This thesis sheds light on differences in health insurance enrolment determinants and uptake barriers between urban and rural areas in the Jirapa district of Ghana. The National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana has made significant progress in terms of enrolment, which has had a commensurate increase in utilization of health care services. However, there are challenges that pose a threat to the scheme’s transition to universal coverage; enrolment in the scheme has not progressed according to plan, and there are many barriers known to impede uptake of health care. Interestingly, these barriers vary in relation to locality, and rural residents appear to carry a disproportionate portion of the burden. A mixed method approach was employed to collect and analyse the data. On the basis of the primary qualitative and quantitative results, the thesis argues that the costs of enrolling and accessing health care is disproportionately higher for rural residents than it is their urban counterparts. It also highlights that the distribution of service benefits both in terms of the NHIS and health care in the Jirapa district favours urban residents. Lastly, the thesis found that whereas rural residents prefer health care provision to be social in nature, urban residents were more interested in the technical quality aspects of care. These findings suggest that rural residents are not benefitting from, or may not be accessing health services to the extent as their urban counterparts. Affordability, long distance to health facilities, availability and acceptability barriers were found to influence the resultant pro-urban distribution of the overall health care benefit. / Ghana Education Trust Fund (GETFund)

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No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Research has shown that more people are migrating to rural areas from urban ones. Rural areas are now composed of a variety of residents from different social and economic backgrounds. Because of this variety of residents, potential for social conflicts exists. One area of possible conflict is the difference in attitudes regarding land use and objectives for the rural landscape. Some planners and sociologists believe a better understanding of the impact of urban migration on the rural landscape is needed. The future character of the rural landscape is uncertain. This research will concentrate on the potential conflicts in attitudes toward the rural landscape among the different groups of residents who now live there. From the possible research questions raised in this area of study, the following hypothesis is suggested: Rural natives and nonnatives have a shared interest in preserving the character of the rural landscape.in which they reside. Testing this hypothesis should provide the land use planner and the landscape architect with a framework with which to evaluate plans and decisions for rural areas. The study area for this research will be Grayson County, Virginia. / M. Arch.

Sponsorship is widely recognized as a major factor in migration decisions. However, the extent to which it encourages potential migrants to move has been little documented. This study documents the role of urban sponsorship in rural to urban migration decisions, specifically sponsorship in Northeast Thailand, using data originally gathered to redirect rural to urban movement in the area, and utilizing multiple analysis of variance and multiple regression to account for the effect of sponsorship on potential migration decisions among other competing explanations. The characteristics of urban sponsors were also considered in examining the variations in sponsorship. / Master of Science

In developing countries like Ethiopia rural-urban migration affects development in both urban and rural areas. As such, this study aims at establishing the major causes and consequences of the movement of people from rural to urban areas. To achieve the objective 500 migrant household heads were selected randomly from three kebeles of the town. Both primary and secondary data were employed and were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study revealed that migrants came to Woldiya in search of employment and to utilize urban services and education. Hence, the out flow of economically active people from the rural agricultural sector has a negative effect on production in the areas of origin and the receiving area now experiences problems such as a shortage of housing, unemployment, increasing cost of living, lack of access to social services, Therefore, to mitigate the problem of rural-urban migration is launching of integrated rural development policy / Geography / M.A. (Geography)

by Ip Iam Chong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-160). / LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES --- p.i / ACKNOWLEGEMENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii-v / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION: INDUSTRIALIZATION AND FAMILY CHANGE1 --- p.1-15 / Chapter 1.1. --- JOIN THE WORLD OF CAPITALIST ECONOMY --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- DIVERSIFICATION OF PEASANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3. --- COASTAL CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4. --- WORKERS' STORIES --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.13 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- INDUSTRIALIZATION AND FAMILY DYNAMICS --- p.16-35 / Chapter 2.1. --- TWO ARGUMENTS OF FAMILY AND INDUSTRIALIZATION --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- """Breakdown"" Argument" --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- """Family Strategy"" Argument" --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2. --- FAMILY AS COHERENT UNIT: A CRITIQUE --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Un-examined Assumption --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Individual Autonomy in Family --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- A Site of Conflicts --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3. --- "GENDER, FAMILY AND INDUSTRIALIZATION" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4. --- FRAMEWORK AND CONCEPTUALIZATION --- p.34 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- INFLUXES OF LABOUR AND CAPITAL --- p.36-51 / Chapter 3.1. --- EXPORT INDUSTRIALIZATION --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2. --- OPEN ECONOMIC POLICY --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3. --- INFLUXES OF CAPITAL THROUGH HONG KONG --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4. --- PEARL RIVER DELTA ZONE: REGAINS ITS LINKEAGES WITH CAPITALIST WORLD --- p.41 / Chapter 3.5. --- TAKEOFF OF DONGGUAN --- p.43 / Chapter 3.6. --- NEWLY DEVELOPED INDUSTRIAL TOWN: TOWN C --- p.45 / Chapter 3.7. --- "POOR MOUNTAINOUS REGION: DAWU COUNTY, YANGGANG VILLAGE" --- p.46 / Chapter 3.8. --- REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN EXPERIENCING ECONOMIC REFORM --- p.50 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- DECLINE OF PARENTAL CONTROL ON LABOUR ALLOCATION --- p.52-73 / Chapter 4.1. --- DIFFERENT POINTS OF DEPARTURE --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Male: Extension of Original Autonomy --- p.52 / Chapter - --- Independent Working Experience --- p.54 / Chapter - --- Decision-making Process --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.2. --- Females: From Dependent to independent --- p.60 / Chapter - --- Autonomy and Peer Group --- p.62 / Chapter - --- Serious Disagreement --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2. --- INDIVIDUALS INTERESTS DOMINATED HOUSEHOLD --- p.69 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- REINFORCEMENT OF PARENTAL CONTROL ON WAGE FUND --- p.74-94 / Chapter 5.1. --- GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LABOUR MARKET --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.1. --- Women: Steady Wage and Steady Remittances --- p.78 / Chapter 5.1.2. --- Men: Irregular Income --- p.80 / Chapter 5.2. --- GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RIGHTS TO HOUSEHOLD FUND --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Unequal Distribution of Rights --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Transfer Females' wages to Males --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- Wage Contributions for Social Reproduction of Family --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3. --- HOUSEHOLD INTERESTS DOMINATED INDIVIDUALS --- p.91 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- BARGAIN AND COMPROMISE ON HOUSEHOLD REPRODUCTION --- p.95-122 / Chapter 6.1. --- HOUSEHOLD REPRODUCTION --- p.95 / Chapter 6.2. --- FAILURE OF ASSIMILATION --- p.96 / Chapter 6.2.1. --- """My home is not here!""" --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2.2. --- Split Labour Market --- p.98 / Chapter 6.2.3. --- Harsh Work and Danger --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.4. --- Localistic Antagonism --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.5. --- Distrust in Urban Facilities and Institutions --- p.104 / Chapter 6.3. --- LOCALISTIC CONNECTIONS --- p.107 / Chapter 6.3.1. --- Supportive Networks --- p.108 / Chapter 6.3.2. --- Temporary Work and Residence --- p.111 / Chapter 6.4. --- WITHOUT OPTION --- p.113 / Chapter 6.4.1. --- "Women: ""Decide after return home.""" --- p.114 / Chapter 6.4.2. --- "Men: ""Working near home is easier.""" --- p.118 / Chapter 6.5. --- NEGOTIATIONS WITHIN HOUSEHOLD --- p.121 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- CONCLUSION: HOUSEHOLD STRATEGIES VS INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES --- p.123-144 / Chapter 7.1. --- REORGANIZATION AND DISORGANIZATION OF FAMILY --- p.123 / Chapter 7.2. --- THREE DIMENSIONS OF HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2.1. --- Individual Strategy Dominated Family Strategy --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2.2. --- Family Strategy Dominated Individual Strategy --- p.126 / Chapter 7.2.3. --- Balance Between Family and Individual Strategy --- p.127 / Chapter 7.3. --- THE INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINS ON FAMILY STRATEGY --- p.129 / Chapter 7.4. --- "STRUCTURATION AS ""ENABLE AND CONSTRAIN""" --- p.130 / Chapter 7.4.1. --- Industrial Employment --- p.130 / Chapter 7.4.2. --- Household --- p.131 / Chapter 7.5. --- "RETHINKING ""HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY""" --- p.132 / Chapter 7.5.1. --- "Whose Strategies were ""Family Strategies""?" --- p.135 / Chapter 7.5.2. --- Family as Intersecting Point between Individual and Industrialization? --- p.138 / Chapter 7.6. --- CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT AND FAMILY CHANGE --- p.139 / Chapter 7.7. --- LIMITATION --- p.145 / APPENDIX: Name List of Informants --- p.147 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.148-160

by So Chin-hung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-132). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii / Chapter CHAPTER I --- The PROBLEM --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Review of Population Mobility Research in China --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Population Mobility --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Urbanisation and Economic Development --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Secondary Sources of Population Mobility Data --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Aims and Propositions --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Statement of Research Problems --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- The Concept of Population Mobility --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7 --- Background to Rural-Urban Migration in China --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Rural-Urban Migration Controls --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Rural-Urban Migration Since 1979 --- p.18 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1 --- Theoretical Background --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Field Research Design and Sampling --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Site --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Questionnaire --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- The Sample --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- The Sampling Methods --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3 --- Fieldwork in Shunde City --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Pilot Study --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Field Research in Shunde --- p.36 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- The PEARL RIVER DELTA AND SHUNDE CITY --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Pearl River Delta --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Shunde City --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- The DECISION TO MOVE --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Characteristics of Migrants --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Age and Sex --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Marital Status and Number of Children --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Education Level Attained --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Place of Origin --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- Dialects Used in Place of Origin --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1.7 --- Length of Residence in Shunde --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2 --- Perceived Life in Village and City --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Life in the Village --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Life in the City --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3 --- Reasons for Migration --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Stated Reasons for Leaving the Village --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Stated Reasons for Moving to Shunde --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4 --- The Decision Making --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Person Making the Decision to Move --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Decision to Move to Shunde --- p.74 / Chapter 4.5 --- Information of Opportunities --- p.75 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.77 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- The MIGRANTS IN THE CITY --- p.79 / Chapter 5.1 --- Adjustment to the Urban Environment --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experiences in Shunde --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3 --- Urban-Rural Linkage --- p.90 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Urban-Rural Visits --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Remittance --- p.95 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Permanent Residence --- p.97 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.98 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.100 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of Findings --- p.101 / Chapter 6.2 --- Policy Implications --- p.105 / Chapter 6.3 --- Suggestions for Further Research --- p.106 / APPENDIX --- p.108 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.112