In Experiment 1, four subjects were trained to match two visual samples (A) and their respective nonidentical visual comparisons (B); i.e., A-B matching. During nonreinforced test trials, all subjects demonstrated stimulus equivalences within the context of sample-comparison reversibility (B-A matching): When B stimuli were used as samples, appropriate responding to A comparisons occurred. A-B and B-A matching persisted given novel stimuli as alternate comparisons. However, the novel comparisons were consistently selected in the presence of nonmatching stimuli: i.e., during trials comprised of a novel comparison, an A or B sample from one stimulus class, and an "incorrect" comparison from the other, B or A stimuli respectively. In Experiment 2, three groups of subjects were trained under three different mediated transfer paradigms (e.g., A-B, C-B matching). Tests for reversibility (e.g., B0A, B0C matching) and mediated transfer (e.g., A-C, C-A matching)evinced stimulus equivalences for 11 of 12 subjects. The 11 subjects also matched the mediated equivalences given novel comparisons; whereas, they selected the novel comparisons when combined with nonmatching stimuli. Overall, the demonstrated stimulus equivalences favor a concept learning interpretation of non-identity matching-to-sample. Additionally, the trained and mediated matching relations were comprised of complementary sets of S+ and S- rules: Any stimulus of a given class used as a sample designated both the "correct" and "incorrect" comparisons.

Thesis (Ph, .D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Darbo tikslas: nustatyti, kokį poveikį daro taikomosios fizinės veiklos programa, nežymiai protiškai atsilikusių mokinių laikysenai. Tyrimo objektas ir metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo 45 Telšių ir Kauno miesto mokyklų 8 – 10 metų nežymiai protiškai atsilikę mokiniai, iš jų: 21 mergaitė ir 24 berniukai. Tyrime laikysena vertinta pagal W.W.K. Hoeger vizualinio laikysenos vertinimo sagitalioje ir frontalioje plokštumose metodiką. Pagal šią metodiką laikysena vertinama balais. Atskirų kūno dalių padėtys apžiūrimos frontalioje ir sagitalioje plokštumose. Atskiros kūno dalys vertinamos balais nuo 1 – 5 ir rezultatai sumuojami bei įvertinami pagal minėtą metodiką. Rezultatai. Nagrinėjant atliktų tyrimų duomenis nustatyta, kad net 61.9% tiriamųjų turėjo laikysenos sutrikimų. Kūno laikysenos sutrikimai dažnesni berniukams. Daugiausia laikysenos sutrikimų nustatyta vertinant pečių, stuburo, kaklo ir viršutinės stuburo dalies padėtis. Mažiausiai sutrikimų nustatyta vertinant kelių ir čiurnų, galvos padėtis. Berniukams mažiausiai nustatyta kelių ir čiurnų padėties sutrikimų (20.8%), mergaitėms liemens padėties sutrikimų (9.5%). Daugiausia sutrikimų nustatyta įvertinus pečių padėtį. Mergaitėms pečių padėties sutrikimų buvo 80.9%, o berniukams – 70.8%. Po taikomosios fizinės veiklos programos, nustatyta teigiami laikysenos pokyčiai: prieš taikomosios fizinės veiklos programą, laikysenos sutrikimų turėjo 33.3% berniukų ir 28.6% mergaičių, po taikomosios fizinės veiklos programos laikysenos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective. To identify determine the impact of physical activity tests on the posture of pupils with mild mental retardation. Methods. 45 pupils between the ages of 8 - 10 (21 girls and 24 boys) from Telšiai and Kaunas secondary schools have been examined using W.W.K. Hoeger visual posture evaluation model in a frontal and sagittal plane. Testing was assessed according to a measuring scale from 1 to 5. Results. It was determined that even 61.9 % of participants had disorders in body posture and its segments: shoulder, spinal cord, neck and upper spinal cord positions. The disorders of posture were more frequent among boys. Least problematic body parts were knees, ankles and head. Among boys the best body segments proved to be knees and ankles, whilst among girls the investigators indicated the position of waist. Shoulder problems were more common in girls’ group (80.9%), in boys’ group these disorders were less significant (70.8%). The applied methods of adapted physical activity had a positive impact on the students’ posture. The study showed good results in students’ posture. Before adapted physical activity program posture impairment was determined to 33.3% of boys and 28.6% of girls. After the program the improvement was determined 20.8% and 19.1% accordingly. The maximum effect of adapted physical activity on the posture was noted after the evaluation of shoulder, lower part of spinal cord and abdomen in boys’ group, as well as neck and upper spinal cord positions in... [to full text]