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Advanced control of a rotary dryerYliniemi, L. (Leena) 01 June 1999 (has links)
Abstract
Drying, especially rotary drying, is without doubt one of
the oldest and most common unit operations in the process industries.
Rotary dryers are workhorses which are easy and reliable to operate,
but neither energy-efficient nor environmentally friendly. In order
to conform better to the requirements of modern society concerning
working conditions, safety practices and environmental aspects,
the development of control systems can provide opportunities for
improving dryer operation and efficiency.
Our in depth understanding of rotary drying is poor, because
it is a very complex process that includes the movement of solids
in addition to thermal drying. Thus even today rotary dryers are
controlled partly manually, based on the operator's "eye" and
experience, and partly relying on conventional control methods.
The control of a rotary dryer is difficult due to the long time
delay, which means that accidental variations in the input variables
can disturb the process for long periods of time before they are
reflected in the output variables. To eliminate such disturbances
at an early stage, increasing interest has been shown in more sophisticated
control systems such as model-based constructs, fuzzy logic and
neural nets in recent years. Although it has proved difficult and
time-consuming to develop model-based control systems, due to the
complexity of the process, intelligent control methods based on
fuzzy logic and neural nets offer attractive solutions for improving
dryer control. These methods make it possible to utilize experience,
knowledge and historical data, large amounts of which are readily
available.
The aim of this research was to improve dryer control by developing
new hybrid control systems, one consisting of a fuzzy logic controller
(FLC) and PI controller and the other of a three-layer neural network
(NN) and PI controller. The FLC and NN act as supervisory controllers
giving set points for the PI controllers. The performance of each
was examined both with simulations and in pilot plant experiments.
The pilot plant dryer at the University of Oulu closely resembles
a real industrial situation, so that the results are relevant.
Evaluation of these results showed that the intelligent hybrid controllers
are well suited for the control of a rotary dryer, giving a performance
in which disturbances can be eliminated rapidly and operation of
the dryer can thereby be improved, with the aim of enhancing its
efficiency and environmental friendliness.
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Concep??o de um secador rotat?rio para secagem do cefalot?rax do camar?oHonorato, Gerlane Carla 27 November 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The present work has as objective the knowledge of the process of drying of the cephalothorax of shrimp to give support the industry to make possible the use of this byproduct. In this sense, the process conditions in this tray dryer and spouted bed were analyzed. With these results, it was projected and constructs a dryer with specific characteristics for the drying of the cephalothorax. The desorption isotherms were obtained by the dynamic method in the temperatures of 20, 35 and 50? C and in the interval of 10-90% of relative humidity. It was observed that the product in form of powder can be conserved with larger stability for lower relative humidity to 40%. The curves of drying of the dryer of fixed bed were adjusted for the models: single exponential, biparametric exponential and Page. The model biparametric exponential more adequately described all the drying conditions studied. The tests carry out in spouted bed showed high drying rate for the material in the paste form in beds active dynamicly-fluid, provely the necessity of a feeding in shorter intervals of time to increase the thermal efficiency of the process. The projected dryer, be considered the obtained results, it was a rotary dryer with inert bed, feed co-current, discharge in cyclone to take place the separation gas-solid, and feed carry out in intervals of 2 minutes. The optimization of the equipment projected it was accomplished used the complete factorial experimental design 24, this had as independent variables temperature velocity of the air, feed flow rate and encapsulated concentration (albumin), as variables answers the thermal efficiency, the moisture content of obtained powder, total time of test and the efficiency of production of powder in several points of processing. The results showed that the rotary dryer with inert bed can present, also, good results if applied industrially / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o conhecimento do processo de secagem do cefalot?rax do camar?o de forma a dar respaldo a ind?stria para viabilizar o aproveitamento deste subproduto. Neste sentido, foram analisadas as condi??es de processo em secador de bandeja e leito de jorro. Tomando como base estes resultados, foi projetado e constru?do um secador com caracter?sticas espec?ficas para a secagem do cefalot?rax. As isotermas de dessor??o foram obtidas pelo m?todo din?mico nas temperaturas de 20, 35 e 50? C e na faixa de 10-90% de umidade relativa. Foi observado que o produto em p? pode ser conservado com maior estabilidade para umidade relativa inferior a 40%. As curvas de secagem do secador de leito fixo foram ajustadas pelos modelos: exponencial simples, biparam?trico e de Page. O modelo exponencial biparam?trico descreveu mais adequadamente todas as condi??es de secagem estudadas. Os ensaios realizados no jorro mostraram uma alta taxa de secagem para o material na forma de pasta em leitos fluidodinamicamente ativos, mostrando a necessidade de uma alimenta??o em intervalos de tempo mais curtos para aumentar a efici?ncia t?rmica do processo. O secador projetado, a partir dos resultados obtidos, foi um secador rotat?rio com recheio de inerte, alimenta??o cocorrente, descarga em um ciclone para promover a separa??o g?s-s?lido, e alimenta??o realizada em intervalos de 2 minutos. A otimiza??o do equipamento projetado atrav?s do planejamento fatorial completo 24, teve como vari?veis independentes a temperatura e a velocidade do ar, a vaz?o de alimenta??o e a concentra??o de encapsulante (albumina), e, como vari?veis respostas a efici?ncia t?rmica, a umidade do p? obtido, o tempo total do ensaio e a efici?ncia de produ??o do p? em diversos pontos do processamento. Os resultados mostraram que o secador rotat?rio com recheio de inerte tamb?m pode apresentar bons resultados se aplicado industrialmente
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