Diss. Univ. Zürich, 2009.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Medicine in Emergency Medicine Johannesburg, 2015 / Background: There has always been anecdotal reports that the ED is busier during the holidays and this increase in utilization is due to an increased incidence of trauma. Methods The retrospective data was collected from the Study Hospital’s Database and from the billing records of the doctor practice managing the ED. The data included all patients attending the Study Hospital ED during November 2011 (Non-holiday Period) and between the 10th December 2011 and 8th January 2012 (Holiday Period). Results: It was noted that the age, gender and racial profile of the patients attending the ED during the Holiday and Non-holiday Periods were similar. However there was a 39.9% increase in ED utilization during the Holiday Period. The Holiday Period was also associated with increased utilization by tourists (29.9% vs. 8.2%); with a slightly lower incidence of trauma (23.4% vs. 24.6%); with patients presenting with less urgent Triage Scores; fewer patients arriving at the ED via ambulance (3.2% vs. 7.2%) and a lower admission rate (10% vs. 17.5%). Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the utilization of the Study Hospital ED during the Holiday Period. This increased utilization was due to an increase in visitors to the Umhlanga area during the Holiday Period and was associated with an increased presentation to the ED of low acuity patients probably as a result of a lack of availability of their GP.

A coledocolitíase residual representa grande desafio na avaliação diagnóstica e proposta terapêutica. Neste contexto, realizamos estudo retrospectivo com o objetivo de avaliar critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e métodos de imagem para o seu diagnóstico; avaliar o resultado do tratamento através de procedimentos endoscópicos e cirúrgicos, bem como a ocorrência de complicações e sua repercussão no período de internação. Foram estudados 32 (trinta e dois) pacientes portadores de coledocolitíase residual internados na Clínica Cirúrgica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no período de janeiro de 1995 a julho de 2001. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos previamente a colecistectomia, nos quais o diagnóstico de coledocolitíase foi feito posteriormente (pela não realização de colangiografia trans-operatória) ou no próprio curso da colecistectomia, porém postergando-se o tratamento. Pudemos concluir: a maioria dos pacientes portadores de coledocolitíase residual tem como sintoma principal a icterícia; a ultra-sonografia não é um método diagnóstico eficaz, uma vez que demonstrou alteração de via biliar em cerca de 50% dos pacientes; tanto o procedimento endoscópico como o cirúrgico mostraram alto índice de clareamento da via biliar (acima de 90%), sendo a morbidade baixa e mortalidade nula em ambos os procedimentos; o período de internação foi menor quando o procedimento endoscópico foi realizado / Choledocholithiasis represents a great challenge in diagnostic evaluation and therapeutics. Because of it we\'ve proposed a retrospective study to analise the clinical and laboratorial criteria and image studies to the diagnosis of such condition. It was possible to evaluate the treatment (endoscopic or surgical) and complications with these information. Thus, with this aim, 32 (thirty-two) patients were evaluated. They were suffering from residual choledocholithiasis and were admitted on the Surgical Unit of the General Hospital of the Medical School of University of Goiás, from january 1995 to july 2001. It was included patients that were performed on a previous cholecistectomy. The diagnose of choledocholithiasis was get either during the surgery, although the definitive treatment had been postponed, or on the follow-up. We concluded that most part of the patients with residual choledocholithiasis were icteric and that the ultrasound study is not an effective method to detect residual choledocholithiasis (positive around 50%). Besides, both therapeutic procedures (endoscopic and surgical) were successful in the cleaning of biliary ducts (above 90%), had low morbidity and no mortality. The discharge of the patient was faster in case of endoscopic procedure

Thesis (M.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2007. / Vita. Bibliography: pp.73-78.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

A coledocolitíase residual representa grande desafio na avaliação diagnóstica e proposta terapêutica. Neste contexto, realizamos estudo retrospectivo com o objetivo de avaliar critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e métodos de imagem para o seu diagnóstico; avaliar o resultado do tratamento através de procedimentos endoscópicos e cirúrgicos, bem como a ocorrência de complicações e sua repercussão no período de internação. Foram estudados 32 (trinta e dois) pacientes portadores de coledocolitíase residual internados na Clínica Cirúrgica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no período de janeiro de 1995 a julho de 2001. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos previamente a colecistectomia, nos quais o diagnóstico de coledocolitíase foi feito posteriormente (pela não realização de colangiografia trans-operatória) ou no próprio curso da colecistectomia, porém postergando-se o tratamento. Pudemos concluir: a maioria dos pacientes portadores de coledocolitíase residual tem como sintoma principal a icterícia; a ultra-sonografia não é um método diagnóstico eficaz, uma vez que demonstrou alteração de via biliar em cerca de 50% dos pacientes; tanto o procedimento endoscópico como o cirúrgico mostraram alto índice de clareamento da via biliar (acima de 90%), sendo a morbidade baixa e mortalidade nula em ambos os procedimentos; o período de internação foi menor quando o procedimento endoscópico foi realizado / Choledocholithiasis represents a great challenge in diagnostic evaluation and therapeutics. Because of it we\'ve proposed a retrospective study to analise the clinical and laboratorial criteria and image studies to the diagnosis of such condition. It was possible to evaluate the treatment (endoscopic or surgical) and complications with these information. Thus, with this aim, 32 (thirty-two) patients were evaluated. They were suffering from residual choledocholithiasis and were admitted on the Surgical Unit of the General Hospital of the Medical School of University of Goiás, from january 1995 to july 2001. It was included patients that were performed on a previous cholecistectomy. The diagnose of choledocholithiasis was get either during the surgery, although the definitive treatment had been postponed, or on the follow-up. We concluded that most part of the patients with residual choledocholithiasis were icteric and that the ultrasound study is not an effective method to detect residual choledocholithiasis (positive around 50%). Besides, both therapeutic procedures (endoscopic and surgical) were successful in the cleaning of biliary ducts (above 90%), had low morbidity and no mortality. The discharge of the patient was faster in case of endoscopic procedure

O lúpus eritematoso foi pouco estudado na infância, principalmente nas formas cutânea crônica, subaguda e bolhosa que são infreqüentes nessa faixa etária. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as diversas formas de lúpus eritematoso em crianças. Para tanto, realizamos um estudo retrospectivo por meio da análise de prontuários de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso que teve início até os 16 anos de idade e que foram acompanhados na Divisão de Dermatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo entre 1991 e 2006. Os pacientes incluídos tiveram o diagnóstico feito pelo quadro clínico e confirmado pela histologia cutânea de uma lesão específica. Foram observados 48 pacientes: 33 com lesões discóides, dois com lúpus profundo, quatro com lúpus eritematoso cutâneo subagudo, quatro com lúpus eritematoso cutâneo agudo sem outras lesões específicas e cinco com lúpus eritematoso bolhoso. Analisadas as características clínicas, laboratoriais, histológicas e de imunofluorescência direta. Dezenove casos preencheram critérios para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Houve predomínio discreto no sexo feminino. Casos familiares de lúpus eritematoso estavam presentes em 10% dos pacientes. Vinte e quatro por cento das crianças com lesões discóides preencheram critérios para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, sendo que 75% apresentavam lesões generalizadas. No lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, as manifestações mais freqüentes foram: cutânea, articular e renal. A glomerulonefrite proliferativa difusa foi a forma mais freqüente de nefrite. Foram observadas alterações hematológicas no limite inferior ou abaixo das taxas relatadas na literatura. Acometimento neurológico ocorreu em 68%. Acometimento cardíaco, pulmonar e do sistema digestivo foram pouco freqüentes. O FAN estava positivo em 95% dos casos e o anticorpo anticardiolipina estava presente em 21%. Dois dos quatro pacientes com lúpus eritematoso cutâneo subagudo preencheram critérios para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico e apresentaram convulsões e nefrite, sendo que um necessitou de transplante renal. Todos referiam fotossensibilidade e o anticorpo anti-Ro estava presente em três dos quatro casos. Todos os pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico bolhoso preencheram critérios para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico com acometimento renal e baixos níveis de complemento. Nenhum dos dois pacientes com lúpus profundo apresentou critérios para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Ambos apresentavam quadro disseminado com histologia típica. O quadro histológico nos demais casos também foi característico e a IgM foi o imunodepósito mais freqüente à imunofluorescência direta. A coloração de PAS (ácido periódico/reagente de Schiff) mostrou espessamento da membrana basal em 37 dos 40 casos estudados. Concluímos que o lúpus eritematoso da infância é semelhante ao do adulto, porém apresenta algumas peculiaridades como menor predomínio no sexo feminino, alta taxa de história familiar de lúpus eritematoso e maior associação com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico nas crianças com lesões discóides. Crianças com lúpus eritematoso cutâneo subagudo e critérios para lúpus eritematoso sistêmico tiveram acometimento sistêmico grave. O acometimento renal foi freqüente nas crianças com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico bolhoso / Lupus erythematosus was not well studied in childhood, especially in its chronic cutaneous, subacute and bullous forms that are uncommon at this age group. The present work aims to study the various forms of childhood lupus erythematosus. We retrospectively studied through medical records patients with lupus erythematosus whose disease had started until 16 years of age who were followed at Dermatology Division of Hospital das Clínicas of University of São Paulo between 1991 and 2006. The patients included had the diagnosis established on clinical grounds and confirmed by histological examination of a specific lesion. We found 48 patients: 33 with discoid lesions, two with lupus profundus, four with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, four with acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus without other specific lesion and five with bullous lupus erythematosus. We analyzed the clinical, laboratorial, histological and direct immunofluorescence findings. Nineteen cases fulfilled the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. There was a slight female predominance. Familiar history of lupus erythematosus was present in 10% of cases. Twenty four percent of children with discoid lesions fulfilled the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus and 75% showed disseminated lesions. The most frequent clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus were cutaneous, articular and renal. Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis was the most frequent form of nephritis. Hematological involvement was bellow or in the bottom of normal limits reported in the literature. Neuropsychiatric disease occurred in 68% of patients. Cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal involvement was not frequent. ANA was positive in 95% of cases and. anticardiolipin antibodies were present in 21%. Two of four subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients fulfilled the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus and had convulsions and nephritis; one of them was submitted to renal transplantation. All of them referred photosensitivity and anti-Ro was present in three of four cases. All patients with bullous lupus erythematosus fulfilled the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus and presented renal involvement and low complement levels. None of the two patients with lupus profundus fulfilled the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Both had disseminated lesions and typical histology. Histological examination was also characteristic in the other cases and IgM was the most frequent immunodeposit at direct immunofluorescence. PAS staining showed thickening of basement membrane in 37 of 40 cases studied. To conclude, childhood lupus erythematosus is similar to adult lupus erythematosus, however shows some peculiarities as lower female predominance, high proportion of familiar history of lupus erythematosus and greater association with systemic lupus erythematosus in children with discoid lesions. Children with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus had severe systemic involvement. Renal disease was frequent in children with bullous systemic lupus erythematosus