As práticas equestres, em especial, o hipismo, estão relacionadas com a configuração do cenário sociocultural de Porto Alegre, bem como, do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O cavalo, para a identidade do sul-rio-grandense, representa um de seus símbolos, uma vez que sempre se associaram, ao longo da história do Rio Grande do Sul. A parceria entre homem e animal está presente, também, nos momentos de lazer e diversão. Desde as primeiras manifestações do fenômeno do associativismo esportivo em Porto Alegre, por volta da segunda metade do século XIX, já ocorriam, na cidade, práticas esportivas que abarcavam a participação do cavalo, como as corridas de cavalos, conhecidas como “carreiras em cancha reta”, e o turfe, corridas de cavalos em pista circular/elíptica. Novas práticas equestres emergem nos quartéis no início do século XX: pólo equestre, caça à raposa, volteio e hipismo, onde o salto constitui a prática mais divulgada. O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender como se sucedeu a esportivização das práticas equestres em Porto Alegre, em particular do salto do hipismo, nas décadas de 1920 a 1940. Para a realização desta pesquisa histórica, utilizaram-se fontes impressas, tais como atas de entidades do turfe e do hipismo, a Revista do Globo e os jornais “Correio do Povo”, “Diário de Notícias”, “A Federação” e “Gazeta de Porto Alegre”. As fontes revelaram que, no contexto predominantemente rural, em Porto Alegre, na segunda metade do século XIX, emergiram as primeiras práticas equestres com elementos de esportivização. Dentre estas, destacam-se o turfe e o hipismo como exemplos de práticas equestres que desenvolveram propriedades características de esporte moderno. Neste processo, as mulheres foram de espectadoras, no turfe, a praticantes, no salto. / Equestrian practices, in particular, horse riding, are related to Porto Alegre’s sociocultural context configuration, as well as Rio Grande do Sul’s. The horse is one of the symbols for Rio Grande do Sul’s identity, since they have always been associated throughout this state’s history. Thus, it would not be surprising that such a partnership between man and animal was also present in moments of leisure and fun. Therefore, since the earliest manifestations of the sportive association phenomenon in Porto Alegre, in the second half of the nineteenth century, there already were sportive practices which counted with horse’s participation such as horse races known as ‘straight line horse races’ and turf, circular/elliptical horse races. New equestrian practices emerged in the barracks in the early twentieth century: equestrian polo, fox hunting, vaulting and horse riding, where show jumping is the most widespread practice. Considering this background, this study aims to understand how sportivization process of equestrian practices happened in Porto Alegre, in particular of show jumping, in the decades from 1920 to 1940. In order to accomplish this historical research, documentary and printed sources have been used, such as turf and show jumping entities’ minutes, Revista do Globo magazine, and the newspapers “Correio do Povo”, “Diário de Notícias”, “A Federação”, and “Gazeta de Porto Alegre”. The sources have revealed that, in a predominantly rural context in Porto Alegre, in the second half of the nineteeth century, the first equestrian practices with sportivization elements have emerged. Among these, we highlight turf and show jumping as examples of equestrian practices which have developed all the characteristic properties of modern sport. In this process, from spectators in turf, women became practitioners in show jumping.

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Goal of this Master´s Thesis is creation of Business plan for riding school with option of stabling and verification of feasibility in current business environment. Benefit of this work is application of theoretical part on realization of business case Happy Horse and clarification of profitability and riskiness of this investment. Created business plan will be applicable for similar types of projects. Theoretical part consists of steps needed for creation of business plan. Practical part applies used theory to conceive business plan Happy Horse Ltd. This Master´s Thesis verifies profitability of the project considering competition in horsemanship in Prague.

This dissertation advances a new argumentative approach to the political problem of black reparations in the contemporary United States appealing to the normative principle of fair play. Among its core presumptions is the view that getting appreciable numbers of white Americans to acknowledge what I call the primary normative case for black reparations will require, among other things, a new kind of discursive move, namely: the deployment of an intermediary case designed to facilitate recognition of the primary one. The two central tasks of my dissertation are to establish the need for such an intermediary case, and to make it via my novel fair play argument. My approach to fair play reasoning involves three main innovations: First, I introduce the possibility of deploying that framework in a corrective mode, to ground redistributive obligations on the part of members of systemically advantaged groups, but which do not imply guilt or blame. Second, in arguing for that deployment, I offer a novel conception of free-riding which I call externalist insofar as it defines the latter without reference to the relevant agents’ mental states. Third, I argue that in a range of cases those corrective obligations of fair play can qualify as reparative despite the fact that their normative force is not determined by direct reference to any discrete wrong, or what I call extrinsically reparative. A key plank of my proposal is the empirical claim that the lens of fair play is better suited to overcoming many of the moral and social psychological obstacles that have long plagued political progress on black reparations in the U.S. I defend this claim by drawing upon various strands of the empirical literature on white racial identity in connection with attitudes toward race-sensitive social policies generally. I argue that it is only upon being safely confronted with the details of how their very whiteness precipitates the nonvoluntary receipt of various unearned material advantages that white Americans will begin to perceive their own personal involvement in America’s long history of racial injustice, and feel a new kind of pressure to do something about it. / 2021-10-29T00:00:00Z

The aim of the Master’s thesis is a new utilisation of the former collective farm and its surroundings. The area is located in the town district of Brno – Žebětín and comes under the areas of brownfield of Brno. The purpose of urban design was to create a functional living organism that will respect the needs of society in this area, the values, topography, existing development and will be adequately connected to the transport and technical infrastructure. The resulting solution is to revitalize the Vrbovec Stream crossing the area and thus forms an imaginary axis around which all activities take place. The central part of the area is a large central space that serves to relax and also to take place various cultural events. The central area connects the existing settlement Kamechy with a suburb of Žebětín and is connected to it by another footpath to the entire territory. Being another important element of the area, the current zone of greenery will be enriched with newly planted leafy trees.

Thesis advisor: Hideo Konishi / The majority of this work focuses on the theoretical analysis of collective action, group efficiency, and incentive mechanisms in team contests where individual outlays of heterogeneous agents are not observable. The reward allocation within the group is instead dependent on observable worker characteristics, modeled as individual abilities, as well as on the observable level of aggregate output. I study the incentives for free-riding and the group-size paradox under a very general set of intra-team allocation rules. I further derive the optimal allocation mechanism which rewards agents according to a general-logit specification based on their relative ability. I derive conditions under which a team's performance is most sensitive to the ability of its highest-skill members, while at the same time higher spread in the distribution of ability has a positive effect on group output. In the final chapter I shift attention to the problem of optimal player order choice in dynamic pairwise team battles. I show that even if player order choice is conducted endogenously and sequentially after observing the outcomes of earlier rounds, then complete randomization over remaining agents is always a subgame perfect equilibrium. The zero-sum nature of these type of contests implies that expected payoffs for each team are independent of whether the contest matching pairs are determined endogenously and sequentially or announced before the start of the game. In both cases the ex-ante payoffs are equivalent to those when an independent contest organizer randomly draws the matches. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an intricate and complex disorder that continues to grow in its prevalence year after year. The disorder is based on decreased social communication with prevalent stereotypical behaviors and problems in sensory processing. Due to the disorder diagnosis based on a spectrum, each child is different in their severity, and thus requires individualized forms of therapies and treatments. The cause of ASD is unknown, which makes the treatment difficult to standardize. Desperate to find a regimen that benefits their child’s ability to function more successfully, more and more parents are utilizing complementary alternative medicine (CAM). The problem with CAM is lack of evidence that supports using CAM practice. One example of CAM is hippotherapy, which is a type of intervention used by physical, occupational and speech therapists which uses the movements of a horse to address a patient’s impairments physically, emotionally and neurologically. Hippotherapy has been used since the 1960s for a number of disorders. This systematic literature review examines the effects of hippotherapy for children with ASD in regards to increasing social communication and decreasing stereotypical behaviors. The conclusion of the review resulted in conflicting evidence regarding the efficacy of hippotherapy for children with ASD. This inconclusive lack of evidence is generally due to the lack of standardized measurement scales or treatment plans used during each session and small sample sizes.

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With a rise in concern for animal welfare, the equine world has started using positive reinforcement (R+); as such, horses often experience a combination of negative reinforcement (R-) and R+. I compared the effects of R- to a combination of positive and negative reinforcement (R-/R+) training. Horses were trained to walk across two visually discriminable liverpools (striped, Experiment 1; colored water, Experiment 2), each associated with either R- or R-/R+, and training type alternating across six days. I measured highest training criteria reached, prevalence of undesirable behaviors, salivary cortisol (pre- and post-training), time spent by the trainer in motionless human tests (pre- and post-training), and horses' preference for the two liverpools using concurrent choice. Across both experiments, I found no significant difference in the proportions of criteria reached between training types; horses engaged in mugging for longer periods of time in R-/R+ than R-; no significant difference between training types for the pre- to post-change of cortisol; a greater proportion of horses increased time spent with R-/R+ trainer than the R- trainer; and no difference between first choice in the preference test or time horses spent in proximity to the liverpool, based on the training type with which the liverpool was associated. Overall, I found few differences between R-/R+ and R-, which could be due to horses only having 30 min total training contact with either training, or my use of relatively low intensities of R- and R+. / Master of Science / The equine world has started using positive reinforcement (R+), such as providing treats. Often horses experience a combination of negative reinforcement (R-) and R+, such as having rein pressure released and being given a treat. I compared effects of R- to a combination of positive and negative reinforcement (R-/R+) training. Horses were trained to walk across two visually distinct liverpools, a 1 m X 2.7 m shallow pool, (striped, Experiment 1; colored water, Experiment 2) each associated with either R- or R-/R+, and training type alternating across six days. I measured highest training level reached, occurrence of undesirable behaviors, salivary cortisol (a measure of stress), time spent by the trainer in motionless human tests, and horses' preference for the two liverpools. Across both experiments, I found no significant difference in the proportions of criteria reached between training types; horses investigated the trainer for treats for longer durations in R-/R+ than R-; no significant difference between training types for the pre- to post-change; a greater proportion of horses increased time spent with R-/R+ trainer than R- trainer; and no difference between first choice in the preference test or time horses spent in proximity to the liverpool, based on the training type with which the liverpool was associated. Overall, I found few differences between R-/R+ and R-, which could be due to horses only having 30 min total training contact with either training, or my use of relatively low intensities of R- and R+.

Chan Kin. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1998-99, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Introduction / Background / Equestrian in H.K. / Research and Studies / Precendents / Program Development / Site Selection / Design / Site and Contraints / Horse trail / Folding of the path / Site Plan / Plans / Sections and Elevations / Model construction / Materail / Structure / Movie / Bibliography