Accessibility plays an important role in a number of scientific fields, and significant advances in measuring accessibility have been made over the past two decades. However, since the comprehensive review of accessibility measures conducted by Geurs and van Wee in 2004, no attempt has been made to update their study. In addition, the emergence of Automated Vehicles (AVs) is expected to dramatically impact accessibility. Therefore, based on the relevant assessment criteria proposed by Geurs and van Wee (2004) (i.e., theoretical basis, interpretability, operationalization, and usability), this research reviews: (1) progress made over the past two decades on measuring accessibility; and (2) how accessibility measures have incorporated the impacts of AVs. A total of 495 papers and books were identified through a search of Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost in May 2019. The results found that the existing accessibility measures have been further refined, and new measures have been created by leveraging more advanced behavior theories and/or models. In addition, the operationalization of almost all of the measures has become easier due to more readily available data and more advanced implementation tools. As a result of these changes, accessibility measures are becoming more usable and can more accurately assess social, economic, and environmental impacts. However, the interpretation of these measures is becoming more difficult due to the incorporation of more complicated theories and models. Interestingly, very few papers discussed AVs in the context of accessibility measures. Finally, as a result of this study, future research opportunities are identified. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning / The concept of accessibility plays an important role in a number of scientific fields (e.g., transportation planning, environmental conservation, and economic development, etc.), and a change in accessibility can have a direct impact on an individual's quality of life. Transportation accessibility is a function of the connectivity between origins (e.g., a home) and destinations (e.g., a place of employment). Significant advances in measuring accessibility have been made over the past two decades. However, since the comprehensive review of accessibility measures conducted by Geurs and van Wee in 2004, no attempt has been made to update their study. In addition, the emergence of Automated Vehicles (AVs) is expected to dramatically impact accessibility. Therefore, based on the relevant assessment criteria proposed by Geurs and van Wee (2004) (i.e., theoretical basis, interpretability, operationalization, and usability), this research reviews: (1) progress made over the past two decades on measuring accessibility; and (2) how accessibility measures have incorporated the impacts of AVs. The theoretical basis refers to whether an accessibility measure is developed based on solid theories or models, and whether the measure is sensitive to: (a) opportunity changes (e.g., changes in the location of jobs); (b) transport cost changes (e.g., travel time changes); (c) temporal changes (e.g., the change of travel options throughout different times-of-day); and (d) individual changes (e.g., how residents' travel behavior changes due to the emergence of a new subway line). Interpretability refers to how easy an accessibility measure can be explained and understood by planners, engineers, and decision makers. Operationalization refers to how easy it is to use a measure in practice. Finally, usability refers to whether the results of an accessibility measure can be used to assess social, economic, and environmental impacts. A total of 495 papers and books were identified through a search of Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost in May 2019. The results found that existing accessibility measures have been further refined, and new measures have been created by leveraging more advanced behavior theories and/or models. In addition, the operationalization of almost all of the measures has become easier due to more readily available data and more advanced implementation tools. As a result of these changes, accessibility measures are becoming more usable and can more accurately assess social, economic, and environmental impacts. However, the interpretation of these measures is becoming more difficult due to the incorporation of more complicated theories and models. Interestingly, very few papers discussed AVs in the context of accessibility measures. Finally, as a result of this study, future research opportunities are identified.

No / Discussions between the children's services manager at an National Health Service trust, and a children's nursing lecturer from the trust's partnering university clarified that there was a need to establish a greater understanding of the local circumstances surrounding adverse events in drug administration - particularly when those events involved nurses. Indeed it is claimed that nurses spend up to 40% of their time administering drugs. It was agreed that a collaborative research study, specifically designed to explore the nature of drug administration errors, could inform future trust policies and procedures around both drug administration and error, as well as the various university curricula concerning drug administration. This study, supported by senior management in the trust, and the chair of the local research ethics committee, has commenced. The first part of this study -- an introductory literature review, is presented here. The work of O'Shea [J Clin Nurs (1999)8:496-504] is significant in structuring the review that bears a number of recurring themes. It is not the intention of this literature review to reappraise O'Shea's original critique but to expand on her work, offer a contemporaneous perspective in the light of studies and reports published since 1999, and reset the topic in the context of clinical governance. This literature review has already provided an underpinning framework for a pilot questionnaire to staff who have been involved in drug administration errors and is also the basis for curricular input to preregistration students on the subject of risk management and drug administration. In conclusion, several recommendations about the shape of future research are offered.

No / Fatigue is common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and symptoms of fatigue are often reported as the most debilitating symptoms of the disease. However, there are few reports of interventions for fatigue in MS. A systematic review of published literature examining pharmacological and psychosocial/psychological interventions for fatigue in MS was conducted. The search and review strategy undertaken used the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines. Papers were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Of 81 studies short-listed for inclusion, 15 studies were included, of which 10 were studies of pharmacological therapy and five were studies of psychosocial/psychological interventions. Of the pharmacological studies, two were rated as of moderate-to-high quality, three of moderate quality, two of moderate-to-low quality and three of low quality. Of the psychosocial/psychological studies, three were rated as of moderate quality and two of moderate-to-low quality. None of the studies reviewed reached the highest level of quality according to pre-agreed criteria. Regardless of level of quality, effectiveness of both pharmacological and psychosocial/psychological interventions was modest at best and often absent. Accordingly, there is little evidence-based advice that can be offered to people with MS to help manage their fatigue.

No / This paper presents a knowledge review, undertaken to identify potential barriers affecting the recruitment of British South Asian people into the nursing profession. The review identified eleven studies, which explored attitudes and levels of knowledge towards nursing within the British South Asian population. Many of these studies, although providing useful insights, have methodological limitations. Studies highlighted perceptions among the South Asian population of nursing as a low status and stressful occupation with unsociable working hours and low pay. Nursing members of the opposite sex was not acceptable to some individuals on religious grounds. Others, however, had no problem with this. The review highlights both similarities and differences in attitudes towards nursing amongst the British South Asian population and the majority white population. Factors such as the lack of exposure to positive role models and limited opportunities to gain an insight into the work of nurses suggest that South Asian people might be less likely to consider nursing as a career than their white counterparts. To gain a better understanding of views held towards nursing within this population however, more comparative studies are needed to take an account of diversity in terms of social class, gender, ethnicity and religion.

Yes / To describe the use, effectiveness, and safety outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in Latin American countries. Studies reporting MT outcomes for AIS in Latin America were identified in CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SciELO, EMBASE, and LILACS databases. Synthesis was conducted according to effectiveness (recanalization rates) and safety measures (mortality and functional independence at 90 days). Seventeen studies were included, mainly from public and university hospitals. MT utilization varied from 2.6% to 50.1%, while successful recanalization ranged from 63% to 95%. Functional independence 90 days after stroke (a modified Rankin scale score of 0 to 2) was achieved in less than 40% across most studies. Mortality rates were below 30%; studies with posterior circulation strokes reported higher mortality rates. The randomized trial reported better health outcomes for functional independence among patients in the MT group (OR 2.28; 95% CI, 1.41 - 3.69), favoring MT over standard care. The included studies had great methodological heterogeneity due to differences in study design, the MT time window, and stroke location. The only randomized trial showed improved functional independence and lower mortality rates with MT than with standard care. The rest of the studies reported similar findings to available literature. Efforts to improve stroke care are reflected in improved patient outcomes in the region. Future studies should consider standard time window criteria and reduce the risk of bias by including representative samples and comparison groups.

Peer code reviews play a critical role in maintaining code quality, and GitHub has introduced several new features to assist with the review process. One of these features is suggested changes, which allows for precise code modifications in pull requests to be suggested in review comments. Despite the availability of such helpful features, many pull requests remain unattended due to lower priority. To address this issue, we developed a bot called ``Suggestion Bot" to automatically review the codebase using GitHub's suggested changes functionality. An empirical study was also conducted to compare the effectiveness of this bot with manual reviews. The findings suggest that implementing this bot can expedite response times and improve the quality of pull request comments for pull-based software development projects. In addition to providing automated suggestions, this feature also offers valuable, concise, and targeted feedback. / Master of Science / Code review, often known as peer review, is a process used to ensure the quality of software. Code review is a process in software development that involves one or more individuals examining the source code of a program, either after it has been implemented or during a pause in the development process. The creator of the code cannot be one of the individuals. "Reviewers" refers to the individuals conducting the checking, excluding the author. However, the majority of reviewers won't have the time to examine and validate the peer's code base, so they'll assign it the lowest priority possible. This could cause pull requests to stall out without being reviewed. Therefore, as part of our research, we are creating a bot called SUGGESTION BOT that provides code changes in pull requests. The author can then accept, reject, or alter these ideas as a necessary component of the pull request. Additionally, we compared the effectiveness of our bot with the manual pull request review procedure, which clearly demonstrated that the incorporation of this bot significantly shortened the turnaround time. Besides giving automated recommendations, this functionality also provides useful, brief, and focused feedback.

Yes / Internet and social media have created new opportunities and challenges for marketing practices. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the unanticipated consequences of interactive marketing. The current study focuses on a number of aspects of interactive marketing research such as consumer-to-consumer and consumer-to-company communications, consumer brand engagement, impact of social influencers and online buzz, impact of online advertisement, companies adoption and use of new technologies by companies, consumer empowerment by digital technologies, complain handling, impact of mobile advertising, co-creation, and impact of social media marketing. This research provides a valuable synthesis of the relevant literature. The findings of this study could be used as an informative framework for both academics and practitioners.

Yes / Classroom response systems (clickers), in their various forms, are widely used across disciplines, demonstrating effectiveness across a range of different educational settings. However, only a few literature reviews on this technology have been undertaken in general, and no review has yet been performed on this topic in the business and management context. Realising the existing research gap, this article reviews 33 clicker-related studies from the business and management discipline that are largely focused on student perceptions and outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical and balanced review of articles from the business and management discipline on various themes such as learner's engagement, performance, learning, participation, satisfaction, feedback, attendance, enjoyability, motivation, and interactivity, to name a few. The review also provides a brief account of lessons learned from the literature published in other disciplines and recommendations provided by studies from the business and management discipline.

Yes / Smart cities can help in achieving UN SDG. This research carries out a comprehensive analysis of the role of smart cities on creating sustainable cities and communities, which is one of 17 UN sustainable goals. Current research focuses on number of aspect of sustainable environment such as renewable and green energy, energy efficiency, environmental monitoring, air quality, and water quality. This study provides a valuable synthesis of the relevant literature on smart cities by analysing and discussing the key findings from existing research on issues of smart cities in creating sustainable cities and communities. The findings of this study can provide an informative framework for research on smart cities for academics and practitioners.

Yes / Introduction As a consequence of the low cost and perceived safety, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed but they can cause longterm adverse effects and are often overprescribed. For most patients PPIs should not be continued long-term as patients can become dependent on PPIs and they are rarely stepped down/off treatment. We aimed to measure whether a dyspepsia review service could help patients on PPIs to step down/off treatment whilst still keeping them symptom free. Methods Pharmacists were provided with training on dyspepsia management. Four general practices were selected. Patients taking a PPI for more than two months were included. A list of exclusion criteria (e.g. active ulcers, newly initiated) was applied. Between six and eight dyspepsia review clinics were run at each site. Patients were booked into a 15-minute consultation. A concordance style consultation was held with clinicians providing information on dyspepsia management and exploring the patients’ ideas, concerns and expectations about stepping down or stepping off treatment. A follow-up audit was performed at four months to determine if patients had remained stepped down/off. An economic evaluation of clinic costs and drugs savings was performed. Results A total of 508 patients were invited to a review; 136 did not attend and 58 were excluded due to not meeting the inclusion criteria, leaving 314 patients reviewed for step-down/step-off. Successful step down/step off was achieved in 257 people (82% of those reviewed). The total cost savings of PPIs was £7,100. The additional cost of alginates was £1,207 giving a net saving on medicines of £5,893 per annum. Set-up costs were £1,194 and staff costs £3,524 to £5,156 giving total running costs, which vary dependent on the Agenda for Change (AfC) grade of pharmacist involved, of £4,720 - £6,351. Conclusion A dyspepsia review clinic is cost-neutral to run but, given that many patients are on polypharmacy, PPI step down might best be considered as part of a holistic medication review clinic. / Reckitt Benckiser, National Institute for Health Research, Health Education England