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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

A segmentação não-convencional na escrita dos alunos do ensino fundamental II: dos erros aos acertos pela reescrita de texto / The unconventional segmentation in the writing of elementary school ii students: the errors to correct usage in the rewritten text

Garcia, Vera Lucia de Souza 05 February 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:21:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Vera.pdf: 3265973 bytes, checksum: c84ea3982ae25119b2b295324dc54ca5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Did the identification, description and categorization of the phenomena considered language of the non-written agreements, phonological and orthographic origin, not suitable for standard written norm, showing an increased incidence of hypo- and hyper words in the textual productions of the students. Established, then the question - problem: What factor (or factors) does (do) that there is the incidence of hypo- and hyper writing students EF-II? To answer the question and understand the nature of the targets phenomenon unconventional, its phonetic, phonological and morphological character, we rely on Mattoso House (1985) and Bisol (2001); by Abaurre; Fiad and Mayrink Sabinson (1997); Oliveira (2009), Cagliari (2009), in view of the heterogeneity of language, speech / orality / writing / literacy; we base on Corrêa (2004); Capristano (2004); Chacon (2004 and 2006) Cunha (2004 and 2010). We found that unconventional segmentation present in the writing of the subjects scribes of our research are established both in terms of prosody, specific of prosodic constituents, as due to the heterogeneous constitution of written language as individuation points Scribe by circulation in the genesis of language and the image that it makes written code institutionalized. In view of these findings, based on Abaurre; Salek Fiad; Mayrink-Sabinson and Geraldi (1995); Leal and Brandao (2006); Salek-Fiad (2009); Ruiz (2013), about writing and the rewriting of texts, we propose a roadmap of writing and rewriting text activities, focusing on students' difficulties, as reworking strategy of non-conventional segmentation - hypo- and hyper. / A dificuldade apresentada pelos alunos em apreender as convenções da norma padrão da língua escrita tem sido bastante discutida em ambiente educacional. Os problemas se caracterizam em relação às convenções da língua escrita, são muitos e podem ser encontrados na produção escrita de alunos em todos os níveis de ensino. Isto assinala um não domínio da escrita convencional e transforma a produção de texto na escola uma ação incômoda. A percepção do fato nos levou a estabelecer o objetivo de compreender quais critérios linguísticos e da relação sujeito/linguagem podiam explicar a presença desses eventos na escrita de alunos do 6º ao 9º Ano do EF-II, integrantes do Projeto Jornal Escolar, em uma instituição pública de ensino da região noroeste do Paraná. Fizemos a identificação, a descrição e a categorização dos fenômenos considerados não-convenções da língua escrita, de origem fonológica e ortográfica, não adequados à norma padrão escrita, constatando maior incidência de hipo e hipersegmentação de palavras nas produções textuais dos alunos. Estabelecemos, assim, a questão-problema: Que fator (ou fatores) faz (fazem) com que haja essa incidência de hipo e hipersegmentação na escrita de alunos do EF-II? Para responder à questão e compreender a natureza do fenômeno de segmentações não-convencionais, seu caráter fonético-fonológico e morfológico, baseamo-nos em Mattoso Câmara (1985) e Bisol (2001); em Abaurre; Fiad e Mayrink Sabinson (1997); em Oliveira (2009) e em Cagliari (2009), na perspectiva da heterogeneidade da língua, da relação fala/oralidade/escrita/letramento; fundamentamos em Corrêa (2004); em Capristano (2004); em Chacon (2004; 2006), em Cunha (2004; 2010). Constatamos que a segmentação não-convencional presente na escrita dos escreventes sujeitos da nossa pesquisa se estabelecem tanto em função da prosódia, específico dos constituintes prosódicos, quanto em função da constituição heterogênea da língua escrita como pontos de individuação do escrevente pela circulação na gênese da língua e na imagem que ele faz do código escrito institucionalizado. Frente a essas constatações, baseadas em Abaurre; Salek Fiad; Mayrink-Sabinson e Geraldi (1995); em Leal e Brandrão (2006); em Salek-Fiad (2009) e em Ruiz (2013) sobre escrita e reescrita de texto, pudemos propor um roteiro de atividades de escrita e de reescrita de texto, focalizando as dificuldades dos alunos, como estratégia de reelaboração da segmentação não-convencional hipo e hipersegmentação
22

Formalisation et évaluation de stratégies d’élasticité multi-couches dans le Cloud / Formalization and evaluation of cross-layer elasticity strategies in the Cloud

Khebbeb, Khaled 29 June 2019 (has links)
L'élasticité est une propriété qui permet aux systèmes Cloud de s'auto-adapter à leur charge de travail en provisionnant et en libérant des ressources informatiques, de manière autonomique, lorsque la demande augmente et diminue. En raison de la nature imprévisible de la charge de travail et des nombreux facteurs déterminant l'élasticité, fournir des plans d'action précis pour gérer l'élasticité d'un système cloud, tout en respectant des politiques de haut niveau (performances, cout, etc.) est une tâche particulièrement difficile.Les travaux de cette thèse visent à proposer, en utilisant le formalisme des bigraphes comme modèle formel, une spécification et une implémentation des systèmes Cloud Computing élastiques sur deux aspects : structurel et comportemental.Du point de vue structurel, le but est de définir et de modéliser une structure correcte des systèmes Cloud du côté " backend ". Cette partie est supportée par les capacités de spécification fournies par le formalisme des Bigraphes, à savoir : le principe de "sorting" et de règles de construction permettant de définir les desiderata du concepteur. Concernant l'aspect comportemental, il s'agit de modéliser, valider et implémenter des stratégies génériques de mise à l'échelle automatique en vue de décrire les différents mécanismes d'auto-adaptation élastiques des systèmes cloud (mise à l'échelle horizontale, verticale, migration, etc.), en multi-couches (i.e., aux niveaux service et infrastructure). Ces tâches sont prises en charge par les aspects dynamiques propres aux Systèmes Réactifs Bigraphiques (BRS) notamment par le biais des règles de réaction.Les stratégies d'élasticité introduites visent à guider le déclenchement conditionnel des différentes règles de réaction définies, afin de décrire les comportements d'auto-adaptation des systèmes Cloud au niveau service et infrastructure. L'encodage de ces spécifications et leurs implémentations sont définis en logique de réécriture via le langage Maude. Leur bon fonctionnement est vérifié formellement à travers une technique de model-checking supportée par la logique temporelle linéaire LTL.Afin de valider ces contributions d'un point de vue quantitatif, nous proposons une approche à base de file d'attente pour analyser, évaluer et discuter les stratégies d'élasticité d'un système Cloud à travers différents scénarios simulés. Dans nos travaux, nous explorons la définition d'une "bonne" stratégie en prenant en compte une étude de cas qui repose sur la nature changeante de la charge de travail. Nous proposons une manière originale de composer plusieurs stratégies d'élasticité à plusieurs niveaux afin de garantir différentes politiques de haut-niveau. / Elasticity property allows Cloud systems to adapt to their incoming workload by provisioning and de-provisioning computing resources in an autonomic manner, as the demand rises and drops. Due to the unpredictable nature of the workload and the numerous factors that impact elasticity, providing accurate action plans to insure a Cloud system's elasticity while preserving high level policies (performance, costs, etc.) is a particularly challenging task. This thesis aims at providing a thorough specification and implementation of Cloud systems, by relying on bigraphs as a formal model, over two aspects: structural and behavioral.Structurally, the goal is to define a correct modeling of Cloud systems' "back-end" structure. This part is supported by the specification capabilities of Bigraph formalism. Specifically, via "sorting" mechanisms and construction rules that allow defining the designer's desiderata. As for the behavioral part, it consists of model, implement and validate generic elasticity strategies in order to describe Cloud systems' auto-adaptive behaviors (i.e., horizontal and vertical scaling, migration, etc.) in a cross-layer manner (i.e., at service and infrastructure levels). These tasks are supported by the dynamic aspects of Bigraphical Reactive Systems (BRS) formalism (through reaction rules).The introduced elasticity strategies aim at guiding the conditional triggering of the defined reaction rules, to describe Cloud systems' auto-scaling behaviors in a cross-layered manner. The encoding of these specifications and their implementation are defined in Rewrite Logic via Maude language. Their correctness is formally verified through a model-checking technique supported by the linear temporal logic LTL.In order to quantitatively validate these contributions, we propose a queuing-based approach in order to evaluate, analyze and discuss elasticity strategies in Cloud systems through different simulated execution scenarios. In this work, we explore the definition of a “good” strategy through a case study which considers the changing nature of the input workload. We propose an original way de compose different cross-layer elasticity strategies to guarantee different high-level policies.
23

La perception de la Nature dans Le Roman de Tristan et Iseut : Étude écocritique comparative entre la composition de Joseph Bédier et ses sources médiévales

Hedenmalm, Li January 2019 (has links)
Ce mémoire est une analyse comparative écocritique entre Le Roman de Tristan et Iseut, composé par Joseph Bédier en 1900, et ses sources médiévales principales : les poèmes du XIIIe siècle de Béroul, de Thomas d’Angleterre, d’Eilhart d’Oberg et de Gottfried de Strasbourg. L’objectif principal de notre étude est de chercher à savoir si la perception de la Nature dans le roman de Bédier diffère de celle des textes médiévaux. Pour atteindre ce but, nous dirigeons notre attention sur les descriptions des paysages sauvages et sur les épisodes où les forces de la Nature semblent influencer le déroulement des évènements du récit. Nous analysons ces passages, et nous les comparons avec les descriptions correspondantes tirées des sources de Bédier. Nos résultats montrent que, même si la représentation de la Nature est chez Bédier loin d’être unilatérale, elle témoigne généralement d’une vue plus positive de la nature sauvage par rapport aux textes médiévaux. De ce fait, le roman de Bédier s’éloigne de la tradition médiévale, qui consiste à voir les environnements sauvages comme étant inhospitaliers et périlleux, et s’approche plutôt de la tradition romantique qui célèbre les merveilles de la Nature. / This essay is a comparative ecocritical analysis of The Romance of Tristan and Iseult, composed by Joseph Bédier in 1900, and its principal medieval sources: the thirteenth-century poems of Béroul, Thomas of Britain, Eilhart von Oberge and Gottfried von Strassburg. The overall aim of the study is to investigate how the perception of Nature in Bédier’s work differs from that in the medieval texts. To meet this aim, we turn to the textual descriptions of wild landscapes and the episodes where the forces of Nature seem to have a powerful influence on the unfolding of the events in the story. These passages are analysed and compared with the corresponding descriptions in Bédier’s sources. Our results show that, while Bédier’s portrayal of Nature is by no means one-sided, it generally displays a more positive view of Nature and wilderness than the medieval texts. In this regard, Bédier’s novel moves away from the medieval tradition of imagining wild environments as inhospitable and perilous and approaches the romantic tradition of celebrating the wonders of Nature.

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