No description available.

This thesis addresses the complex issue of risk classification in the field of insurance. Prior to accepting risks, insurance companies must first be able to evaluate those risks. Accordingly, they seek to collect the most information possible from, amongst other sources, the insured, so as to gage relative risk and evaluate whether to insure or not, to what degree and at what rate. In due course, the insurer will use this information on conjunction with statistical and actuarial calculations to draw hypotheses on the degree, probability and cost of risk. In selecting relevant risks for analysis, insurers will utilise set variables based on the area of insurance in which they operate. However, said variables are highly susceptible to being discriminatory. Notably, one thinks of sex and age which are contentiously considered by practitioners and scholars whether or not they operate in the field of insurance. This dissertation will examine exhaustively the normative framework in place in order to determine to what degree, if indeed at all, insurers can legitimately and legally utilize certain classifications such as age and sex in order to select, categorise and fix the price for the various risks offered to them. / The question shall arise, to what degree less or all-together non-discriminatory criteria should be favoured over criteria, sometimes considered, prohibited. In order to answer all these questions to better address the issue, we must first examine certain essential notions of insurance. Thus, in the first section, we will describe the relevant logistic practices in insurance industries. We shall focus on the decision process at various levels where potential discriminatory practices may arise. We will see that certain schools of thought on insurance classification are at odds, some times diametrically. We will, incidentally, favour the 'fair discrimination' doctrine over its traditional theoretical rival: 'anti-discrimination'. Our research shows that potentially discriminatory classification occurs at several stages of the ex ante and ex post contractual relationship, stages we will examine one at a time. In the second portion we will cover the general juridical regime of the right to non-discrimination in contracts at the international, national and provincial levels. Special attention will be paid to specific rules which allow some limited derogation to the constitutional rights against discrimination. We shall highlight that the legislative authority granted by the Quebec Charter does have limitations. What's more, certain guidelines recently established by the Supreme Court of Canada regarding application, must take precedence over various classification criteria pertaining to insurance which find their root in article 20.1 of the Quebec Charter. Ultimately, we will concentrate on what is just, which is to say the legitimacy of discrimination in a field that takes it for granted while seldomely questioning its foundations. We will come to apply a new measure for insurance discrimination. We will test this new measure in two specific fields: life insurance and automobile insurance. Overall, this thesis will allow us to determine how discriminatory classification can, at times, be legally employed (mostly in pre-selection and segmentation) in the above mentioned fields. We will conclude by proposing a new operating model which seeks to limit classification procedures that circumvent rights to privacy and non-discrimination.

Work deals with risk management of selected company. Risks are described in the company based on the three phases of crisis management. The first phase is to identify risks, the second valuation and risk quantification and the third control and risk financing. The work is focused mainly on prevention and company insurance. Furthermore, there are raised two fictitious crisis situations and its solutions.

No description available.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper proposes broad guidelines that the formal insurance companies in South Africa should follow when entering the low-income market, specifically LSM 1-5. The guidelines follow on a SWOT analysis of the formal insurance providers present in the informal market. After discussing the risks that the poor face and the riskmitigating strategies that they employ, we identify the opportunities and threats of this market segment. The strengths and weaknesses of the formal institutions are deduced from observations of how the informal institutions supply the credit, savings on which the poor rely. Important lessons and principles that are conducive to servicing the needs of the poor are discussed. To break into this market requires new distribution channels, new products and premium collection methods. The guidelines therefore suggest that strategic alliances be established with informal institutions to enable leverage of their networks and knowledge and to streamline the process. New products designed should incorporate the social features of the informal institutions concerned. New technology, such as prepaid vouchers and vending machines, should be investigated as possible ways of collecting premiums through bank accounts. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie dokument stel voor 'n wye gids wat die formele sektor van versekeraars in Suid-Afrika moet volg binne die lae-inkomste mark, spesifiek LSM 1-5. Hierdie riglyne is baseer op 'n SWOT-analise van formele versekerings verskaffers binne die informele mark. Eers moet die risiko en strategie wat die lae-inkomste sektor volg bespreek word, daarna moet die geleenthede en bedreigings van hierdie deel van die mark ge'identifiseer word. Die sterk- en swakhede van die formele en informele instellings moet waargeneem word, spesifiek hoe hulle krediet en versekerings produkte verskaf. 'n Baie belangrike aspek hiervan is hoe dienstig dit is vir die lae inkomste groepe. Om binne hierdie mark te breek, benodig dit nuwe verspreidings kanale, nuwe produkte en premium kollektiewe metodes. Hierdie riglyne benodig 'n strategiese bondgenootskap met informele instansies sodat dit die kennis en netwerke kan versterk in 'n vaartbelynde proses. Nuwe produkte wat ontwerp word moet sosiale aspekte van die informele sektor in ag neem. Nuwe tegnologie soos vooruitbetaalde kwitansie en muntautomaat masjiene moet ondersoek word as moontlike maniere om premies te kollekteer deur bank rekenings.

Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Equity-based insurance guarantees also known as unit-linked annuities are annuities with embedded exotic, long-term and path-dependent options which can be categorised into variable and equity indexed annuities, whereby investors participate in the security markets through insurance companies that guarantee them a minimum of their invested premiums. The difference between the financial options and options embedded in equity-based policies is that financial ones are financed by the option buyers’ premiums, whereas options of the equity-based policies are financed by also continuous fees that follow the premium paid first by the policyholders during the life of the contracts. Other important dissimilarities are that equity-based policies do not give the owner the right to sell the contract, and carry not just security market related risk, but also insurance related risks such as the selection rate, behavioural, mortality, others and the systematic longevity. Thus equity-based annuities are much complicated insurance products to precisely value and hedge. For insurance companies to successfully fulfil their promise of eventually returning at least initially invested amount to the policyholders, they have to be able to measure and manage risks within the equity-based policies. So in this thesis, we do fair pricing of the variable and equity indexed annuities, then discuss management of financial market and insurance risks management. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Aandeel-gebaseerde versekering waarborg ook bekend as eenheid-gekoppelde annuiteite is eksotiese, langtermyn-en pad-afhanklike opsies wat in veranderlike en gelykheid geindekseer annuiteite, waardeur beleggers neem in die sekuriteit markte deur middel van versekering maatskappye wat waarborg hulle ’n minimum van geklassifiseer kan word hulle belˆe premies. Die verskil tussen die finansi¨ele opsies en opsies is ingesluit in aandele-gebaseerde beleid is dat die finansi¨ele mense is gefinansier deur die opsie kopers se premies, terwyl opsies van die aandele-gebaseerde beleid word deur ook deurlopende fooie wat volg op die premie wat betaal word eers deur die polishouers gefinansier gedurende die lewe van die kontrakte. Ander belangrike verskille is dat aandele-gebaseerde beleid gee nie die eienaar die reg om die kontrak te verkoop, en dra nie net markverwante risiko sekuriteit, maar ook versekering risiko’s, soos die seleksie koers, gedrags, sterftes, ander en die sistematiese langslewendheid. So aandeel-gebaseerde annuiteite baie ingewikkeld versekering produkte om presies waarde en heining. Vir versekeringsmaatskappye suksesvol te vervul hul belofte van uiteindelik ten minste aanvanklik belˆe bedrag terug te keer na die polishouers, hulle moet in staat wees om te meet en te bestuur risiko’s binne die aandeel-gebaseerde beleid. So in hierdie tesis, ons doen billike pryse van die veranderlike en gelykheid geïndekseer annuiteite, bespreek dan die bestuur van finansiele markte en versekering risiko’s bestuur.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Dissertation (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-104).

The thesis is bent on problems associated with concept of suitable proprietary insurance of municipality Vrbátky. On the basis of the municipality’s risk analysis is designed proprietary insurance coverage, which minimizes the impact of the most severe risks on the municipality’s running.