LLH-HOG oat grain (low in ADL and high in EE) was compared to Derby oat, and CDC Dolly barley grain. Twenty-one Suffolk wethers were randomly assigned diets, 100% barley silage or barley silage with 50, 75, or 90% (DM) LLH-HOG oat or CDC Dolly barley. Apparent digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and GE were determined. Linear and quadratic regressions were fitted and apparent digestibility at 100% grain was determined. DM apparent digestibility was estimated at 79.1% for CDC Dolly barley and 74.0% for LLH-HOG oat grain. LLH-HOG oat provided 3550 Kcal per kg DE and CDC Dolly barley provided 3582 Kcal per kg DE. A non-lactating Holstein cow with a rumen fistula was used to determine LLH-HOG oat, Derby oat, and CDC Dolly barley grain degradability. Samples were incubated in the rumen for 48, 36, 24, 12, 08, 04, and 00 hour. The in situ degradability of DM, CP, and NDF were determined. An <i>in vitro</i> study was conducted using a Daisy II Incubator for incubations of 48, 30, and 24 hour. The DM ED of CDC Dolly barley (77.0%) was greater than both oat (68.0 and 68.9%). The NDF ED in LLH-HOG oat (26.6%) was higher than that of Derby oat (24.0%). Nine lactating Holsteins were randomly assigned treatments in a triple replicate three x three Latin square. Treatments were 50:50 forage to concentrate (DM basis) TMR with grain sources of CDC Dolly barley, Derby oat, or LLH-HOG oat. Milk production, dietary consumption data, and apparent digestibility were collected. DMI of the different TMR were similar. Milk yield tended (P=0.09) to be highest in LLH-HOG oat fed cows. FCM, MF, and MP yields were not different. MP concentration was lowest in LLH-HOG oat fed cows. Cows fed LLH-HOG oat, compared to Derby oat, trended (P=0.08) towards requiring less DM to produce 100 kg FCM. The TMR DE and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF were higher in cows fed LLH-HOG or CDC Dolly barley compared to Derby oat. LLH-HOG oat had superior nutritional characteristics for dairy cows compared to conventional oat and was equal to barley.

LLH-HOG oat grain (low in ADL and high in EE) was compared to Derby oat, and CDC Dolly barley grain. Twenty-one Suffolk wethers were randomly assigned diets, 100% barley silage or barley silage with 50, 75, or 90% (DM) LLH-HOG oat or CDC Dolly barley. Apparent digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and GE were determined. Linear and quadratic regressions were fitted and apparent digestibility at 100% grain was determined. DM apparent digestibility was estimated at 79.1% for CDC Dolly barley and 74.0% for LLH-HOG oat grain. LLH-HOG oat provided 3550 Kcal per kg DE and CDC Dolly barley provided 3582 Kcal per kg DE. A non-lactating Holstein cow with a rumen fistula was used to determine LLH-HOG oat, Derby oat, and CDC Dolly barley grain degradability. Samples were incubated in the rumen for 48, 36, 24, 12, 08, 04, and 00 hour. The in situ degradability of DM, CP, and NDF were determined. An <i>in vitro</i> study was conducted using a Daisy II Incubator for incubations of 48, 30, and 24 hour. The DM ED of CDC Dolly barley (77.0%) was greater than both oat (68.0 and 68.9%). The NDF ED in LLH-HOG oat (26.6%) was higher than that of Derby oat (24.0%). Nine lactating Holsteins were randomly assigned treatments in a triple replicate three x three Latin square. Treatments were 50:50 forage to concentrate (DM basis) TMR with grain sources of CDC Dolly barley, Derby oat, or LLH-HOG oat. Milk production, dietary consumption data, and apparent digestibility were collected. DMI of the different TMR were similar. Milk yield tended (P=0.09) to be highest in LLH-HOG oat fed cows. FCM, MF, and MP yields were not different. MP concentration was lowest in LLH-HOG oat fed cows. Cows fed LLH-HOG oat, compared to Derby oat, trended (P=0.08) towards requiring less DM to produce 100 kg FCM. The TMR DE and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF were higher in cows fed LLH-HOG or CDC Dolly barley compared to Derby oat. LLH-HOG oat had superior nutritional characteristics for dairy cows compared to conventional oat and was equal to barley.

Work with sheep indicated that fractionation of whole crop barley (WCB) further than material other than grain (MOG) and grain was of no benefit. Feeding WCB to sheep demonstrated the effectiveness of NaOH (53g/kg DM), aqueous NH₃ and anhydrous NH₃ (both 42g/kg DM) as treatment chemicals for mature (800g DM /kg) WCB, OMD being increased by around 5 percentage units for all three treatments. A laboratory scale trial indicated that aerobic stability of WCB was improved by NH₃ treatment, the optimum level being 30 to 40g /kg DM. In the work which followed WCB of between 350 and 800g DM /kg was treated with anhydrous ammonia at a level of 35g /kg DM and fed to steers of 350 kg liveweight. In cattle of this weight faecal grain loss was significantly correlated with dry matter intake (g /kg^0.75 LW). Ammonia treatment increased intake by 25% while grain loss increased from a mean of 0.177 of ingested grain for diets of 670 and 770g DM /kg to 0.284 after NH₃ treatment. Rate and extent of DM loss from whole grains incubated in the rumen were increased by NH₃ treatment of the WCB. Distribution of anhydrous NH₃ in crops < 600g DM was uneven. The final trial used steers of liveweight 150, 250 and 350 kg to test the hypothesis that smaller cattle digest whole grain more fully than do large cattle. The influence of animal size on starch digestibility coefficient was found to be significant when a multiple regression analysis was performed on the data. However faecal grain loss was still high (digestibility coefficient of starch < 0.85) for all diets and animal categories. Urea effectively preserved WCB of 675g DM /kg, the resulting material being readily consumed. It is concluded that WCB harvesting with subsequent chemical treatment, and feeding to cattle cannot be justified because of the high faecal grain loss which occurs at productive levels of intake, but the possibility does exist for inclusion in complete diets for sheep.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M. S.)--Oklahoma State University, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p.58-63).

Th.--Sci. nat.--Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1978. N°: 256.

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / K C Olson / Our objective was to evaluate the effects of pre- and post-partum bolus injections of a trace mineral solution on beef cow reproductive performance, body weight (BW) change, and body condition score (BCS) change and on performance of suckling calves. Mature beef cows (n = 460; initial BW = 497 ± 89 kg, initial BCS = 5.4 ± 0.74) were stratified by BCS, parity, and predicted calving date and assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) subcutaneous trace mineral (TM) injection containing 15 mg/mL Cu, 5 mg/mL Se, 10 mg/mL Mn, and 60 mg/mL Zn or 2) subcutaneous injection of physiological saline (SA). Injections were administered to cows (1 mL / 90 kg BW) 105 days before the first projected calving date and again 30 days before fixed-time AI. Calves received the same treatment as their dams and were injected (1 mL / 45 kg BW) at birth and again at 71 ± 21 days of age. Cows grazed native pastures for the duration of the study; trace mineral supplements and white salt were available to all cattle ad libitum before and during the study. Ovulation was synchronized using a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol and cows were inseminated 60 to 64 hours after CIDR removal. Cows were exposed to fertile bulls for natural-service breeding 10 days after AI for 35 to 50 days. Conception to AI and final pregnancy rate were assessed 36 days after AI with ultrasound and 120 days after AI via rectal palpation. Change in BW and BCS from initiation of the study to calving and from AI to weaning did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between TM and SA cows. Conversely, TM cows had greater (P = 0.04) BCS increase than SA cows between calving and AI. Calf BW at birth, ADG, and age-adjusted weaning BW did not differ (P ≥ 0.36) between treatments. Proportion of cows with estrus cycles 17 and 8 days before ovulation synchronization was similar (P ≥ 0.51) between treatments. Conception to AI was greater (P = 0.05) for cows receiving TM (60.2%) than for cows receiving SA (51.2%); however, overall pregnancy did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments and averaged 92%. Under the conditions of our study, pre- and post-partum TM injections improved conception to fixed-time AI by beef cows.

No description available.

No description available.