Introduction: Effusion cytology can be performed for the purpose of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of malignant disease. A common analysis of effusion cytology samples is the May Grunwald Giemsa stain.    Aim: The aim of the study was to compare May Grunwald Giemsa stain and May Grunwald Giemsa Quick Stain in order to determine the best quality stain and suggest ways to improve the current staining protocol.     Materials and Methods: The methods used in this study are the routine laboratory’s standard procedures for  May-Grunwald Giemsa stain and May-Grunwald Giemsa Quick Stain but with adapted washing steps that investigates the effect of tap water, distilled water, and phosphate buffer on stain quality. Two pleural effusion samples were stained in the initial experiment and two pleural effusions and one ascites sample in the second experiment.    Results and Conclusion: All samples gave a greater score when stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa Quick Stain compared to traditional May-Grunwald Giemsa stain. For the traditional May-Grunwald Giemsa, the use of any of the three phosphate buffers scores higher than the routine washing where tap water is used. In conclusion, it would be of benefit to further investigate and implement phosphate buffer in traditional staining or proceed with the May-Grunwald Quick Stain for all pleural and ascites effusions.

VALIDERING AV MAY-GRÜNWALD GIEMSA VID FÄRGNING AV CYTOLOGIPROVEROPTIMERING AV IN VITRO-DIAGNOSTIK, MED ANLEDNING AV NYA EU-KRAVKARIN SVANTESSONSvantesson, K. Validering av May-Grünewald Giemsa vid färgning av cytologiprover. Optimering av in vitro-diagnostik, med anledning av nya EU-krav. Examensarbete i biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap, 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö Universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för Biomedicinsk vetenskap, 2023.Cancer uppstår vid onormal celldelning, men uppkommer även vid kronisk inflammation. För att kunna konstatera om patienten har cancer krävs olika typer av diagnostik, där cytologidiagnostik ingår. Med hjälp av olika färglösningar kan cancerceller i serösa vätskor färgas för att upptäckas, således kan den cancerdrabbade patienten behandlas. May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) ingår i Romanowsky-färgningsteknikerna och har använts sedan 1800-talet.Färglösningen ger en högkvalitativ visualisering av cellernas morfologi. Färgen används inom histologi-, hematologi- och cytologidiagnostiken. Laboratorier som arbetar med in vitro-diagnostik (IVD) måste arbeta med märkta produkter som är reglerade för IVD. År 2017 fastställdes att inom fem år skall alla laboratorier i Europeiska unionen (EU) som utför IVD, arbeta med in vitro-diagnostik reglerade (IVDR) produkter för att uppnå EU-direktiven. Syftet med studien var att optimera en ny färgblandning av MGG vid färgning av cytologiprover, så att IVDR-kraven uppfylls på Patologen i Skövde. Studien omfattade flera försök för att fastställa vilket av färgprotokollen som gav bästa kvalité på cellerna i cytologiska preparat. Under studiens gång har det även visats att olika faktorer, exempelvis färskheten av provet kan påverka infärgningens kvalité av preparatet. Gammalt eller felhanterat provmaterial kan leda till försämrad infärgning av cellerna. Resultat från studien visade att färgprotokollet Histo Lab (HL) gav goda resultat efter en modifiering av sammansättningen och tiden vid infärgning. / VALIDATION OF MAY-GRÜNWALD GIEMSA IN THE STAINING OF CYTOLOGY SAMPLESOPTIMIZATION OF IN VITRO-DIAGNOSTICS, DUE TO NEW EU REQUIREMENTSKARIN SVANTESSONSvantesson, K. Validation of May-Grünwald Giemsa in the staining of cytology samples. Optimization of in vitro-diagnostics, due to new EU requirements. Degree project in biomedical laboratory science, 15 higher education credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2023.Cancer is caused by abnormal cell division, but also occurs by chronic inflammation. In order to determine whether the patient has cancer, different types of diagnostics are required, where cytology diagnostics are included. With thehelp of different dye solutions, cancer cells in serous fluids can be stained and detected, allowing for diagnosis and treatment. May-Grünwald Giemsa (MGG) is part of the Romanowsky staining techniques and has been used since the 19th century. The dye solution provides a high-quality visualization of the cells' morphology and is used in histology-, hematology- and cytology diagnostics.Laboratories that work with in-vitro diagnostics (IVD) must use products that are in vitro-diagnostics regulated (IVDR). In 2017 it was determined that within five years all laboratories in the European Union (EU) performing IVD must work with IVDR labeled products to achieve EU directives. The aim of the study was to optimize a new dye stain of MGG for cytology samples, so that the IVDR requirements are achieved at the pathology laboratory in Skövde. The study included several attempts to determine which of the staining protocols produced the best quality of the cells in cytology preparations. During the study, it has also been shown that various factors can negatively affect the results. If sample material is too old or mishandled, it can lead to poor staining of the cells. Results from the study showed that the Histo Lab (HL) staining protocol gave goodresults after modification of the composition and time of staining.