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Thirty-two roadside sites throughout seven counties in Southwestern Virginia were investigated with respect to life form, dispersal type and floristics. A floristic checklist of 247 species, 182 genera and 57 families was compiled. Dispersal mechanism and life form were determined for each species. A statistical analysis was performed (ANOVA and MANOVA) to determine the relationships among life form, dispersal type, and environmental factors (roadtype, elevation, exposure, slope and surrounding vegetation). Frequencies of life form and dispersal type were determined within and among sites. These frequencies were used to establish spectra and zonal distributions of life form and dispersal type. Natural histories, geographic spread and specific modes of dispersal are discussed in the floristic checklist. Family presence among roadtypes and species presence among sites is examined. Dispersal type variation was found for the environmental factors of roadtype, surrounding vegetation, and exposure. Roadtype was the most influential factor. The dispersal types most subject to variation were the wind (pogonchores and pterochores) and animal dispersed (sarcochore and desmochore) groups. Distribution of dispersal types within the site reveals: 1. Animal dispersal becomes more important when the distance from the road margin is increased; 2. Diaspores that spread by contamination are more frequent near the road margin; 3. Wind dispersed species are less frequent near the road margin. The life form spectrum of roadsides has a greater percentage of therophyte and lesser percentage of phanerophytes than present in the surrounding vegetation. The spectrum shows infrequent variation (statistically significant) due to the environmental factors considered. Life form frequencies within sites show annuals dominating near the road margin with phanerophytes and chamaephytes becoming more frequent and hemicryptophytes becoming dominant as distance from the road margin increases. / Ph. D.

No / The roadside vegetation in some counties of north England (north and west Yorkshire) was studied to determine the community structure according to the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC) and main environmental factors influencing its composition. The data from Phytosociological survey (699 quadrats) and from the physico-chemical analyses of 233 soil samples from 35 sites were obtained. Both the classification (TWINSPAN & MATCH) and ordination programs (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used. The roadside vegetation is mainly dominated by few grasses (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis, Elymus repens, Holcus lanatus) and their associated herbs (Cirsium arvense, Heracleum sphondylium, Urtica dioica). Five NVC Mesotrophic grassland communities (Arrhenatheretum elatioris community MG1, Lolium perenne-Cynosurus cristatus grassland MG6, Lolium perenne leys MG7, Holcus lanatus-Deschampsia cespitosa grassland MG9, Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland MG11) and one Upland Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland, U4 were identified which in general, exhibited good fit with the typical NVC units.

The thesis analyzes the origins and the formative period of Virginia’s historical marker program. It shows that historical markers were critical to the success of Harry Flood Byrd’s administration and his Commission on Conservation and Development. The thesis also examines how Virginia’s marker program set the standard for roadside commemoration across the entire United States. Lastly, the work appraises the influence of Dr. Hamilton James Eckenrode, his pioneering methods of historical commemoration, and his central role in the success of Virginia’s marker program.

Wan Chi Ying, Jenny. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report." / Includes bibliographical references.

Leung Kwok Yee Kelvin. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1996-97, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Chapter Chapter 2: --- My Vision / Chapter Part A: --- Urban Vision / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Site/context analysis / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Client Scenario / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Final Design- / Chapter I. --- The Spine(軸) / Chapter Part B: --- Selected Site Development / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Site/context analysis / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Client Scenario / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Problem / Identification / Chapter Chapter 9: --- Final Design- / Chapter II. --- The Node(点） / Chapter III. --- Open Space(公共空間) / Chapter IV. --- Tower(廈) / Chapter Chapter 10: --- Conclusion / Chapter Chapter 11: --- Process

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Subject of this master thesis deals with the concept of the machine for a roadside compacting. After analysing of current market situation the aim of this work is not only to replace the vibration plate by new machine with a cab and vibration rollers but also mainly the design of the machine. The reason is easier work and it fulfils all constructional and ergonomic requirements and puts emphasis on aesthetic. So it fills a gap in the market.

Roadside vegetation provides numerous environmental and psychological benefits to drivers. Previous studies have shown that natural landscapes can effectively lower crash rates and cause less stress and frustration to the driver. However, run-off-the-road crashes resulting in a collision with a tree are twice as likely to result in a fatality, thus reinforcing the need to examine the placement of vegetation within the clear zone. This study explores the relationship between the size of the clear zone and the presence of roadside vegetation on selected driver attributes, including both driver speed and lateral positioning. To evaluate the effect on the driver speed selection process, a static evaluation was employed. Completed by more than 100 drivers, the static evaluation was utilized to gather speed selections on both real and virtual roads containing four combinations of clear zone size and roadside vegetation density. Additionally, field data was collected to validate the findings of the static evaluation and to determine the extent to which roadside vegetation impacts driving attributes. When presented with a large clear zone, drivers positioned the vehicle further from the edge of the road as the vegetation density increased. Furthermore, the speeds observed in the field correlated with the speeds that participants selected when watching a video of the same road. Finally, the UMassSafe Traffic Safety Data Warehouse was utilized to link crash and roadway data, allowing for an in-depth analysis of run-off-the-road (ROR) crash severity. The results of this study further demonstrate the nature of the relationship between clear zone design and driver behavior.

Soil and vegetation was collected along four highways of different traffic volumes, at varying distances from the road, and at two control areas. Four sampling periods were conducted throughout the course of a year from August, 1976 to June, 1977. Soil and vegetation samples were tested for concentrations of lead, cadmium, nickel, and zinc. There were general declines in the concentrations of lead, cadmium, nickel, and zinc as proximity to the highway decreased. These declines were significant (P < 0.05) along the highways of greater traffic density. Lead and zinc levels in roadside soil and vegetation exhibited a general decrease with decreasing traffic density. There was not a strong relationship between the levels of cadmium and nickel in soil and vegetation and traffic volume. There was a seasonal pattern to the levels of lead, nickel, and zinc in roadside vegetation, with plants from Period 3 (Feb/Mar) exhibiting the highest levels. / Master of Science