<p>Jönköping's municipality requested a diploma work witch would present the experiences, as arisen during the existence of the echo village Smeden.</p><p>To recive information for the background, literature at the university library were searched at the database "Libris" with words like "echo village" and "ecological living".</p><p>Data was retrieved from 28 questionnaires that were sent out to the inhabitants of the echo village Smeden. The questionnaires contained questions about experiences, opinions, ideas and thoughts about living in this echo village. The results were analyzed and presented by diagrams and tables and showed that the inhabitants where most unsatisfied with the sewer and the system of the toilet. In the opposite the inhabitants experienced that the remaining systems were in satisfactory and the majority of the inhabitants were very pleased with their living conditions.</p><p>Conclusions of this study are that an echo village would be a suitable alternative to an ordinary living and that ecological living would be something that would work well even in the future. An important thing to remember is that the systems of the households must be easy for the inhabitants to maintain otherwise the environmental thinking would be in risk of failure if some don’t have the energy to manage this properly.</p>

Jönköping's municipality requested a diploma work witch would present the experiences, as arisen during the existence of the echo village Smeden. To recive information for the background, literature at the university library were searched at the database "Libris" with words like "echo village" and "ecological living". Data was retrieved from 28 questionnaires that were sent out to the inhabitants of the echo village Smeden. The questionnaires contained questions about experiences, opinions, ideas and thoughts about living in this echo village. The results were analyzed and presented by diagrams and tables and showed that the inhabitants where most unsatisfied with the sewer and the system of the toilet. In the opposite the inhabitants experienced that the remaining systems were in satisfactory and the majority of the inhabitants were very pleased with their living conditions. Conclusions of this study are that an echo village would be a suitable alternative to an ordinary living and that ecological living would be something that would work well even in the future. An important thing to remember is that the systems of the households must be easy for the inhabitants to maintain otherwise the environmental thinking would be in risk of failure if some don’t have the energy to manage this properly.

Logistik är den del av ett företag som påverkar företagets resultat på ett mycket betydande sätt. Kunden ställer krav på att få sin produkt levererad på en viss tidpunkt och om produkten då inte levereras på utsatt datum kan detta leda till en förlorad kund och därmed förlorade framtida inkomster. För att lyckas leverera till kund på utsatt tid krävs det att många processer fungerar väl ihop och att ett välplanerat system är implementerat. Denna rapport är skriven på ICA Sverige ABs centrallager i Kungälv och handlar om effektivisering. Mer specifik effektivisering av användningen av truckar. Genom att förkorta körsträckor och eliminera icke-värdeskapande körsträckor kan man få ett mer effektivt lager. Jag har samlat in relevant data så som genomsnittlig sträcka per order samt information om vilka lagergångar som är mest trafikerade för att veta vart i lagret som problemet finns och varför det uppstått. Zon-indelning är en metod som är känd för att minska körsträckor på ett lager. En implementering av metoden underlättas också av att ICA i dagsläget har sorterat artiklarna på ett sådant sätt att de första tio lagergångarna är fyllda med SRS-backar. Det är en metod som inte bara förkortar körsträckor utan och effektiviserar materialhantering. Teoridelen av arbetet görs för att får en större insikt i ämnen logistik samt för att hitta och benämna de metoder som påverkar logistiken i ett företag. Olika typer av materialhanteringsmetoder, lagringsmetoder, artikelplaceringsmetoder är exempel på vad som beskrivs djupare. Analysen har gjort för att analysera och koppla samman de teorier som använts till de problem som behandlas i rapporten men även reflektioner och tankar kring varför teorierna har använts. Rapporten har skrivits på ICA Sverige ABs centrallager i Kungälv och har koncentrerats till färskvaruavdelningen där problemet med långa körsträckor har uppkommit. / Logistics is that part of a company that affects the company’s efficiency in a considerable way. The customer has demands on the product to have it delivered on a specific date and if the product isn’t delivered on that date the consequences may result in a loss of a customer and therefore a loss of income. To be able to deliver the product on the specific date to the customer there’s a couple of processes that need to work flawlessly together and that a well worked out system is implemented. This report is written at ICA Sverige AB’s central warehouse is Kungälv, Sweden. It surrounds the subject of efficiency in warehousing and usage of lift trucks. Thru minimizing the driving distance of the lift trucks and eliminating not-value processes you can create a more efficient warehouse. I’ve gathered information regarding average distance per completed order and information regarding which of the warehouse aisles is the busiest to get an insight in where the problem is and why it has occurred. Zone-picking is a method that is known to minimize lift truck distances in a warehouse. An implementation of this method at ICA is facilitated by the fact that the articles already are sorted in a way that the first ten aisles are filled with plastic crates. It’s a method that not only minimizes the lift truck distances but also make the material handling more efficient. The theory part of the report is done to get a bigger insight in the subject of logistics but also to find and mention methods that affect the logistics in a company. Different types of material handling methods, storage methods and article placement methods are examples of methods describe. The analyzing part of the report has been done to connect mentioned theories to main problems that the report is surrounding but also includes reflections and thoughts about why the theories have been used. The report has been written at ICA Sverige AB’s central warehouse in Kungälv and has been focused on the fresh food compartment of the warehouse where problems with long distances for the lift trucks has occurred.

Studien utgår ifrån design för hållbar utveckling och användarcentrerad design för att besvara frågeställningen: Hur kan man med hjälp av produktdesign bidra till en mer hållbar konsumtion genom att skapa multifunktionella leksakskök för barn? Frågan undersöks utifrån multifunktionell design. Syftet är att göra det enklare för konsumenter att konsumera hållbart. Designbidraget ger barn ett användbart leksakskök som kan användas till flera ändamål. Kunskapsbidraget bidrar med kunskap om hur man kan designa hållbara leksaker med fokus på multifunktion. Genom workshop med användare samt intervjuer med föräldrar och experter undersöks vilka kriterier som designbidraget måste uppnå. Vidare genereras idéer genom brainstorming och prototypande. Efter en återkoppling med användarna väljs ett designförslag ut som utvecklas, utvärderas och förfinas. Slutligen presenterar studien ett designbidrag som är ett förslag på utformning för att besvara frågeställningen. Designbidraget är ett multifunktionellt leksakskök som med samma ursprungliga resurser kan omvandlas till en bil eller koja, utifrån användarnas önskemål. Studiens slutsats är att integration av flera lekar i en leksak gör det möjligt att optimera resursanvändningen. / The study is based on design for sustainability and user-centered design to answer the research question: How can product design contribute to a more sustainable consumption by creating a multifunctional toy kitchen for children? Research is carried out through a multifunctional design perspective. The aim is to make it easier for consumers to consume sustainably. The design contribution gives children a useful toy kitchen that can be used for several purposes. The contribution of knowledge brings knowledge about designing sustainable toys with a focus on multifunction. Through workshops with users as well as interviews with parents and experts, it is determined which criteria’s the final design contribution must meet. Furthermore, ideas are generated through brainstorming and prototyping. After feedback with the users, a design proposal is selected which is further developed, evaluated and refined. Finally, the study presents a design contribution which is an alternative on how to answer the research question. The design contribution is a multifunctional toy kitchen which, with the same original resources, can be transformed into a car or hut, based on the users’ desires. The conclusion of the study is that integration of several different plays in one toy makes it possible to optimize the use of resources.