Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-11-30T12:22:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronei Leonardo Pulz_.pdf: 3852143 bytes, checksum: d1c29419943db18caec3e75a37c89336 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T12:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronei Leonardo Pulz_.pdf: 3852143 bytes, checksum: d1c29419943db18caec3e75a37c89336 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-09 / Nenhuma / A presente dissertação trata sobre o atual panorama acerca dos impactos e responsabilidades trazidas pelas nanotecnologias e a construção de possibilidades ambientalmente sustentáveis. No cenário global são tidas como protagonistas da próxima revolução tecnológica, portanto, justifica a importância da análise prévia de sustentabilidade frente ao impacto social e ambiental, positivo ou negativo, dos efeitos produzidos pela indústria e pelo consumo (des)informado dos produtos nanotecnológicos aplicados ao setor de aparelhos eletrônicos ou de informação. Considerando o cenário dualista – entre as vantagens e os riscos – das nanotecnologias e a falta de uma regulação específica, procura-se responder ao seguinte problema: em que medida o fenômeno das nanotecnologias prejudica ou não a construção da noção de um modelo (nano)ambiental sustentável e de responsabilidade? Objetiva-se, estudar os impactos e efeitos socioambientais desse fenômeno sob o viés dos princípios constitucionais da prevenção, precaução e informação que norteiam o desenvolvimento sustentável no Direito Ambiental e qual sua contribuição frente a ausência da (nano)regulação de segurança e (in)suficiência de dados de pesquisa sobre os efeitos toxicológicos, servindo como base de alerta para o debate multidisciplinar sobre os seus reflexos no meio ambiente e no desenvolvimento sustentável. A cerca disso, constata-se que, os princípios ambientais condicionam e possibilitam a construção de um paradigma sustentável e de responsabilidade (nano)ambiental, levando em consideração as condicionantes para aplicação da logística reversa no contexto da (nano)regulação. A título metodológico e de referencial teórico, será utilizada a perspectiva sistêmica, desencadeando uma ênfase na observação da Teoria do Risco a partir da obra Sociología del riesgo de Niklas Luhmann. Esta metodologia se justifica na premente necessidade de formação de uma coerência em toda a amplitude da regulação das nanotecnologias no Brasil. Diante da incipiente produção e informação bibliográfica sobre o tema no Brasil, a pesquisa dará ênfase às experiências do Direito nacional, utilizando-se da gestão dos riscos e da logística reversa para a formação de dados que indiquem a sua possível compatibilidade com a produção de respostas. A técnica de pesquisa será a bibliográfica e consistirá na análise documental realizada sobre várias fontes, tais como normas constitucionais, leis ordinárias, decretos legislativos, resoluções normativas, Diários Oficiais, Tribunais, órgãos estatais, revistas especializadas, periódicos, livros, doutrina, etc. A pesquisa bibliográfica será desenvolvida, ainda, pela consulta a diversas fontes interdisciplinares em matéria de nanotecnologias, destacando-se, especialmente, documentos tais como constatações científicas, normatizações pertinentes, doutrina e decisões que digam respeito à matéria objeto deste projeto, dando especial ênfase a comparação crítica dos contextos europeu, norte-americano e brasileiro. / This dissertation deals with the current situation on the impacts and responsibilities brought by nanotechnology, and the construction of environmentally friendly possibilities. On the global stage are seen as protagonists of the next technological revolution, therefore justifies the importance of prior analysis of sustainability across the social and environmental impact, positive or negative, of the effects produced by industry and the consumer (un)informed of nanotechnology products applied to sector of electronics or information. Considering the dualistic scenario - between the benefits and risks - of nanotechnology and the lack of a specific regulation, looking to answer the following question: to what extent the phenomenon of nanotechnologies affect or not the construction of the notion of a model sustainable (nano)environmental and responsibility? The purpose is to study the impacts and environmental effects of this phenomenon under the bias of the constitutional principles of prevention, precaution and information that guide sustainable development in Environmental Law and what their contribution compared to the absence of safety (nano)regulation and (in)sufficiency of research data on toxicological effects, serving as a warning basis for multidisciplinary debate about its effects on the environment and sustainable development. About this, it appears that the environmental principles condition and enable the construction of a sustainable paradigm and responsibility (nano)environment, taking into account the conditions for application of reverse logistics in the context of (nano)regulation. The methodological basis and theoretical, systemic perspective will be used, triggering an emphasis on observation of Risk Theory from the work Sociology del riesgo Niklas Luhmann. This methodology is justified in pressing need of forming a consistency across the range of regulation of nanotechnology in Brazil. Faced with the incipient production and bibliographic information on the topic in Brazil, the research will emphasize the experiences of national law, using risk management and reverse logistics for the formation of data indicating its possible compatibility with the production of answers. The research technique will consist of the bibliographic and documentary analysis on various sources, such as constitutional provisions, ordinary laws, legislative decrees, normative resolutions, Official Gazettes, courts, state agencies, journals, periodicals, books, teaching, etc. The literature will be developed also by consulting with various interdisciplinary sources in the field of nanotechnologies, highlighting especially documents such as scientific findings, pertinent standards, doctrine and decisions relating to the subject matter of this project, with special emphasis critical comparison of European contexts, the US and Brazil.

En France, le rapport aux moustiques et les politiques de démoustication présentent des histoires et des caractéristiques différenciées d’un territoire à l’autre. Si dans les DFA les moustiques n'ont jamais cessé d'être des facteurs épidémiques, sur le pourtour méditerranéen en revanche, ils ne constituaient plus de risques sanitaires depuis près d'un demi-siècle. Dans les DFA, les opérations de démoustication ont toujours principalement relevé de politiques sanitaires de Lutte Anti-Vectorielle, tandis qu'en métropole furent mises en place des démoustications de confort visant à réduire la nuisance. Mais, à partir de 2004, la situation évolue suite à l’installation durable du moustique vecteur Aedes albopictus sur le littoral méditerranéen et à l’élargissement progressif de son aire de répartition, exposant la métropole à des risques sanitaires jusqu'alors circonscrits aux régions tropicales. Mobilisant les cadres théoriques des sociologies de l’environnement, des risques et de la santé, et s'appuyant sur un corpus réunissant données qualitatives (311 entretiens et observation participante) et quantitatives (1415 questionnaires), cette thèse analyse la recomposition du rapport entre enjeux environnementaux et sanitaires face à la prolifération de moustiques vecteurs. L'analyse porte tout d'abord sur la place et le statut de l’insecte au sein des différentes populations. Puis, l’attention est portée aux caractéristiques socioéconomiques influençant la vulnérabilité individuelle. Ensuite, les attentes et demandes de la population relatives à la démoustication sont questionnées. Enfin, la dernière partie développe une analyse diachronique dans les Alpes-Maritimes. / In France,the human-mosquito relationship and the mosquito control policies show differentiated stories and features from one territory to another.Thus,if in FDA mosquitoes never ceased being epidemic factors,however,on the Mediterranean coast until recently they no longer represented a Health risk.Indeed,in the FDA,since their implementation,mosquito control campaigns have always been conducted for a sanitary purpose through vector control campaigns.Meanwhile,in metropolitan France,aiming to reduce the nuisance,these policies were initially implemented to ensure the inhabitants comfort.But,starting from 2004,following the durable installation of the Asian tiger mosquito on the French Mediterranean coastline and the progressive widening of its distribution area,the context evolves and,from now on,the metropolitan France is potentially exposed to health risks hitherto circumscribed to tropical areas.Mobilising the theoretical frameworks of environmental,health and risks sociologies,and based on a corpus gathering qualitative (311 interviews and direct observations) and quantitative data (1415 questionnaires),this PhD analyses the recombining of the relationship between environmental and health challenges in light of the vector mosquitoes proliferation.It initially focuses on the place and status of the insect within the different populations.Then, the socio-economic factors influencing the individual vulnerability of exposure to the insect are studied.The third part is devoted to the expectations and requests of the inhabitants regarding the public management of the mosquitoes’ proliferation.Finally, a diachronic analysis centered on the Alps-Maritimes region is developed.