This thesis deals with basic colour terms (in the conception of B. Berlin and P. Kay) in Czech and Russian idioms. The theoretical framework applied in this research incorporates the main tenets of cognitive semantics (the language is anthropocentric, it is interrelated with the mind, the lexical meaning is motivated by bodily experience of speakers, the categorization as a crucial way of reality interpretation). According to it the semantics of colour terms are presented as a structured mental category that consists of individual concepts (meanings), which are inter- linked with one another. The core of this thesis presents the analysis of the Czech and Russian dictionaries and the corpus data, in terms of which the prototypes of each colour term are revealed and visual schemes of their metaphorical and metonymic meaning extension are charted. The findings lead to designate the similarities and the differences in the meaning of studied terms, in particular to determinate some features, which are peculiar for linguistic worldview of Czech and Russian.

Mluvčí typologicky odlišných jazyků volí různé strategie při popisu stejné události v závislosti na dostupných jazykově-specifických gramatických prostředcích. Tyto strategie se projevují např. různými způsoby konceptualizace událostních rámců bě- hem jazykového vyjádření, ale v nejazykové kognici. Jedním z jevů, které byly v této souvislosti zaznemány, jsou jazykově specifické způsoby gestikulace doprovázející mluvené popisy událostí, které reflektují (či manifestují) tělesně ukotvená konceptuál- ní schémata, na nichž naše vnímání událostí stojí. Tématem této práce je multimodální konstruování (construal) událostí v češtině a v angličtině. Konkrétně se práce zaměřuje na spojitosti mezi formálními rysy gest (způsob pohybu a jeho zakončení) a sémantické rysy, které konstituují tzv. aspektuální kontury událostí (konstruování časového a kvalitativního průběhu události). První část prezentovaného výzkumu tvoří analýza materiálu z českého a anglického multimodální korpusu. Oba použité korpusy obsahují nahrávky spontánních pro- jevů v interakcích zachycených během pracovních jednání v akademickém prostředí. Kvantitativní analýzy (metoda tzv. klasifikačních stromů a náhodných lesů) ukázala, že a) v angličtině je významným prediktorem výskytu gest s rysem ukončenosti aktion- sartová kategorie achievement...

The aim of the given thesis is to expound the problem of syntax processing by creating adjectival compounds in dictionary entries for the Large German-Czech Academic Dictionary. Assuming that exactly these words, which belong to the complicated vocabulary items, cause difficulties for foreign speakers with text comprehension and text production. It is based on the nature of German language, which makes many compounds, as opposed to in Czech language. Not only are the meanings of these words revealed to be problematic, but also their usage. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with characteristics of adjectives as word class, and because each word always has its context, attention will be primarily focused on the adjectival valency. Previously, only the valency of verbs and substantives has been discussed. When a native speaker automatically knows these syntax structures and even when, in case of foreign language, there could exist structural similarities between the source and target language, the structures ought consequently to be given in the dictionary. In some mono- or bilingual dictionary the user should find complex informations for word searched. The practical part involves analysis of ten chosen adjective compounds, which shows how the valency structures are...

This thesis analyzes the poetics of Holan's Triumf smrti (1930, revised in 1936, 1948, 1965), collections written in the period of neosymbolism - Vanutí (1932, ultimately revised in 1965), Oblouk (1934, ultimately revised in 1965) and Kameni, přicházíš… (1937, ultimately revised in 1965) as well as collections reacting to the Munich Agreement and following historical events - Odpověď Francii (written in 1938, first published as late as 1946 in the compilation Havraním brkem), Září 1938 (1938), Zpěv tříkrálový (written in 1938-1939, first published as late as 1946 in the compilation Havraním brkem), Sen (1939), Chór (1941). In the first place, the thesis focuses on identifying the rhythmic structure of the individual collections, their constants and gradual transition. Part of the exploration of poetics is the determination of the function of the rhythmic constants in the individual collections, accompanied by an attempt to demonstrate that the rhythmic building of verse together with its instrumentation belongs to the essential components of Holan's poetics of that period. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the semantics of Holan's poetics in the given collections of his, especially the analysis of the basic features of the poet's metaphor and metonymy, their mutual relationship and permeation....

The main task of this Masters Thesis is to understand questions of information retrieval and text classifi cation. The main research is focused on the text data, the semantic dictionaries and especially the knowledges inferred from the Wikipedia. In this thesis is also described implementation of the querying system, which is based on achieved knowledges. Finally properties and possible improvements of the system are talked over.

The dissertation deals with semantic relations between adjectives and deadjectival verbs in Czech. It focuses on the question how the property scale conveyed by adjectives is encoded in the semantics of deadjectival verbs. After the first chapter which presents the topic of the dissertation, in the second chapter, I describe the theoretical and methodological context of contemporary linguistics from a broader perspective in order to relate the theoretical and methodological procedures present in this paper to the current linguistic development. The third chapter pursues the semantics of adjectives in Czech and various approaches to their classification. It presents a scalar classification of adjectives according to which adjectives denote a scale of some property, i.e. an ordered set of degrees along a dimension. With support of empirical research (based on a questionnaire survey and corpus data) I show that it is possible to implement the scalar model into the description of Czech adjectives. This approach states that adjectives are one of many means in language that serve to express measurement (and attribute it to objects and individuals). At the end of the chapter, I propose a classification of Czech adjectives and generalize prototypical semantics of adjectival classes by vector constructions...

Eva Krásová: Émile Benveniste and the role of sens My thesis "Émile Benveniste and the role of sens" is a monographic study of the life work of Émile Benveniste (1902-1977) through the role that the concept of meaning (sens) takes in his thought. I adopt the methodology defined by K. Kœrner as "historiography of language sciences", and thus my perspective on Benveniste's work is mainly chronological and developmental. First part of the thesis concentrates on theoretical foundations of Benveniste's thought in the school of Paris (A. Meillet and M. Bréal), Prague (R. Jakobson and V. Skalička) and Copenhagen (texts around 1939). I point out the concept of language system in diachrony in A. Meillet's thinking and in Prague school and present a hypothesis about the role of Émile Bneveniste in their contact during the International congresses of linguists. This results into a description of the perspective of meaning as it was presented in Benveniste's 1962 lecture "Levels of linguistic analysis". Second part deals with Benveniste's concept linguistics of discours. First chapter explains the main concepts of Benveniste's theory of language: semiotics and semantics or the semiotical and the semantical (le/la sémiotique, sémantique), enunciation (énonciation), appropriation (appropriation) and the theory...