This thesis tests the Interclausal Relations Hierarchy (VV: 209) vis-à-vis first hand data on eight complex verbal constructions of Sardinian, namely: 1. Campidanese ai / Logudorese-Nuorese àere a + infinitive, lit. 'to have to' + infinitive (hereafter also inf.), expressing future time reference; 2. Campidanese dèppi(ri) / Logudorese-Nuorese dèppere/dèvere + inf., lit. 'must' + inf., expressing both deontic modality and future time reference; 3. Campidanese fai / Logudorese-Nuorese fàghere a + inf., lit. 'to do to' + inf., in the sense of 'to be possible/allowed to do something'; 4. Campidanese fai / Logudorese-Nuorese fàghere + inf., lit. 'to do to' + inf., meaning 'make someone do'; 5. Campidanese lassai / Logudorese-Nuorese lassare/ (dassare) + inf. meaning 'let someone do'; 6. Campidanese torrai a, (po) / Logudorese-Nuorese torrare a + inf., lit. 'to return to', meaning both 'go back to + inf.' and 'do something again‟; 7. Campidanese andai / Logudorese-Nuorese andare a + inf., meaning 'to go to'; 8. Campidanese (am)megai / Logudorese-Nuorese (am)megai de/a + inf., lit. originally meaning perhaps 'pretend' or 'threaten' or 'have an aim', but nowadays meaning 'to be doing', 'to have the intention to'. The hierarchy ranks complex verbal constructions from the most cohesive to the least cohesive, both syntactically and from a semantic point of view. There is a a meaningful prediction of the hierarchy, i.e., the tightest syntactic linkage realizing a particular semantic relation should be tighter than the tightest syntactic linkage realizing looser semantic relations (VVLP: 483). Almost all the constructions respect this prediction, with the exception of megai de + infinitive. In this case it is possible that its syntax crystallised whilst its semantics developed further. In addition, our data display diatopic, i.e., geolinguistic variation. We use Virdis' (1988: 805) phonetic map to analyse our morphosyntactic data. We obtain a number of maps which show that morphosyntactic phenomena are in general more widespread than phonetic isoglosses, that is, they are common to the three main varieties of Sardinian: Campidanese, Logudorese and Nuorese.

La régénération est un mode de développement, qui suite à un stresse physique permet de reformer à l’identique des structures biologiques initialement développer au cours de l’embryogénèse. De plus ce phénomène, plus ou moins important en fonction des organismes, est néanmoins répandu chez les métazoaires, suggérant ainsi une origine monophylogénique. D’où l’hypothèse d’un lien étroit entre la régénération et l’embryogénèse. En me basant sur cette hypothèse j’ai employé comme modèle pendant ma thèse, l’anémone de mer Nematostella vectensis. Ce modèle cnidaire offre effectivement l’opportunité unique de comparer la régénération d’un corps entier, dite extrême, à l’embryogénèse et ainsi étudier leurs liens au niveau moléculaire. Initialement établie entant que modèle d’embryologie permettant d’étudier l’évolution des réseaux de régulation génétique (RRG) orchestrant les moments clé de l’embryogénèse et s’imposer en tant que modèle d’étude de la régénération extrême. Tout d’abord, au cours de ma thèse j’ai participé à caractérisation tissulaire et cellulaire de la régénération de ce model afin d’en établir un répertoire de référence des étapes clés. En employant ce répertoire et le criblage de 80 d’inhibiteur de kinase, j’ai pu identifier plusieurs voies de signalisation régissant différente étape de la régénération, impliquant les MAPKs, JNK et ERK ainsi que plusieurs récepteurs de facteurs de croissances. Notamment ERK a également été décrit dans le processus de gastrulation chez Nematostella, dont j’ai contribué à l’établissement du RRG associé. C’est donc en me basant sur ce RRG et une base de donnée transcriptomic complète de la régénération de ce modèle, que j’ai pu établir le RRG en aval de ERK associé à la régénération. Par cette approche j’ai pu démontrer la relation au niveau moléculaire entre ces processus développementaux et surtout identifier des aspects spécifiques à la régénération. / Regeneration is a developmental process, which allow to regrow missing structures initially develop during embryogenesis, in response to an injury. Although, this ability to regenerate can be more or less dramatic depending on the organism, it is widely spread among metazoan. As such, suggesting a monophyletic origin and a tight link with embryogenesis has also been hypothesized. Based on this hypothesis, I used during my thesis the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a cnidarian model offers the unique opportunity to compare, whole body regeneration and embryogenesis to investigate their molecular links. In fact, Nematostella was established as an embryonic model to investigate evolution of gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying key stages e.g. gastrulation, but recently it has been a rising model to study whole body regeneration. I started to my thesis by carefully characterizing hallmarks of Nematostella regeneration starting from tissular to molecular level, establishing a comprehensive regeneration time line. By taking advantage of this tool, in association to the screening of 80 kinases inhibitors, I have identify several signaling pathways regulating various steps of regeneration in Nematostella, including the MAPK ERK, JNK and growth factor receptors. In parallel I participated to the study of ERK role during Nematostella gastrulation and the underpinning (GRN). Which offered a solid groundwork for the comparison with regeneration at the GRN level. Combining a candidate approach based on the embryonic GRN and a global transcriptomic analysis of regeneration, I have been able to bring evidence on the relationship between embryogenesis and regeneration and additionally to identify regeneration specific aspects.

Yes / This chapter encapsulates the multi-disciplinary nature that facilitates NLP in AI and reports on a linguistically orientated conversational software agent (CSA) (Panesar 2017) framework sensitive to natural language processing (NLP), language in the agent environment. We present a novel computational approach of using the functional linguistic theory of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) as the linguistic engine. Viewing language as action, utterances change the state of the world, and hence speakers and hearer’s mental state change as a result of these utterances. The plan-based method of discourse management (DM) using the BDI model architecture is deployed, to support a greater complexity of conversation. This CSA investigates the integration, intersection and interface of the language, knowledge, speech act constructions (SAC) as a grammatical object, and the sub-model of BDI and DM for NLP. We present an investigation into the intersection and interface between our linguistic and knowledge (belief base) models for both dialogue management and planning. The architecture has three-phase models: (1) a linguistic model based on RRG; (2) Agent Cognitive Model (ACM) with (a) knowledge representation model employing conceptual graphs (CGs) serialised to Resource Description Framework (RDF); (b) a planning model underpinned by BDI concepts and intentionality and rational interaction; and (3) a dialogue model employing common ground. Use of RRG as a linguistic engine for the CSA was successful. We identify the complexity of the semantic gap of internal representations with details of a conceptual bridging solution.

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