Weed control is essential in managing high quality turfgrasses. Some preemergent (PRE) herbicides may pose a negative effect on rooting architecture (total length, surface area, diameter, and mass) of desirable species. Several PRE herbicides work by negatively affecting normal cell division and development. Evaluations were performed to determine the effects of four PRE herbicides (dithiopyr, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, and quinclorac) on hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. X C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) (BG) root architecture. Herbicide treatments were applied to field grown dormant BG in Mid-March of 2008 and 2009. A decrease in root length, and in surface area, was observed at 8 WAT by pendimethalin (55% of control). Twelve WAT the greatest decrease occurred in dithiopyr (40%) and pendimethalin (20%). Sixteen WAT, the greatest decrease was observed by dithiopyr (50%). The results indicate that the PRE’s tested can have a negative influence on BG root parameters and possibly water use efficiency.

Three types of oak planting stock were evaluated to determine their influence on survival and initial growth. Planting stocks utilized include conventional containerized seedlings with a 240 cm3 container, 1-0, bare-root seedlings, and Root Production Method (RPM™) seedlings with a 11.4 L container. Initially after outplanting and at the conclusion of the first and second growing seasons, height, groundline diameter (GLD), and survival were assessed. Study sites are located in southern Mississippi on lands disturbed by Hurricane Katrina. Species planted were swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.) and Nuttall oak (Q. texana Palmer). A total of 3,600 seedlings were planted in this study: 300 seedlings for each of the six planting stock/species combinations per site. Statistical comparisons of growth and survival among species and planting stock types were performed. RPM™ and bare-root planting stocks exhibited similar growth and survival, while the conventional container stock had significantly lower growth and survival.

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We studied root kinematics in relation to temperature and genome size variation in teosinte (Zea mays subspecies parviglumis) and corn (Zea mays subspecies mays). Corn had significantly faster radicle growth than teosinte when grown at a constant temperature. Both species exhibited variation in seed size and for each species larger seeds had faster root growth. Genome size was not significantly correlated with faster radicle growth rates across multiple land races of corn. To examine temperature dependent growth in corn and teosinte, a germinated seedling was grown at multiple temperatures. Growth rates at these temperatures were used to fit a temperature response model for each species. Parameters of this model (maximum growth temperature and optimum growth temperature) were not significantly different between the species.

Purpose The aim of the present retrospective clinical study was to investigate the factors that could be associated with the occurrence of vertical root fractures regarding tooth-supported single crowns (VRF). Materials and methods This dental record-based retrospective study included patients treated with tooth-supported single crowns during from October 2008 to December 2010 at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden. All patients rehabilitated with one or more tooth-supported single prosthetic crowns during the aforementioned period were included. The patients needed to have at least 6 months of follow-up and an available digital periapical radiograph taken within 12 months after delivery of the prosthesis (crown cementation). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the associations between 14 clinical covariates and VRF. Results Only 96 single-crowns in 72 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The location of teeth, in the mandible in relation to teeth in the maxilla, related to their posterior position in the jaws, was identified in the Cox regression model as being associated with VRF. Conclusion Tooth-supported single crowns located in the mandible, directly related to the fact that they were located posteriorly, was the factor associated with the occurrence of VRF. However, it is not possible to draw robust conclusions about the results of the present study, due to the small sample size of the present cohort, which was a consequence of many difficulties that arouse during the conduction of the study. More available data would be needed in order to answer important questions about external validity of the present results. / Syfte Syftet med den aktuella retrospektiva kliniska studien var att undersöka de faktorer som kan associeras med uppkomsten av vertikala rotfrakturer (VRF) avseende tandstödda singelkronor.Material och metod Denna retrospektiva studie baserades på tandvårdsjournaler och inkluderade patienter som behandlats med tandstödda singelkronor under perioden från oktober 2008 till december 2010 vid Odontologiska fakulteten, Malmö Universitet, Sverige. Alla patienter som behandlades med en eller flera tandstödda protetiska singelkronor under den tidigare nämnda perioden inkluderades. Patienterna behövde ha minst 6 månaders uppföljning och en tillgänglig digital periapikal röntgenbild tagen inom 12 månader efter utlämning av den protetiska ersättningen (kroncementering). Univariata och multivariata Cox-regressionsmodeller användes för att utvärdera sambanden mellan 14 kliniska kovariater och VRF.Resultat Endast 96 singelkronor hos totalt 72 patienter uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna. Förhållandet som identifierades i Cox-regressionsmodellen är att placeringen av tänder i underkäken i förhållande till tänder i överkäken är associerad med VRF, där relationen kunde relateras till den posteriora regionen i underkäken. Slutsats Tanstödda singelkronor installerade i den posteriora regionen i mandibeln, är faktorn som är förknippad med förekomsten av VRF. Det är dock inte möjligt att dra drastiska slutsatser om resultaten av den föreliggande studien på grund av den lilla urvalsstorleken för den nuvarande kohorten, vilket var till följd av många svårigheter som uppstod under genomförandet av studien. Mer tillgängliga data skulle behövas för att besvara viktiga frågor om extern validitet av de nuvarande resultaten.

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