This thesis investigates conceptual networks —systems of organising, understanding and explaining thought and knowledge— and the ways in which they underlie both text and its mise en page across a range of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century French and Catalan literary texts and their manuscript witnesses. Each of the three chapters explores a separate corpus of texts, using two of four interrelated network theories: Michel Serres’ notion of parasites and hosts as the basic interconnecting units that combine to constitute all relational networks; the ubiquitous organizational tree; Gilles Deleuze’s concept of the fold as the primary factor in producing differentiation and identity; and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s unruly, anti-hierarchical and anti-arborescent rhizomatic systems. The first chapter engages primarily with parasites and trees; the second with trees and folds; and the third with folds and rhizomes. However, resonances with the other network theories are discussed as they occur, in order to demonstrate the fundamentally interconnected and often interchangeable nature of these systems. Each chapter includes close analysis of manuscript witnesses of the texts under discussion. The first chapter, ‘Saints Denis and Fanuel: Parasitism and Arborescence on the Manuscript Page’, examines parasitic and arboreal networks in two hagiographic texts: late thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century prose redactions of the Vie de Saint Denis, and the thirteenth‐century hagiographic romance Li Romanz de Saint Fanuel. The second chapter, ‘Ramon Llull’s Folding Forests: The World, the Tree and the Book’, addresses arborescent and folding structures in Llull’s encyclopaedic Arbre de ciència [Tree of Science], composed between 1295 and 1296. The third chapter, ‘Transgender Genealogy: Turning, Folding and Crossing Gender’, considers three characters in medieval French texts who can be read as transgender: Saint Fanuel; the King of Torelore in Aucassin et Nicolette; and Blanchandin/e in Tristan de Nanteuil. The chapter explores the ways in which these characters’ queer trajectories can be understood through conceptions of directionality which relate to the fold and the rhizome.

A mudança do sistema de colheita da cana-de-açúcar com o uso de fogo para a colheita mecanizada, chamada de cana verde ou cana crua, é um processo irreversível, gradativo porém contínuo, previsto na legislação estadual paulista. Um dos pontos críticos no processo produtivo da cana-de-açúcar é a interferência imposta pelas plantas daninhas. A tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) é uma das plantas daninhas mais prejudiciais à cultura da cana-de-açúcar entretanto, com a implementação da colheita mecanizada, o desenvolvimento desta planta poderá ser afetado. O objetivo do experimento foi verificar se a adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar poderia afetar o desenvolvimento de plantas de tiririca provenientes de tubérculos de tamanho pequeno (0,22 a 0,34 g) e grande (1,01 a 1,14 g), plantados em diferentes épocas do ano. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação, em Campinas, SP e disposto em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Tubérculos dormentes de tiririca de tamanho pequeno e grande foram plantados em maio, julho e setembro e adicionou-se sobre o solo palha de cana-de-açúcar RB 855156, nas quantidades correspondentes a 0,0, 5,0, 10,0 e 15,0 t/ha. Em cada época de instalação do experimento, a cada 28 dias até 84 dias, as plantas de tiririca foram avaliadas quanto à altura média, cortadas ao nível do solo. As estruturas subterrâneas e aéreas foram separadas nas diferentes estruturas e avaliou-se suas biomassas frescas e secas e a área foliar. De modo geral, o tamanho maior dos tubérculos favoreceu o desenvolvimento da parte subterrânea. O número de brotações emergidas não foi afetado pelo tamanho de tubérculos mas, a altura média, área foliar e as biomassas das folhas e da parte aérea foram maiores quando originadas de tubérculos de tamanho grande. A adição de palha de cana-de-açúcar ao solo afetou mais as plantas originadas de tubérculos pequenos que de grandes. A adição de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causou redução no desenvolvimento nas diferentes estruturas subterrâneas, seguindo para todas as variáveis uma equação do segundo grau. Aplicações de quantidades crescentes de palha de cana-de-açúcar causaram diminuição no número de brotações, área foliar e as biomassas frescas e secas das folhas e da parte aérea total. A formação e o desenvolvimento dos rizomas e de tubérculos + bulbos basais, assim como das biomassas fresca e seca de rizomas e fresca de tubérculos + bulbos basais foram maiores no plantio realizados em setembro e menores nos de julho. Verificou-se que, exceto para altura média, o plantio de setembro proporcionou plantas com maior número de brotações, área foliar e biomassas fresca e seca de folhas e da parte aérea total. Para altura média, os melhores resultados foram observados no plantio de maio. Para todas as variáveis analisadas, o plantio de julho apresentou sempre os menores valores. Quanto ao efeito de época de avaliação, verificou-se que para todas as variáveis analisadas foram observados aumentos lineares em função do tempo. / The change in harvest systems for sugar cane from use of fire to mechanical harvest, is an irreversible process, gradual although continuous, foreseen in the São Paulo State Legislation. One of the critical points in the productive process of sugar cane is the interference imposed by weeds. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the most sugar cane crop-damaging weeds, nevertheless with implementation of mechanical harvest technology, which leaves a thick layer straw superior to 20 ton/ha, the development of this plant could be affected. This experiment aimed to verify if the addition of sugar cane straw could affect the development of purple nutsedge plants deriving from tubers of small (0,20-0,34g) and large (1,01-1,14g) sizes, planted at different times of the year. The experiment was carrIED out in glass house, in Campinas, São Paulo, in randomized blocks with four replicates. Tubers of small and large sizes of purple nutsedge were planted in May, July and September, and RB 855156 sugar cane straw was added, in quantities corresponding to 0, 5,0, 10,0 and 15,0 ton/ha. Every 28 days until 84 days after each planting period, the purple nutsedge plants were evaluated as to their average plant height, cut to soil level, and the aerial part was separated from the subterranean. The aerial and subterranean structures were separated, and evaluated as to their fresh and dry weights and foliar area. Generally, the larger sized tubers were more favorable to the development of subterranean parts. The number of emerged sprouts was not affected by tuber size; but plant height, foliar area and aerial part weights were larger when originated from large-sized tubers. The addition of sugar cane straw to the soil affected plants derivated from small tuber more than those originated from large one. The addition of growing quantities of straw caused reduction in the development of different kinds of subterranean structures, following for all variables one second-order equation. Application of growing quantities of straw caused a decrease in the sprouts number, area foliar and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. The formation and development of rhizomes and tubers + basal bulbs, similarly to the fresh and dry rhizome weights of tubers + basal bulbs were larger in September planting and the smallest in July. It was verified that, with exception of average plant height, the September planting generated a larger number of sprouts, foliar area and fresh and dry leaf and total aerial part weights. As for average plant height, the best results were observed at the May planting. For all analyzed variables, the July plantation always presented the smallest values. As to the time of evaluation, it was verified that all variables increased linearly in function of time.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Andreson08082012.pdf: 1844682 bytes, checksum: 1485a61319b70e011d9bd42a516134df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-08 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / Looking for the chemical alternative control against the Aedes aegypti mosquito, several researches are developed and stimulated aiming discover new insecticide substances of vegetal origin. In this work, from the extraction and analytical study of the essential oil of the rhizomes of the Zingiber officinale Roscoe, the larvicidal effect of the oil against larvas in third phase of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1792) was analyzed. The essential oil was extracted quantitatively by hydrodistilation. The essential oil physical-chemical proprieties (density, refraction rate, solubility, color and appearance) was determined. The oil was analytically characterized by infra-red (FTIR) and gas chromatography coupled to spectrometer of mass (CG-EM). The oil s CL50 was calculated from the Reed-Muench (1938) and Pizzi (1950) methods, respectively. The oil yield was 0.52% m/v. 18 components were identified in the oil, and the major presence of α- zingiberene was confirmed by the spectroscopic technics. The essential oil got CL50 76.07 (±2,24) μg mL-1. The results indicate that the essential oil evaluated is compound by substances that propitiate larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti. / Na procura pelo controle químico alternativo contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti, diversas pesquisas são desenvolvidas e estimuladas no intuito de descobrirem novas substâncias inseticidas de origem vegetal. Neste trabalho a partir da extração e do estudo analítico do óleo essencial dos rizomas do Zingiber officinale Roscoe, foi analisado o efeito larvicida do óleo contra larvas em terceiro estágio do mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1792). Extraiu-se quantitativamente o óleo essencial por hidrodestilação. Determinaram-se as propriedades físico-químicas do óleo essencial (densidade, índice de refração, solubilidade, cor e aparência). Caracterizou-se analiticamente o óleo por infravermelho (FTIR) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (CG-EM). Calculou-se a CL50 do óleo, a partir dos métodos de Reed-Muench (1938) e Pizzi (1950), respectivamente. O rendimento do óleo foi de 0,52% m/v. Foram identificados 18 componentes no óleo, e a presença majoritária do α- zingibereno foi confirmada pelas técnicas espectroscópica. O óleo essencial obteve CL50 de 76,07 (±2,24) μg mL-1 Os resultados indicam que o óleo essencial avaliado é composto por substâncias que propiciam efeito larvicida contra Aedes aegypti.

This thesis is an exploration of ancestral narratives in the fiction of Thomas Keneally and Christopher Koch. Initially, ancestry in literature creates an historical relationship which articulates the link between the past and the present. In this sense ancestry functions as a type of cultural memory where various issues of inheritance can be negotiated. However, the real value of ancestral narratives lies in their power to aid in the construction of both personal and communal identities. They have the potential to transform these identities, to transgress “natural” boundaries and to reshape conventional identities in the light of historical experience. For Keneally, ancestral narratives depict national forbears who “narrate the nation” into being. His earlier fictions present ancestors of the nation within a mythic and symbolic framework to outline Australian national identity. This identity is static, oppositional, and characterized by the delineation of boundaries which set nations apart from one another. However, Keneally’s more recent work transforms this conventional construction of national identity. It depicts an Irish-Australian diasporic identity which is hyphenated and transgressive: it transcends the conventional notion of nations as separate entities pitted against one another. In this way Keneally’s ancestral narratives enact the potential for transforming identity through ancestral narrative. On the other hand, Koch’s work is primarily concerned with the intergenerational trauma causes by losing or forgetting one’s ancestral narrative. His novels are concerned with male gender identity and the fragmentation which characterizes a self-destructive idea of maleness. While Keneally’s characters recover their lost ancestries in an effort to reshape their idea of what it is to be Australian, Koch’s main protagonist lives in ignorance of his ancestor’s life. He is thus unable to take the opportunity to transform his masculinity due to the pervasive cultural amnesia surrounding his family history and its role in Tasmania’s past. While Keneally and Koch depict different outcomes in their fictional ancestral narratives they are both deeply concerned with the potential to transform national and gender identities through ancestry.