Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

Diss. med. dent. Zürich. / Literaturverz.

abstract: Adolescent and young adult alcohol use is a major public health concern given that it is the most widely used substance by teenagers. This is particularly concerning given the important biological and environmental changes that occur during this developmental period. Therefore, it is not surprising that alcohol use in adolescence is associated with a variety of negative outcomes including alcohol-related consequences, poor academic performance, aggression, and difficulty transitioning to adulthood. Because of this, it is imperative to better understand alcohol use during this time. While there are numerous measures that aim to capture adolescent alcohol use, there is not currently a measure that gathers comprehensive information on alcohol use across adolescence and into early adulthood. Therefore, we developed the Comprehensive Adolescent Drinking History Form (CADHF). The CADHF gathers detailed drinking information for each year since the onset of first regular use, including quantity and frequency of both regular use and periods of heaviest drinking. Additionally, the CADHF collects information on the participants' aggregate drinking experiences between their age of onset and age of first regular use. Using a sample of young adults who completed an alcohol challenge study, we sought to examine (1) whether route of administration of the measure impacts results, (2) which CADHF are most useful, and (3) whether the CADHF shows concurrent, convergent, and incremental validity. Results showed that, the CADHF can be administered online or over the phone and all eight indices provide valuable information depending on the research question. Additionally, strong significant correlations between the CADHF with the Timeline Follow Back (TLFB) and the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ) suggest convergent and concurrent validity. Finally, the CADHF predicted concurrent and future alcohol-related problems over and above the gold standards of alcohol consumption measures; age of onset, age of first intoxication, and the TLFB. This is the first study to retrospectively assess participant's comprehensive alcohol consumption and fills a major gap in the literature. The CADHF has the potential to inform the timing of prevention and intervention efforts and provides unique information from the current gold standards of alcohol consumption measures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2017

A coledocolitíase residual representa grande desafio na avaliação diagnóstica e proposta terapêutica. Neste contexto, realizamos estudo retrospectivo com o objetivo de avaliar critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e métodos de imagem para o seu diagnóstico; avaliar o resultado do tratamento através de procedimentos endoscópicos e cirúrgicos, bem como a ocorrência de complicações e sua repercussão no período de internação. Foram estudados 32 (trinta e dois) pacientes portadores de coledocolitíase residual internados na Clínica Cirúrgica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no período de janeiro de 1995 a julho de 2001. Foram incluídos pacientes submetidos previamente a colecistectomia, nos quais o diagnóstico de coledocolitíase foi feito posteriormente (pela não realização de colangiografia trans-operatória) ou no próprio curso da colecistectomia, porém postergando-se o tratamento. Pudemos concluir: a maioria dos pacientes portadores de coledocolitíase residual tem como sintoma principal a icterícia; a ultra-sonografia não é um método diagnóstico eficaz, uma vez que demonstrou alteração de via biliar em cerca de 50% dos pacientes; tanto o procedimento endoscópico como o cirúrgico mostraram alto índice de clareamento da via biliar (acima de 90%), sendo a morbidade baixa e mortalidade nula em ambos os procedimentos; o período de internação foi menor quando o procedimento endoscópico foi realizado / Choledocholithiasis represents a great challenge in diagnostic evaluation and therapeutics. Because of it we\'ve proposed a retrospective study to analise the clinical and laboratorial criteria and image studies to the diagnosis of such condition. It was possible to evaluate the treatment (endoscopic or surgical) and complications with these information. Thus, with this aim, 32 (thirty-two) patients were evaluated. They were suffering from residual choledocholithiasis and were admitted on the Surgical Unit of the General Hospital of the Medical School of University of Goiás, from january 1995 to july 2001. It was included patients that were performed on a previous cholecistectomy. The diagnose of choledocholithiasis was get either during the surgery, although the definitive treatment had been postponed, or on the follow-up. We concluded that most part of the patients with residual choledocholithiasis were icteric and that the ultrasound study is not an effective method to detect residual choledocholithiasis (positive around 50%). Besides, both therapeutic procedures (endoscopic and surgical) were successful in the cleaning of biliary ducts (above 90%), had low morbidity and no mortality. The discharge of the patient was faster in case of endoscopic procedure

Este estudo tem como objetivo a análise retrospectiva de quatrocentos e oitenta e nove prontuários de pacientes que apresentaram fraturas do osso mandibular, pertencentes ao Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais da Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP) provenientes de atendimentos realizados no período compreendido entre agosto de 2002 e julho de 2012. A análise foi direcionada a dados relativos a variáveis populacionais como idade, gênero, cor e profissão. Também foram analisados os exames de imagem solicitados, vícios, etiologia, sinais e sintomas, classificação da fratura, fraturas associadas de face ou não, abordagem, tratamento, tempo para intervenção cirúrgica e internação, além do período de acompanhamento e complicações. O critério para a inclusão dos prontuários na amostra foram de apresentarem fratura de mandíbula, com preenchimento completo de informações e de possuírem o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Como critérios de exclusão, foram desconsiderados os prontuários com preenchimento incompleto das informações e que não possuiam o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido assinado. Os dados coletados por um único examinador foram transportados para uma planilha eletrônica utilizando o programa Microsoft Excel sendo realizada neste momento uma análise descritiva dos resultados obtidos. Tabelas e gráficos foram utilizados para a apresentação e interpretação destes dados. Concluimos que houve prevalência do gênero. / The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyse four hundred and eighty-nine patients files presenting fractures of the mandibular bone, incident from attendances at the Department of Traumatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, from the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto (FORP/USP) during the period between August 2002 and July 2012. The analysis was directed through population data variables such as age, gender, race and profession. Imaging tests requested, addictions, etiology of trauma, signs and symptoms, fractures classification, associated fractures, approach, treatment, time to surgical intervention and hospitalization, apart from follow-up period and complications were also analyzed. The criterion for inclusion of records in the sample were experiencing jaw fracture with complete filling of information and having the Term of Consent. Exclusion criteria were disregarded the charts with incomplete filling of information and lacked the Term of Consent signed. The data collected by a single observer were transported to a spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel program currently being conducted to a descriptive analysis of the results. Tables and graphs were used for the presentation and interpretation of these data. We conclude that there was a prevalence of male gender, white race, aged between 21-30 years with fractures of the left side, unilateral, etiology traffic accident. Most fractures were treated surgically, intraoral access were prevalent and complication rates were low.

Class of 2016 Abstract / Objectives: To explore the difference in patient satisfaction with pharmacy services between Public Health and Pharmacy students. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the results of a 20-item questionnaire regarding patient satisfaction with community pharmacy services that was administered to pharmacy and public health graduate students at the University of Arizona. Pharmacy students (n = 95) and Public Health students (n = 67) completed the questionnaire and a Chi Square test was utilized to compare the results. Scores of 4 and 5 (Very Good and Excellent, respectively) were compared against 1, 2, and 3 (Poor, Fair, and Good, respectively). Questions were stratified into domains of “Friendly Explanation” and “Managing Therapy.” Results: Sixty-two percent of pharmacy students answered “Excellent” and “Very Good” on all 20 questions compared to 37% of public health students (p<0.001). In the “Friendly Explanation” domain, 73% of pharmacy students answered “Excellent” and “Very Good” compared to 57% of public health students (p<0.001). The “Managing Therapy” domain also yielded a higher percentage of satisfied pharmacy students compared to public health students (48% vs 36%, p<0.001). Areas with the highest degree of difference involved availability of the pharmacist, professionalism of pharmacy staff, and promptness of pharmacy services. Conclusions: Pharmacy students were more satisfied with pharmacy services than public health students. Increasing the availability of the pharmacist to answer patient questions, improving professionalism of staff, and providing prompt services may improve patient satisfaction with community pharmacy services among the general public.

Two studies of reconstruction processes in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) are presented. The first study is a retrospective study on United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) managed lands seeded with a high diversity (>15 species) seed mix. Sites were grouped by available management history to find management tactics which may trend sites towards a more successful state. A large amount of variation was captured. Results showed uncontrollable factors may be driving the outcomes of these reconstructions. Attention should be paid to uncontrolled and landscape factors to drive management of each site. A second study investigates a possible method to establish specialized seed mixes. Precision Prairie Restoration (PPR) was used to establish five repetitions of six treatments. Early results are optimistic with several target species becoming established. Future sampling will be needed to determine success of this method.

The goal of the present study was to verify whether four purported risk factors predate the development of eating disorder symptoms, particularly bulimia nervosa. The four major purported risk factors for developing bulimia nervosa (and eating disorders in general) among female adolescents include: (a) over internalization of culture’s value of thinness in women, (b) inordinate dissatisfaction with body form, (c) depression, and (d) irrational beliefs and cognitions about thinness and the benefits of dieting. The present study involved a 5-year follow-up of adolescent girls initially identified as being either at high or low risk for developing an eating disorder, particularly bulimia nervosa. Subjects completed the risk factor inventories, and eating disorder diagnoses were based upon a structured Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders clinical interview. Results indicated that: (a) two bulimic cases were found in the high-risk group, with an overall prevalence rate of 3.5% (2/57); (b) the total 6-month incidence rate (for any eating disorder) was 6.5% in the high-risk group, and 0.0% in the low-risk group; (c) younger at-risk girls tended to generally acknowledge more eating disorder symptoms; (d) z-score means of the low and high risk group are dramatically different at both Time #1 and 5 years later at Time l#2, with the high-risk group exhibiting more severe and quite stable symptomatology relative to the low-risk group; and (e) change in scores over time, in all four risk factor measures, was related to bulimia, binge-related symptoms, and overall (total) symptoms. The study confirmed the importance of these risk factors in the etiology of eating disorder symptoms, as well as the significance of tracking girls in early adolescence in longitudinal studies.