six males and six females of each genetic group (Nellore; ? Nellore x ? Caracu; ? Caracu x ? Nellore; and ? Angus x ? Nellore x ? Caracu). Sweating rate (SR), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and body surface temperature (BST) were obtained between 07:00 and 12:00. Length, number of furs per unit area, mass density of the fur, and the average furs diameter were assessed. Fur and skin coloring were evaluated using the Standard Table and the MniScan XE Plus colorimeter. The experimental design was the completely randomized in a factorial scheme with six replicates. The GLM procedure of SAS was used, adopting the t test for mean comparison with significance level of 5%. The NEL presented higher RR followed by ? NCAR. The HR was higher in the summer. The SR was greater in the summer compared with the autumn. The RT was higher in the ?NCAR, followed by ?CAR, with the lower RT observed in NEL and TRI. There was a positive correlation between eye temperature and rectal temperature. The furs of the dorsum and rump were longer in the autumn, and, in relation to sex, larger in females. The fur length on the rump was longer in TRI, followed by ?CAR, NEL and ?NCAR. The fur diameter on the dorsum was larger for ?NCAR, followed by ?CAR, TRI and NEL. The number of furs on the rump was higher in the summer. The furs on the dorsum were more inclined in ?NCAR, followed by ?CAR, NEL, and TRI. In the summer, the furs on the dorsum remained more leaned, and, in relation to sex, the males have a higher inclination on the dorsum and rump. Fur density on the dorsum and rump was higher in autumn. The furs of the rump were denser in ?NCAR, followed by ?CAR, TRI, and NEL. The EC on the dorsum was higher in TRI, followed by NEL, ? CAR, and ?NCAR. Among the sexes, the EC was higher in females. The EC on the rump was higher in TRI, followed by ? CAR, NEL and ?NCAR. The furs on both dorsum and rump were clearer in the NEL. The darker furs on the dorsum were observed on TRI and on the rump on ? CAR. The genetic group that demonstrated the greatest adaptation to the raising in the savannah was NEL followed by ?NCAR.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 739809 bytes, checksum: 69524346956f11b5bb2a849577857347 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The competitive ability of crops and weeds is related to the efficient use of environmental resources. However, it may also be related to the associations of these species with soil microbiota and the ability to change it to minimize interference. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the interference of five weeds in dry matter accumulation of corn plants and in the relative content of nutrients, as well as evaluate the biomass and microbial activity associated with weeds and corn in monoculture and in competition, in soils with diferent fertility managements. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, considering four soil fertility managements (with calcium and magnesium silicate and fertilization; with limestone and fertilization; without correction of acidity, but with fertilization; without correction of acidity and without fertilization) and five arrangements competition between Zea mays and the weeds Brachiaria brizantha, Ipomoea grandifolia, Conyza canadensis, Bidens pilosa and Hyptis suaveolens, addition of species in monoculture and soils without plants. The coexistence of corn with weeds caused average reductions of 43.9%, 39.8% and 41.9% in dry matter of shoot, root and total culture, respectively. Under interference of B. brizantha, the corn had reductions exceeding 50% in the content of all macronutrients, being this weed the most damaging to the culture. Additionally, B. brizantha and B. pilosa in competition with corn stood out among the other weeds and has high ability to extract and use macronutrients in the four soil conditions. There was a tendency of reduction of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in soils that receive were not correction acidity. B. pilosa and the arrangement formed by Z. mays and B. brizantha, showed high values of MBC, regardless of soil management. Low biological activity was observed in soil without acidity correction and without fertilization. In soil with calcium and magnesium silicate and maize plants in monoculture, the metabolic quotient (qCO2) was higher than the value observed with the weeds in monoculture and in competition arrangements, suggesting greater susceptibility of this system for carbon losses. Z. mays in competition with H. suaveolens was the arrangement that had greater preservation of organic matter (<qCO2) in the four soils. The weeds showed different competitive abilities causing reductions in the dry matter and nutrients accumulation in the corn plants, and showed distinct potential for nutrient cycling, depending on soil condition. Calcium and magnesium silicate and limestone did not differ in the weed interference on the dry biomass of corn plants, being the influence of these sources variable on nutrient accumulation by plants in monoculture or under interference. The microbial biomass and activity were altered by plant species, interference and managements of soil fertility. The manipulation of soil microorganisms may be a strategy used by corn and, or the weeds to minimize the competition in a given soil. / A habilidade competitiva das culturas e das plantas daninhas está relacionada à utilização eficiente dos recursos do meio na qual se encontram. No entanto, pode também estar relacionada com as associações dessas espécies com a microbiota do solo e a capacidade de alterá-la para minimizar a interferência. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos da interferência de cinco plantas daninhas no acúmulo de matéria seca e no conteúdo relativo de macronutrientes de plantas de milho, bem como a biomassa e a atividade microbiana associada às plantas daninhas e de milho em monocultivo e em competição, em solos com diferentes manejos de fertilidade. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, considerando-se como primeiro fator quatro manejos de fertilidade do solo (com silicato de cálcio e magnésio e adubação; com calcário e adubação; sem correção de acidez, mas com adubação; sem correção de acidez e sem adubação) e como segundo fator cinco arranjos de competição entre Zea mays e as plantas daninhas Brachiaria brizantha, Ipomoea grandifolia, Conyza canadensis, Hyptis suaveolens e Bidens pilosa, acrescido das seis espécies em monocultivo e de solo sem cultivo. A convivência do milho com plantas daninhas provocou reduções médias de 43,9%, 39,8% e 41,9% na massa da matéria seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total da cultura, respectivamente. Sob interferência de B. brizantha, o milho apresentou reduções superiores a 50% no conteúdo de todos os macronutrientes, sendo esta a planta daninha mais danosa a cultura. Adicionalmente, B. brizantha e B. pilosa em competição com o milho se destacaram entre as demais plantas daninhas, apresentando elevada habilidade de extração e utilização de macronutrientes nas quatro condições de solo. Observou-se tendência de redução do carbono da biomassa microbina (CBM) nos solos que não tiveram correção de acidez. B. pilosa e o arranjo formado por Z. mays e B. brinzantha, independente do solo, apresentaram elevados valores de CBM. Baixa atividade biológica foi verificada no solo sem correção de acidez e sem adubação. No solo corrigido com silicato de cálcio e magnésio e cultivado com milho livre de interferência, o quociente metabólico (qCO2) foi maior do que com as plantas daninhas em monocultivo e arranjos de competição, sugerindo maior suscetibilidade desse sistema a perdas de carbono. Z. mays em competição com H. suaveolens mostrou ser o sistema misto mais conservativo da matéria orgânica (<qCO2) nos quatro manejos de fertilidade do solo. As plantas daninhas apresentaram não só habilidades competitivas distintas, provocando reduções consideráveis no acúmulo de matéria seca e nutrientes das plantas de milho, como também potencial diferenciado para ciclagem dos nutrientes estudados, a depender da condição de solo. Silicato de cálcio e magnésio e calcário não diferiram quanto à interferência das plantas daninhas sobre o acúmulo de biomassa seca das plantas de milho, sendo variável a influência dessas fontes sobre o acúmulo de nutrientes pelas plantas em monocultivo ou sob interferência. A biomassa e atividade microbiana foram alteradas pelas espécies de plantas, pela convivência e pelos manejos de fertilidade do solo, e a manipulação dos microrganismos do solo pode ser uma estratégia utilizada pela cultura do milho e, ou pelas plantas daninhas para minimizar a competição em determinado ambiente.

Primeiramente objetivou-se neste estudo examinar dentre os principais índices de estresse térmico qual melhor reflete o potencial impacto das condições meteorológicas sobre a homeostase térmica de novilhas leiteiras mestiças. Oito animais foram expostos ao sol das 9h00 às 13h00 em novembro e dezembro de 2016, janeiro e fevereiro de 2017, em Uberlândia, MG, Brasil. Após, foram medidas a frequência respiratória e a temperatura retal. Simultaneamente, foram quantificadas as temperaturas de bulbo seco e bulbo úmido, temperatura do globo negro e velocidade do vento. Em seguida, foram calculados a radiação solar, a umidade relativa, a temperatura radiante média e dez índices de estresse térmico. Os mesmos foram correlacionados com as variáveis fisiológicas e o Índice de Temperatura Equivalente apresentou as maiores correlações, seguido pelo Índice de Estresse Térmico para Vacas e pelo Índice de Estresse Ambiental. Na segunda pesquisa, determinaram-se os valores de temperatura do ar, umidade relativa e Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU) de uma propriedade rural de produção de leite a pasto e da estação meteorológica oficial mais próxima, confrontando-os. Na fazenda, as leituras dos dados foram registradas por uma estação meteorológica automática, a cada cinco minutos, de fevereiro de 2015 a setembro de 2016. Depois, calcularam-se a média por hora e o ITU horário. Selecionaram-se os valores diários mínimo, médio e máximo. O mesmo foi feito com os dados da estação meteorológica oficial, que foram horários. A temperatura mínima e média na estação meteorológica foram maiores que na fazenda, respectivamente, durante todo período experimental e em 16 meses. A temperatura máxima da propriedade rural foi maior que a da estação em seis meses. Já a umidade relativa mínima, média e máxima da estação meteorológica foram inferiores às da fazenda. O ITU mínimo foi maior na estação oficial e o ITU máximo superior na fazenda em todos os meses. Por fim, o número de dias com um ITU máximo igual ou superior ao ITU crítico foi maior na fazenda. Assim, dados da estação meteorológica oficial subestimam o efeito do estresse por calor. / Firstly, the objective of this study was to examine among the main heat stress indexes which ones best reflect the potential impact of meteorological conditions on the thermal homeostasis of half-blood dairy heifers bred. Eight animals were exposed to direct sunlight from 9h00 to 13h00 in November and December of 2016 and January and February of 2017, in Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. After, the respiratory rate and the rectal temperature were measured. Simultaneously, the temperatures of dry bulb and wet bulb, as well as that of black globe, were quantified, as was the wind speed. Afterwards, the solar radiation, the relative humidity, the mean radiant temperature and ten stress indexes were calculated. They were correlated with the physiological variables and the Equivalent Temperature Index presented the highest amount of meaningful correlations, followed by the Cattle Heat Stress Index and the Environmental Stress Index. In a second research, the values of air temperature, relative humidity and Temperature Humidity Index (THI) of one rural property with milk production at pasture and those from the nearest official weather station were determined, confronting them. At the farm, data readings were recorded by an automatic weather station, every five minutes, from February 2015 to September 2016. Then, the hourly average and hourly THI were calculated. The minimum, average and maximum daily values were selected. The same was done with data from the official weather station, which were times. The minimum and mean temperature in the meteorological station were higher than on the farm, respectively, throughout the experimental period and in 16 months. The maximum temperature of the rural property was greater than that of the station in six months. Meanwhile, the minimum, average and maximum relative humidity of the meteorological station were lower than those of the farm. The minimum THI was higher at the official station and the maximum THI higher at the farm in every month. Finally, the number of days with a maximum THI equal to or greater than the critical THI was higher on the farm. Thus, data from the official weather station underestimate the effect of heat stress. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Serious illness in childhood is a rare occurrence, but accounts for 20% of childhood deaths. Early recognition and treatment of serious illness is vital if the child is to recover without long-term disability. It is known that vital signs such as heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation can be used to identify children who are at high risk of serious illness. This thesis presents research into the development of a vital signs monitor, designed for use in the initial assessment of unwell children at their first point of contact with a medical practitioner. Child-friendly monitoring techniques are used to obtain vital signs, which can then be combined using data fusion techniques to assist clinicians in identifying children with serious illness. Existing normal ranges for heart rate and respiratory rate in childhood vary considerably, and do not appear to be based on clinical evidence. This thesis presents a systematic meta-analysis of heart rate and respiratory rate from birth to 18 years of age, providing evidence-based curves which can be used to assess the degree of abnormality in these important vital signs. Respiratory rate is particularly difficult to measure in children, but is known to be predictive of serious illness. Current methods of automated measurement can be distressing, or are time-consuming to apply. This thesis therefore presents a novel method for estimating the respiratory rate from an optical finger sensor, the pulse oximeter, which is routinely used in clinical practice. Information from multiple vital signs can be used to identify children at risk of serious illness. A number of data fusion techniques were tested on data collected from children attending primary and emergency care, and shown to outperform equivalent existing scoring systems when used to identify those with more serious illness.

<p>The last two decades have shown a boom in the field of wearable sensing technology. Particularly in the consumer industry, growing trends towards personalized health have pushed new devices to report many vital signs, with a demand for high accuracy and reliability. The most common technique used to gather these vitals is photoplethysmography or PPG. PPG devices are ideal for wearable applications as they are simple, power-efficient, and can be implemented on almost any area of the body. Traditionally PPGs were utilized for capturing just heart rate, however, recent advancements in hardware and digital processing have led to other metrics including respiratory rate (RR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), to be reported as well. Our research investigates the potential for wearable devices to be used for outpatient apnea monitoring, and particularly the ability to detect opioid misuse resulting in respiratory depression. Ultimately, the long-term goal of this work is to develop a wearable device that can be used in the rehabilitation process to ensure both accountability and safety of the wearer. This document details contributions towards this goal through the design, development, and evaluation of a device called “Kick Ring”. Primarily, we investigate the ability of Kick Ring to record heartrate (HR), RR, and SpO2. Moreover, we show that the device can calculate RR in real time and can provide an immediate indication of abnormal events such as respiratory depression. Finally, we explore a novel method for reporting apnea events through the use of several PPG characteristics. Kick Ring reliably gathers respiratory metrics and offers a combination of features that does not exist in the current wearables space. These advancements will help to move the field forward, and eventually aid in early detection of life-threatening events.</p>