This essay aims to examine how the democratization of Tunisia has taken place since the Arabic spring. It will also analyze how well the country qualifies as a consolidated democracy and what conflicts that have been the driving force of the democratization process. The essay is a qualitive case study and explores the years of 1987 to 2018. Moreover, it is supported by the democratization theory of Dankward A Rustow. The Arabic spring was a consequence of the high unemployment numbers, the poverty in the country and the discontent of the president’s approach of ruling. The road to the democracy has suffered from many difficulties due to influences of the previous authoritarian rule. The situation in Tunisia after the Arabic spring has been unstable and demonstrations in smaller scales has taken place. Today the country has free and fair elections regularly and 2014 a new constitution was introduced. However, people have not gained a better lifestyle from the democratization even though the democracy has flourished. Lastly, the Tunisian democracy is not yet consolidated and still needs to the implemented into the country’s laws and population.

The purpose of this paper is to study why Iraq has not achieved democratic consolidation. Studies are interesting from a statistical scientific point of view again, many researchers are involved in how the process of democratization works and why countries are stuck at different stages. The overall question on which my study is based is: Why has Iraq not achieved democratic consolidation? Another issue that is in the essay is in what phase Iraq is in Rustow's theory? My approach to answering my questions has been to study Dankwart Rustow's democratization theory. His theory is based on the fact that democracy can be created on the basis of four different phases: unity phase, resolution phase, transition phase and consolidation phase. The essay concludes that Iraq is in the transition phase and has not been able to achieve democratic consolidation. The underlying causes have been religious, political and ethnic factors.

Thesis -- Departmental honors in International Relations. / Spine title: Islamists as instruments of change: a study on democratization. Includes bibliography: ℓ. 105-110.

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