<p> A review ·of the basic purposes for, and research work conducted on, estimates of running costs of motor vehicles is presented. An attempt at using available running cost data at the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (Ontario) to obtain acceptable estimates of running costs is also presented. The purpose of this report was to study, in detail, the purpose and research methods advocated for obtaining running cost estimates with inherent advantages and disadvantages, and includes an attempt at using available data in obtaining such estimates and the problems associated with it. </p> <p> Several of the principal purposes and uses of running cost estimates are addressed. Each purpose is presented and discussed in detail and examples of data obtained to satisfy that purpose are given. In addition, the deficiencies of each data type are identified. Examples of use and application of different data types in obtaining economic assessment for individual organizational and governmental uses are included. </p> <p> A review of literature on running costs for motor vehicles is given. The different data collection and research methods adopted by researchers all over the world are discussed. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each method with respect to variables included, data collection method, level of data aggregation, impact of time-dependence, techniques and results is presented. </p> <p> An investigation of running cost records available at the Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications was conducted. An effort at using such records to obtain reliable estimates of running costs was attempted but no conclusive results were obtained. The limitations of using these records to obtain running costs estimates are indicated. </p> <p> The concluding chapter includes recommendations for future research efforts for both short term and long term consideration. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

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Background: Resistance wheel running (RWR) can promote resistance-like training adaptations in mouse skeletal muscle (SkM), but its endurance-training effects are lesser known. Methods: Voluntary RWR was modulated as an exercise model to increase mouse hind-limb plantar-flexor torque and to promote endurance-training adaptations. Thirty male mice (cohort 1, n= 16; cohort 2, n= 14), were trained on a prototype RWR system that applied resistance relative to body mass (BM). Mice were sequentially, (1) screened for running ability (screening; 3-days); (2) trained with incremental adjustments to wheel loads (pre-training; 8-weeks); (3) grouped into cage-activity only (CA), and constant Low-0%, Med-15%, or High-25% BM resistance conditions (static training; 5-weeks); (4) trained with resistance adjusted in real-time (dynamic training; cohort 1, 7-weeks; cohort 2, 10-weeks); and (5) sacrificed for various assays. Plantar-flexor torque was determined during each training phase. After dynamic training, resistance runners in each cohort were sub-grouped post-hoc by work tertiles. Results: Wheel running distance varied between cohorts (cohort 2 > 1). During dynamic training, wheel running (±added-resistance) improved plantar flexor torque normalized to BM by 19% only in cohort 2 (p= 0.007). Muscle mass and cross-sectional area were unchanged. Runners in both cohorts (±added-resistance) improved maximal running capacity vs. CA-controls (+69% and +115%; both p < 0.05), but metabolic training adaptations were less evident. Conclusions: Wheel running promoted SkM strength and endurance, but there was a greater increase in endurance capacity than strength. This outcome may be due to adaptive signaling interference. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mode and intensity on VO2 kinetics in the severe intensity domain. Seventeen participants completed 3-7 tests each on a cycle ergometer and treadmill. For each test, Tfatigue, VO2max, Tmean response, VO2GAIN, TVO2max and T@VO2max were determined. Linear regression techniques were used to describe the relationship between TVO2max and Tfatigue . VO2max values were higher in running. The VO2 response profile was faster for running than cycling and faster at higher intensities. The faster VO2 response in running may be associated with larger active muscle mass or differences in muscle activation patterns. The faster response at higher intensities may suggest that VO2 response is driven by O2 demand.

Title: The Comparison of pressure changes in the running shoes of different drop Student: Martin Procházka Supervisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, Ph.D. Consulting: Mgr. Aleš Tvrzník Thesis'objectives: The main objective of this thesis was to monitor changes in pressures acting on the foot in stand phase with different variables. There were some external conditions that were changed, the running speed (10, 12, 14 and 16 km/h), running technique (heelstrike and forefoot strike) and the main theme of the work, running shoes of different drop (10, 5, 0 mm). Current pressures on the foot were obtained through special inserts Pedar - X and further processed into the software of the German brand Novel. Secondary objective was to intra- and inter-compare probands with greater emphasis on intra-individual component because of the diversity of technique of each proband. One of the aims of this work was the possibility of subsequent feedback and training recommendations for these runners based on the obtained values. Thesis methodology: Probands were tested on a treadmill HP KOSMOS specialized laboratory CASRI. In each section of the sample was determined by measuring the 100 steps to the right and 100 steps to the left foot. It means approximately 90 seconds of running in one speed and technique. The prints were...

Thepurposeofthis thesis was to determinewhethermy assembledtutorial has a positive impact on thetechniqueofthelow start and swing run. Thetheoretical part explainsthekeywordsthat are necessaryforanunderstandingoftheissues. In thepractical partwasshooted a filestudentsduring a lowstarting and swing runningthenwasappliedtheassembledtutorial to this sample ofstudents and thenwasshootedthe video again. Evaluationoftheresearchwasperformed by comparingtherecordedvideos. Thanks to thisprocedurewasfoundthe influence ofthetutorial on thetechniqueduringlowstarting and the swing phaseof run. Keywords: running, low start, swing running, athletics

NAME OF THE AUTHOR: Bc. Eva Babicová SUPERVISIOR: Mgr. Lenka Kovářová, Ph.D., MBA Title: Possibilities of using the Myotest for the evaluation of the running technique Objectives: The aim of this work is to do pilot study of Myotest device and on the basis of the results obtained and analyzed materials is used to determine the possibility of the practical uses of the Myotest for evaluating the running technique. Methods: This thesis is its character a pilot study. We used literature search literature dedicated to technique of run and device Myotest. These information were used to determine the parameters of technique, which can used to evaluate running technique. Subsequently, field measurements were performed, which confirmed and verified data obtained from the research literature. Results: The results were processed using MS Excel. Using an analysis of the measured results have determined the possibility of practical use of the device. With Myotest PRO instrument, it is possible to analyze the parameters of the running technique, such as speed, stride length and frequency, the vertical movement of the center of gravity, takeoff angle and impact, and reactivity or regularity of stride. Device results are evaluated using average values of the test section. On the basis of the analyzed parameters...