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In society, individuals tend to be socialized into roles that take on characteristics of masculine and feminine. Studies exist on the role strain experienced by heterosexual couples dealing with a life-threatening illness due to this characterization. The scholarly literature lacks studies on the understanding of roles, as well as possible role strain, in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) couples when dealing a life-threatening illness. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the role strain experiences of LGBTQ couples who are living with cancer diagnoses of a partner. Biddle's role strain theory provided the conceptual framework for this study. The study included interviewing five LGBTQ couples with a partner having a first-time diagnosis of Stage II or III cancer. Face-to-face, individual, semistructured interviews were used to collect the data, and an open coding method to analyze the data. The themes identified were the significance of fluid roles prior to cancer diagnoses, adjustment to role change, relationship since cancer diagnoses, chosen or determined roles, and society's views of roles. Finding were LGBQT couples roles were chosen or determined based on the task they enjoy or like to do instead of stereotypical view of masculine and feminine. LGBTQ couples did not report experiencing role strain related to assuming additional roles due to their partners' illness. Positive implications for social change resulted from the ability to inform healthcare providers how LGBTQ couples manage when supporting a partner diagnosed with Stage II or Stage III cancer.

abstract: While opera often portrays young heroes and heroines in love, only recently have children taken center stage as principal characters in opera. This paper outlines the evolution of child characters in the standard opera repertoire, beginning with the famous trouser roles of Cherubino from Le nozze di Figaro, Siébel from Faust, Stéphano from Roméo et Juliette, Octavian from Der Rosenkavalier, and Hänsel from Hänsel und Gretel, and ending with principal child roles written for boys (Amahl from Amahl and the Night Visitors and Miles from The Turn of the Screw). Examination of the history of childhood and the casting of children in opera reveals that the two are closely related; as children gained more legislative protection against child abuse and labor, children also appeared more frequently in opera. The evolution of children in opera culminates in the mid-twentieth century, when children perform principal roles in operas like Amahl and the Night Visitors (1951) and The Turn of the Screw (1954). The study of trouser roles and roles for children in opera also reveals the heteronormativity and misogyny that is deeply engrained in the art form. While trouser roles might have reached popularity because of the vocal aesthetic created earlier by castrati, it is possible that heterosexual composers, librettists and audience members may have wanted to objectify the women playing those roles. Although trouser roles may have also been conceived as a way to create vocal or comedic variety, the strength of these roles has been their openness to multiple interpretations. The primary advancements for children in opera are entwined with this ambiguous history of trouser roles, as this paper will show. These milestones only seem to occur for boys instead of girls; for the most part, if a girl character appears in opera, she is portrayed by an adult woman. This paper will also discuss heteronormativity and misogyny in opera while following the evolution of child roles and child actors in the art form. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2017

The extent of hydrogen bonding in ethanethiol is determined using a correlation between the chemical shift of the sulphydryl proton and the stretching frequencies of the component bands of the vS-H infrared band The component bands having stretching frequencies at 2585 cm-1 and 2570 cm-1 for non hydrogen bonded and mono-hydrogen bonded thiol groups respectively. It is calculated that the pure liquid at 22°C. contains ca. 49% free SH bonds. A dimerisation constant of 0.038 dm3 mol-1 is estimated at 22°C. 2-Hydroxyethanethiol is used to investigate the strength of hydrogen bonding to the thiol group in aqueous solutions. The results of the IR and NIR studies are consistent with the formation of hydrogen bonds of S-H O type between thiol and water molecules. Salt and solvent effects upon the phosphate and thiophosphate groups of Sodium Dimethyphosphate (NaDMP) and Sodium Dimethylthiophosphate (NaDMSP) are investigated. Infrared spectra in the and v3P-O of DMP and DMSP suggest that the order of strength of binding of metal ion to phosphate/thiophosphate group is Na+ < Mg2+ < Ca2f. The results indicate that solvent-separated ion pairs dominate in aqueous solutions, whereas, mono- and bi-dentate contact ion pairs are favoured in DMSO and methanol solutions. The thiophosphate group is solvated by methanol and water, primarily at the oxygen site. No evidence was found to support hydrogen bond formation to the anionic sulphur site. Infrared spectra were also consistent with Mg2+ and Ca2+ interacting with the Oxygen atom, but not the Sulphur atom. DNA hydration is investigated using high field NMR spectrometry. Frozen aqueous DNA solutions were found to have a broad NMR signal due to hydration water. From this signal it is estimated that, at -12°C., the DNA samples are hydrated by ca. 25 water molecules per base pair of DNA.

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