This study deals with the road freight sector's capital structure and how leases, loans and equity affect the ratios. The study is based on a ten-year period between 2000-2010 in Sweden. Investments in finance is a complex and interesting subject to study, there are many factors that can affect how the company best choose their investments when they have many great business investment the decisions plays a greater role. The aim is to find an optimal capital structure from a financial investment point of view. The purpose will be answered by the following research question: Are there significant differences between leases, loans and equity financed fleet of factors, profitability, tax, turnover, age, and cyclicality. The study will also examine how debt is related to profit margin, DuPont and the tax, all through a regression analysis. Then were plausible economic theories for the study. These theories are the financial growth cycle, the pecking order theory, Trade off theory, and DuPont. In order to answer the purpose and problem definition, data was collected from the database retriever business where we got a sample of 121 companies. The study is based on bigger haulers that have a turnover of more than 10 million SEK and mainly engaged in road transport. The study has concluded that equity is the alternative that is best in general. To minimize the risks of the company is leasing better but generates less profit. Debt financing is better if you want a fast growth.

In my diploma thesis I focus on use of carnet TIR within international road freight transport to Russian Federation. The objective of the thesis is to introduce crisis connected with partial non-acceptance of carnet TIR in Russia and analyze the impact of this crisis to economy and forwarders. The second objective is to introduce Ukraine crisis, which also had an impact to forwarders. Finally, I will introduce a forwarder, who transports goods to Russia regularly and describe the impact of crisis on him.

L'objet de la thèse consiste à interroger un phénomène : la présence croissante de femmes dans le métier de conducteur routier simultanément aux transformations importantes qui le traversent. La description des propriétés sociologiques et des conditions de travail des conductrices a été réalisée à partir de récits de vie, d'observations du travail et de données quantitatives obtenues par voie de questionnaire. Le développement de postes journaliers en même temps que se déployaient des stratégies pour faire venir de nouveaux candidats (appels de la profession en direction des femmes pour répondre à des difficultés de recrutement de personnels roulants), ont semble-t-il trouvé une résonance auprès de certaines femmes. Les unes déjà attirées par ce métier, les autres considérant que cela pouvait présenter quelque avantage. La thèse montre que le métier de conducteur routier peut offrir des potentialités d'ajustement aux temporalités spécifiques des femmes, tout en leur permettant d'expérimenter une activité professionnelle éloignée des caractéristiques des emplois ou fonctions qu'elles occupent le plus souvent dans un contexte où leur infériorité numérique leur confère un statut d'exception. On a pu établir que sur le plan de la stricte réalisation du travail, les hommes et les femmes qui exercent ce métier sont semblables. Pris dans les mêmes contraintes, ils agissent de manière similaire pour atteindre des objectifs de production qu'ils partagent. Sur d'autres plans, les conducteurs des deux sexes se distinguent. Ces différences tiennent principalement à la position particulière des femmes dans ce métier. Minoritaires parmi les hommes dans un métier construit autour de valeurs masculines, elles doivent adopter des comportements spécifiques pour se faire accepter comme des professionnelles à part entière d'une part, pour neutraliser les rapports de séduction et évacuer toute suspicion quand à leurs motivations à évoluer dans ce milieu, d'autre part / The subject of the thesis is to question a phenomenon : women's increasing presence among the lorry drivers simultaneously with the important transformations in the profession. The description of the sociological properties and the working conditions of the female lorry drivers was realized from interviews, observations of the work and quantitative data obtained by questionnaire.The development of daily posts at the same time as strategies towards the women to answer the difficulties of recruitment, seems to have found an echo with some women. Some of them were already attracted by this job, others considered that it could present some advantage.The research shows that the profession of lorry driver can offer potentialities of adjustment to the specific temporality of the women, while allowing them to experiment a professional activity remote from characteristics of jobs or functions which they occupy mostly in a context where their numerical inferiority confers them a status of exception. We were able to establish that from the point of view of the strict realization of the work, men and women who exercise this job are similar. They have the same constraints and they act in a similar way to reach objectives of production which they share. But the drivers of both sexes distinguish themselves. These differences come from the particular position of the women in this job. Members of a minority part among the men in a job built around male values, they have, on one hand, to adopt specific behaviour to be accepted as full professionals, on the other hand, to evacuate any suspicion about their motivations to evolve in this male environment

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the business economics, to assess the current company strategy and to find such a strategy which will result in the overall improvement and maintenance of the position in the market while rendering the given quality of the services not only in a short period of time but also in a long-term one. Another aim was to optimize costs for a longer time horizon.

By using innovative methods, such as the automated transfer of corporate electronic data to National Statistical Institutions, official transport data can be significantly improved in terms of reliability, costs and the burden on respondents. In this paper, we show that the automated compilation of statistical reports is possible and feasible. Based on previous findings, a new method and tool were developed in cooperation with two business partners from the logistics sector in Austria. The results show that the prototype could successfully be implemented at the partner companies. Improved data quality can lead to more reliable analyses in various fields. Compared to actual volumes of investments into transport, the costs of transport statistics are limited. By using the new and innovative data collection techniques, these costs can even be reduced in the long run; at the same time, the risk of bad investments and wrong decisions caused by analyses relying on poor data quality can be reduced. This results in a substantial value for business, research, the economy and the society.

Research shows that climate changes we face today is a consequence of the increasing amounts of greenhouse gases that circulate in our atmosphere due to increased human industrial activity. Many firms and industries are therefore increasingly implementing environmental management strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions towards a more sustainable environment. These environmental management efforts can be broadly classified under two umbrellas which are sustainable production and sustainable consumption and these two parts need to work together in order to contribute effectively towards a more sustainable environment. The environmental management literature however reveals a gap between sustainable production and sustainable use of vehicles in the automotive industry showing that while the major global environmental impact - greenhouse gas emissions - occurs when vehicles are put to use, the environmental management efforts in the industry are skewed to the production of vehicles.An emerging trend to breach this gap is that vehicle manufacturers are providing extending services to help vehicle users minimize their greenhouse gas emissions. This study analyses the extended service packages of the global truck manufacturer, Scania, against the environmental objectives and initiatives of five road transport companies in Sweden. An exploratory case study approach was used from the perspective of the road freight transport companies to find out if extended services present suitable opportunities to extend environmental management from manufacturers to users in the road freight transport industry. The study found that the extended services provide solutions that help road freighttransport companies to achieve lower fuel consumption and lower emissions from theirvehicles. Road freight transport companies traditionally invest in environmental initiatives to gain marketing advantages but the extended services present a rare opportunity to the companies to compete on profit margins by investing in the extended services. / Market Making of a High-value Business Model in Low Cost Markets: Value Co-Creation in Swedish Industry, CeLS, Project manager: Leif-Magnus Jensen, leif-magnus.jensen@jibs.hj.se, +46 36 10 1881.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ph_me_mar.pdf: 1885064 bytes, checksum: 3b53d96f12ef738d3d1bbe13db905059 (MD5) / Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as condições objetivas e subjetivas da dinâmica associativa presente na organização do trabalho dos caminhoneiros no Porto de Santos a partir de um estudo de caso realizado na Associação Comercial de Transportadores Autônomos (ACTA) e no Sindicato dos Transportadores Rodoviários Autônomos de Cargas a Granel (SINDGRAN). As entidades pesquisadas surgem em meados da década de 1980 e início dos anos 1990 como produto da resistência dos caminhoneiros diante do crescimento das empresas de transporte no transporte rodoviário e de sua tendência à monopolização da distribuição de cargas. Esse contexto foi compreendido mundialmente no conjunto das mudanças tecnológicas e organizacionais engendradas no processo de trabalho na década de 1970 e da implantação do neoliberalismo, processo que no Brasil tardiamente mesclou formas diferentes, mas não antagônicas do fordismo/taylorismo e toyotismo. Entretanto, dado a particularidade do trabalho do caminhoneiro, condição que remete a inserção desses sujeitos no processo de produção capitalista brasileiro, coube apontar como se manifestou a precarização nesse setor: que tipo de terceirização, como as inovações tecnológicas e organizacionais foram apropriadas e que implicações objetivas e subjetivas impuseram à categoria de trabalhadores em questão. Tal processo, carregado de contradições, impõe avanços e limites nas formas de organização econômica e política dos caminhoneiros, ao mesmo tempo em que é moldado pela pressão que esses sujeitos exercem. Assim, buscamos apontar como breves indicações as manifestações da questão da classe e da consciência de classe nessa categoria. / This study aims to analyze the objective and subjective conditions of associative dynamics present in the organization of the work of truckers at the Port of Santos from a case study conducted at the Commercial Association of Autonomous Transporters (ACTA) and the Union of Road Transporters Autonomous Bulk Cargo (SINDGRAN). The entities surveyed appear in the mid-1980s and early 1990s as a product of the resistance of the truckers before the growth of transport companies in road transport and its tendency to monopolize the distribution of loads. This context was understood throughout the world of technological and organizational changes engendered in the work process in the 1970s and the implementation of neo-liberalism, a process which later merged in Brazil in different ways, but not antagonistically Fordism/Taylorism and Toyotism. However, given the particularity of the work of the truckers, a condition that refers to the insertion of these subjects in the process of capitalist Brazilian production, it is important to show the precarious conditions in this industry: what kind of outsourcing, such as technological and organizational innovations were appropriate and what objective and subjective implications were imposed to the category of workers concerned. This process, fraught with contradictions, requires advances and limits in the forms of economic and political organization of the truckers while it is also shaped by the pressure that these guys men perform. From this point, we would like to remind the peculiarities of class and class consciousness in this category.

Orientador: Giovanni Antônio Pinto Alves / Banca: Antônio Carlos Mazzeo / Banca: Mauro Luís Iasi / Resumo: Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as condições objetivas e subjetivas da dinâmica associativa presente na organização do trabalho dos caminhoneiros no Porto de Santos a partir de um estudo de caso realizado na Associação Comercial de Transportadores Autônomos (ACTA) e no Sindicato dos Transportadores Rodoviários Autônomos de Cargas a Granel (SINDGRAN). As entidades pesquisadas surgem em meados da década de 1980 e início dos anos 1990 como produto da resistência dos caminhoneiros diante do crescimento das empresas de transporte no transporte rodoviário e de sua tendência à monopolização da distribuição de cargas. Esse contexto foi compreendido mundialmente no conjunto das mudanças tecnológicas e organizacionais engendradas no processo de trabalho na década de 1970 e da implantação do neoliberalismo, processo que no Brasil tardiamente mesclou formas diferentes, mas não antagônicas do fordismo/taylorismo e toyotismo. Entretanto, dado a particularidade do trabalho do caminhoneiro, condição que remete a inserção desses sujeitos no processo de produção capitalista brasileiro, coube apontar como se manifestou a precarização nesse setor: que tipo de terceirização, como as inovações tecnológicas e organizacionais foram apropriadas e que implicações objetivas e subjetivas impuseram à categoria de trabalhadores em questão. Tal processo, carregado de contradições, impõe avanços e limites nas formas de organização econômica e política dos caminhoneiros, ao mesmo tempo em que é moldado pela pressão que esses sujeitos exercem. Assim, buscamos apontar como breves indicações as manifestações da questão da classe e da consciência de classe nessa categoria. / Abstract: This study aims to analyze the objective and subjective conditions of associative dynamics present in the organization of the work of truckers at the Port of Santos from a case study conducted at the Commercial Association of Autonomous Transporters (ACTA) and the Union of Road Transporters Autonomous Bulk Cargo (SINDGRAN). The entities surveyed appear in the mid-1980s and early 1990s as a product of the resistance of the truckers before the growth of transport companies in road transport and its tendency to monopolize the distribution of loads. This context was understood throughout the world of technological and organizational changes engendered in the work process in the 1970s and the implementation of neo-liberalism, a process which later merged in Brazil in different ways, but not antagonistically Fordism/Taylorism and Toyotism. However, given the particularity of the work of the truckers, a condition that refers to the insertion of these subjects in the process of capitalist Brazilian production, it is important to show the precarious conditions in this industry: what kind of outsourcing, such as technological and organizational innovations were appropriate and what objective and subjective implications were imposed to the category of workers concerned. This process, fraught with contradictions, requires advances and limits in the forms of economic and political organization of the truckers while it is also shaped by the pressure that these guys men perform. From this point, we would like to remind the peculiarities of class and class consciousness in this category. / Mestre

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the German Act on the Regulation of a Minimum Wage, which affects Czech hauliers operating in Germany. First of all, macroeconomic and microeconomic issues in the field of road transport and of course the specifics of German Act (MILOG) are described. Secondly, the main effects of the law on business are analysed in case of the Czech haulier ¨Dítě Spedition s.r.o.¨ In the following, an increase in operating costs of the company according to the MILOG is calculated. Moreover, there is a prediction of potential scenarios in case of confirmation of legality of MILOG applying to the international road freight transport. In conclusion, the main arguments why the act is contrary to the basic principles of the single European market are explained.

The road freight transport industry is facing radical changes that have the potential to fundamentally change the industry and pressure actors to embrace sustainability throughout their operations and implement technology in the broadest sense. The road transport industry is permeated by the use of fossil fuels and accounts for a significant part of the total CO2 emissions in the world. The entire industry is facing a fossil-free transition to reach the global environmental initiatives that countries have undertaken. At the same time as the industry is phasing out fossil fuels and using more sustainable fuels, the literature has a coherent view that transported goods are expected to increase significantly, and the imprint of the COVID-19 pandemic is increasingly affecting the industry with shortages of drivers and more vulnerable supply chains. This study has aimed to identify changes that affect the road freight transport industry in the short term (0-5 years) and the long term (5-20 years) with a focus on Europe. Furthermore, the study has applied the results of the study to a framework of future scenarios that previous research has contributed with, in collaboration with over 50 industry experts from the transport industry, to evaluate the impact of the changes concerning the expected futures that the research has resulted in. The study has applied literature search, a document study, and interviews with actors from the industry to collect relevant data and has resulted in most of the identified changes that the road transport industry is expected to be affected by in the short and long term.  The changes have been divided into three levels: ecosystem, business, and technology. The macro factors that affect the industry are increased regionalization and urbanization, increased customer requirements and consumption, and extensive introduction of laws and regulations concerning environmental impact and technology. Furthermore, the business changes are increased operational costs, the establishment of partnerships and alliances, circularity, and lack of staff. The technical factors consist of AI, IoT, and new more sustainable fuels. The primary effects include increased local production of goods that contribute to shorter transport distances but more transport, fossil-free transport with mainly electricity and hydrogen as fuel and thus new establishments of electricity and hydrogen infrastructure, many global initiatives to achieve sustainability, extensive application of technologies to streamline supply chains as well as more comprehensive rules and requirements regarding new unexplored technologies. Furthermore, future scenarios have been applied to evaluate the possible impact on the industry, which is visualized in figure 14. Suggestions for further research in the field are changes in the industry that take place but which this work has not addressed as it is not perceived as having significant effects on the road transport industry, such as increased deliveries of fresh goods, 3D printing, multimodal transport, and an older population and thus increased shipments of medical devices. / Vägtransportbranschen står inför radikala förändringar med potential att förändra industrin fundamentalt och pressar aktörerna till att anamma hållbarhet genomgående i sina operationer och implementera teknologi i vid bemärkelse. Vägtransportbranschen genomsyras av användning av fossila bränslen och står för en väsentlig del av de totala CO2 utsläppen i världen. Hela industrin står inför en fossilfri omställning för att nå upp till de globala initiativen som länder åtagit sig att genomföra i ett försök att bromsa den negativa klimatpåverkan som utsläpp leder till. Samtidigt som branschen ska fasa ut fossila bränslen och använda hållbarare drivmedel påstår litteraturen att transporterat gods ökar markant och COVID-19 pandemins avtryck påverkar i allt större utsträckning med brist på chaufförer och sårbarare försörjningskedjor. Denna studie har syftat till att identifiera förändringar som påverkar vägtransportindustrin på kort sikt (0–5 år) samt på lång sikt (5–20 år) med fokus på Europa. Vidare har studien tillämpat resultaten på ett ramverk av framtida scenarion som tidigare forskning bidragit med i samarbete med över 50 industriexperter för att utvärdera förändringarnas påverkan med avseende på de möjliga framtiderna som forskningen resulterat i. Studien har tillämpat litteratursökning, dokumentstudie samt intervjuer med aktörer från vägtransportindustrin i syfte att samla relevant data och har resulterat i flertalet identifierade förändringar som vägtransportbranschen förväntas påverkas av på kort och lång sikt.  Förändringarna har uppdelats i tre nivåer; ekosystemets, affärsmässiga samt tekniska. De makrofaktorer som påverkar industrin är ökad regionalisering och urbanisering, ökade kundkrav och konsumtion samt införande av lagar och regler. Vidare är de affärsmässiga förändringarna etableringar av partnerskap och allianser, cirkularitet och brist på personal. De tekniska faktorerna består av AI, IoT och nya hållbarare drivmedel. De primära effekterna innefattar ökad lokal tillverkning av varor som bidrar till kortare transportsträckor men fler transporter, fossilfria transporter med främst elektricitet och vätgas som drivmedel och därmed nyetableringar av el- och vätgasinfrastruktur, många globala initiativ för att uppnå hållbarhet, omfattande tillämpning av teknologier för att effektivisera försörjningskedjorna samt mer omfattande regler och krav gällande nya outforskade teknologier. Vidare så har framtida scenarios tillämpats för att utvärdera möjlig påverkan på industrin, detta är visualiserat i figur 14. Förslag på fortsatt forskning inom området är förändringar i industrin som sker men som detta arbete inte behandlat då det inte uppfattats som att de ger väsentliga effekter på vägtransportbranschen, exempelvis ökade leveranser av färska varor, 3D-printing, multimodala transporter samt en äldre befolkning och därmed ökade transporter av medicinska hjälpmedel.