The aim of this study is focused on the experimental investigation of dynamic wear behavior of carbon black filled rubber compounds comprising pristine styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) together with incorporated SBR ground rubber (rubber powder). We also analyzed and described quantitatively the service conditions of some dynamically loaded rubber products, which are liable to wear (e.g. conveyor belts, tires). Beside the well-known standard test method to characterize wear resistance at steady-state conditions, we used an own developed testing equipment based on gravimetric determination of mass loss of rubber test specimen to investigate the influence of rubber powder content on dynamic wear depending on varying impact energy levels. Incorporation of SBR rubber powder in SBR rubber compounds increases wear. With increasing rubber powder content the wear at steady-state conditions progressively increases. However, the level of wear at dynamic loading conditions increases only once, but stays constant subsequently even with contents of incorporated rubber powder.

More than one billion vehicle tires reach the end of their useful service life annually. Less than a quarter of rubber waste is reused or recycled in some way. Interest has grown in working to discover means by which to incorporate rubber tire waste into construction materials. This study sought to delve into the use of micronized rubber powder (MRP) as an acoustic agent within particleboard and concrete. In addition, work was conducted to characterize the effect that MRP has on the strength and flexural properties of concrete. Furthermore, research sought to provide insight into how pine biomass, a forest products industry waste, would interact with MRP in concrete as it relates to strength and acoustic properties. As expected, particleboard that contained MRP resulted in lower strength but higher flexibility. Acoustic testing revealed that there was minimal sound absorption improvement at some frequencies and less absorption at low and high frequencies. Sound transmission loss was slightly improved by the addition of MRP to the particleboard. Adding pine biomass and MRP to concrete yielded much lower compressive strength as compared to plain concrete. Visual inspection of the sound absorption coefficient curves over the full range of test frequencies identified limited, if any, advantage for the addition of MRP or biomass. Some ranges of frequencies offered minimal improvement. There appeared to be no appreciable sound absorption advantage to adding MRP, pine biomass, or the combination of the two into concrete mix proportions. Modulus of rigidity was decreased as compared to plain concrete when MRP, pine biomass, or a combination of both were incorporated into the concrete mixture as volume replacement for aggregate. Visual observation revealed that flexural failure for the MRP or pine beams were less sudden and less catastrophic than the plain concrete samples. Modulus of elasticity was decreased as compared to plain concrete when MRP, pine biomass, or a combination of both were incorporated into the concrete mixture as volume replacement for aggregate. The more flexible and ductile concrete produced with MRP and biomass provides a combination of properties that serve to lessen the propagation of cracks throughout the specimen.

Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) and Micronized Rubber Powder (MRP) offer sustainable solutions for soil stabilization, addressing both environmental and engineering challenges. CKD, a byproduct of cement manufacturing, is rich in pozzolanic materials that can enhance clayey soil properties by reducing plasticity and increasing strength. This makes CKD a valuable additive for improving the load-bearing capacity and durability of clayey soils used in construction. MRP, derived from end-of-life tires, contributes to sustainability by recycling waste rubber and adding ductility to treated soils. The incorporation of rubber waste not only helps in reducing the environmental burden of tire disposal but also enhances the flexibility and resilience of the stabilized clayey soil. Utilizing these industrial by-products in soil stabilization not only mitigates waste disposal issues but also promotes the development of resilient and eco-friendly construction materials, making them highly beneficial for sustainable infrastructure projects.The present study investigates the effects of various mix proportions of CKD and MRP on Carbondale soil, a high plastic clay. The soil was stabilized with CKD in proportions of 7%, 14%, and 21%, and MRP in proportions of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of the dry unit weight of clayey soil. Comprehensive laboratory tests were conducted, including particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics using the miniature Proctor, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and resilient modulus (RM). The RM test assessed the soil's elasticity under repeated loading, simulating traffic conditions to evaluate the material's performance in pavement design. These tests aimed to determine the optimal mix proportions that would provide the best combination of strength, stiffness, and durability for use in various geotechnical applications. Results from different tests showed that the addition of MRP significantly altered the properties of the CKD-stabilized soil mix. The miniature Proctor test revealed that the addition of MRP reduced the maximum dry density (MDD) of the mix and slightly increased the optimum moisture content (OMC) of the soil mix, indicating a change in compaction characteristics. From the UCS test, it was observed that while the addition of 2.5% MRP to the CKD soil mix reduced the overall strength, it absorbed considerable amount of strain. Specifically, for soil mixed with 7% CKD, the inclusion of 2.5% MRP absorbed over 60% more strain, despite a 50% reduction in strength. Similarly, the mix with 21% CKD and 2.5% MRP showed a 30% increase in peak strain with a strength reduction of up to 40%. The resilient modulus values indicated that the addition of MRP to the soil mix resulted in strain softening, leading to decreased RM values. The soil mix with 7% CKD and 2.5% MRP showed almost no gain in RM values across all curing periods due to strain softening effects. However, the regression analysis between predicted and experimental RM values showed a positive correlation, with a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.7 to 0.96, indicating a reliable predictive model for RM based on the tested parameters. These findings highlight the trade-offs between strength and stiffness in CKD and MRP-stabilized soils, offering insights for optimizing soil stabilization techniques in sustainable construction practices

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:36:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Martinez Regis.pdf: 4801138 bytes, checksum: 5f81ded531050d67c7062c6e5ce4a899 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-08 / The main objective of this work was study the possibility of using a fillers hybrid consisting of calcium carbonate, and micronized rubber waste obtained from discarded tires after use, dispersed in the matrix of recycled polypropylene. The composites were prepared with different concentrations of loads: 30% of rubber waste + 10% CaCO3 20% waste rubber + 7.5% CaCO3, 10% of waste rubber + 5% CaCO3; only 20% CaCO3, and only 20% of rubber waste. The composites were characterized by rheological tests, by measurements of flow index (ASTM D 1238) and dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), for mechanical tests of tensile strength (ASTM D 638), three point bending (ASTM D 790), Izod impact (ASTM D 256) and Shore D hardness (ASTM D 2240), heat deflection temperature under load (ASTM D 648), Vicat softening point (ASTM D 1525). Were also made images of the fracture surface by MEV (scanning electron microscope). Comparing the results of tensile strength tests, was observed that the use of these different loads, occurred a decrease of the tensile strength until failure. The flow index showed a considerable decrease with addition of loads, both in the composites as in the hybrids. The elastic modulus increased with the addition of calcium carbonate, the material became more rigid. The addition of rubber made the modulus decreased considerably, the material became less rigid. The images obtained by MEV could confirm the poor adhesion between polymer matrix and the particles of CaCO3 and waste rubber. The work showed that with the hybrid composites from different concentrations, occurred significant changes in the composites and hybrids properties. About the cost analysis, the study showed that the use of hybrid loads in recycled polypropylene thermoplastic resin becomes advantageous when the cost difference between the recycled resin, without charge, and the hybrid composites, is considerable. In point of view of environment preserving, the use of recyclable materials as raw for the production of new products, becomes a practical solution to obtain compatibility and harmony between development and environmental quality, in other words, sustainable development. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a possibilidade de utilizar-se um híbrido de cargas, constituído pela carga mineral carbonato de cálcio e por resíduos de borracha micronizada obtidos a partir de pneus descartados após uso, dispersas na matriz de polipropileno reciclado. Os compósitos obtidos foram preparados com diferentes concentrações de cargas: 30% de resíduos de borracha + 10 % de CaCO3; 20% de resíduos de borracha + 7,5% de CaCO3; 10% de resíduos de borracha + 5% de CaCO3; somente 20% de CaCO3, e somente 20% de resíduos de borracha. Os compósitos obtidos foram caracterizados, através de ensaios reológicos, por medidas de índice de fluidez (ASTM D 1238) e análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA); por ensaios mecânicos de resistência a tração (ASTM D 638), flexão em três pontos (ASTM D 790), resistência ao impacto Izod (ASTM D 256) e dureza shore D (ASTM D 2240); por ensaios térmicos como, deflexão térmica ao calor sob carga (ASTM D 648) e ponto de amolecimento vicat (ASTM D 1525). Também foram feitas imagens da superfície de fratura das amostras através do MEV (microscópio eletrônico de varredura). Comparando-se os resultados dos ensaios de resistência a tração das amostras, observou-se que com a utilização dessas diferentes cargas, ocorreu uma diminuição da resistência à tração na ruptura. O índice de fluidez apresentou considerável diminuição em seus índices com o aumento da adição das cargas, tanto nos compósitos quanto nos híbridos. O módulo elástico das amostras carregadas aumentou com a adição de carbonato de cálcio, tornou o material mais rígido, a adição de borracha fez com que o módulo de elasticidade das amostras diminuísse consideravelmente, tornou o material menos rígido. As imagens obtidas através do MEV puderam comprovar a pouca adesão entre a matriz polimérica e as partículas de CaCO3 e de resíduo de borracha. O trabalho mostrou que com a formação de compósitos híbridos a partir das diferentes concentrações das cargas utilizadas, ocorreram alterações significativas nas propriedades dos compósitos e dos híbridos, obtidos. Com relação à análise de custos, o trabalho mostrou que a utilização de cargas híbridas na resina termoplástica de polipropileno reciclado torna-se vantajosa quando a diferença de custos entre a resina reciclada, sem carga, e os compósitos híbridos, seja considerável. Do ponto de vista da conservação do Meio Ambiente, a utilização de materiais recicláveis como matérias-primas, para a produção de novos artefatos, torna-se uma solução prática para obter compatibilidade e harmonia entre desenvolvimento e a qualidade do meio ambiente, ou seja, desenvolvimento sustentável.

The aim of this study is focused on the experimental investigation of dynamic wear behavior of carbon black filled rubber compounds comprising pristine styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) together with incorporated SBR ground rubber (rubber powder). We also analyzed and described quantitatively the service conditions of some dynamically loaded rubber products, which are liable to wear (e.g. conveyor belts, tires). Beside the well-known standard test method to characterize wear resistance at steady-state conditions, we used an own developed testing equipment based on gravimetric determination of mass loss of rubber test specimen to investigate the influence of rubber powder content on dynamic wear depending on varying impact energy levels. Incorporation of SBR rubber powder in SBR rubber compounds increases wear. With increasing rubber powder content the wear at steady-state conditions progressively increases. However, the level of wear at dynamic loading conditions increases only once, but stays constant subsequently even with contents of incorporated rubber powder.