The diploma thesis focuses on linguistic terminology in current mass media discourse. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the occurrences of linguistic terms in the corpus SYN2013PUB and to describe their function, meaning and context and the process of their determinologization. The first part concerns the existing approaches to terms and terminology, the specifics of the linguistics terminology, the function of the terms in the professional style and their use in the journalistic style. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the relations between general lexicon and terminology, terminologization and determinologization. The analysis of the examples indicates, how to follow the determinologization in the texts. The examples are classified according to the indicators of determinologization. These indicators are typical means of journalistic style (which contains terms), journalistic innovation of the collocability, specific ways of explaining the terms and the semantics or formal modifications of the terms. The determinologization is considered an unfinished process, accomplished for diverse corpus occurrences of linguistic terms in various extent.

The goal of the diploma thesis is to design, implement and evaluate classifiers for automatic classification of semantic patterns of English verbs according to a pattern lexicon that draws on the Corpus Pattern Analysis. We use a pilot collection of 30 sample English verbs as training and test data sets. We employ standard methods of machine learning. In our experiments we use decision trees, k-nearest neighbourghs (kNN), support vector machines (SVM) and Adaboost algorithms. Among other things we concentrate on feature design and selection. We experiment with both morpho-syntactic and semantic features. Our results show that the morpho-syntactic features are the most important for statistically-driven semantic disambiguation. Nevertheless, for some verbs the use of semantic features plays an important role.

This thesis examines suffixation in Middle English in the periods 1200-1299 and 1300-1399. More specifically, the work is focussed on nominal coinages of native origin only, formed with the suffixes -ness, -head / -hood, -ship and -dom, where the aim is to observe their productivity in time. In the theoretical part, we explore the contribution of external (socio-political) and internal (typological and word-formational) factors to changes in the English language, including word-formation processes. Our hypothesis is that suffixation as a word-formation process will continue strongly, despite the ongoing language-internal changes and the overwhelming influx of foreign words. Data for this research was collected from The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) through Advance Search. The data retrieved for each suffix was considered from a morphological, structural and lexico-semantic perspective. The analyses were performed to detect changes in the behaviour of each suffix and to discover the realities attesting their productivity. Moreover, the analyses uncovered additional phenomena: types that had only one quotation (hapaxes) and competition occurring between the selected suffixes. The hapaxes were also investigated for their morphological, structural and semantic features so as to identify any common...

2/2 Abstract: In the present work we deal with a specific class of factors with the assumed potential to determine (refine) the preferred lexical meaning in case of ambiguity. A required feature of these factors is that they don't depend on the nature of any particular communication situation, but should be exclusively related to the person of the speaker or listener and some of his personality, sociolinguistics and other characteristics, i.e. traditional factors such as context, time-space characteristics, are deliberately excluded. The preferred lexical meaning was studied by means of a questionnaire survey in the sample of respondents. The analysed data were the initial immediate associations reported by the respondents in the association test for each of the thirty selected ambiguous words. The respondent was confronted with individual test terms in isolation outside of any context or specific communication situation. Under these assumptions, the ability of selected respondents' characteristics such as gender, age, education, geographical area of their life, profession or hobbies of the respondent can be examined to what extent they can be the explanatory factors of the lexical meaning of the first choice in the test expressions. In addition to the specific findings concerning the factors of lexical...

I continue my work on the cognitive-linguistic research of somatisms (names of body parts) and conceptual profiles, into which I bring research findings of Czech sign language. I performed a structural analysis of the signs, where a place of articulation is on the nose. Then I categorized these signs using conceptual profiles: GESTURE, APPEARANCE/ MANIFESTATION, FUNCTION and LOCALIZATION. On the basis of such profiles are shown new possibilities etymological interpretation of a relatively large number of collected signs. The created linguistic picture of the nose in the Czech sign language I compared with the image with the linguistic picture of the nose in the Czech language. I also conducted preliminary probes into other sign languages, which I have served as a guide for effective grasp of the issues.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse and describe the Middle English adjectival innovations of native origin coming into existence by prefixation in the period of 1200-1400. The formations are described from the point of view of their word-formation and semantics, the individual word- formation patterns are identified and analysed in terms of their productivity. In the theoretical part we present three points of view - social, typological and word-formational - which allow us to formulate our hypothesis consisting in the assumption that the native prefixation will exhibit gradual signs of decreasing productivity, brought about both by the language-external and language-internal causes - the language being overwhelmed by the an influx of foreign elements due to political and social situation at the time; as well as gradual phonological and semantic non- transparency of the native prefixes. The empirical part is based on the analysis of the 219 adjectives retrieved from the Oxford English Dictionary. Our results show that 7 out of 13 prefixes are decreasing in productivity or unproductive, yet the situation is not homogeneous and we were able to identify eight possible scenarios of development in productivity patterns. Our hypothesis is thus confirmed only partially - both the extra and...

(anglicky): In my thesis I analyze how Swedish verbal particles change semantics of the verb. Mainly I compare different types of verbal particles: bound and free particles, prepositional and adverbial particles. I observe how meaning of the verb + particle changes from local to metaphorical and further to lexicalized and grammaticalized meaning. Theoretical observations are based on general linguistics, particularly on premises of functional approaches. In the practical part of the thesis I analyze behavior of particles ut and av on a corpus sample. In the final part I compare conclusions made based on the literature with analysis of the language sample. The results show that most often verb + particle are lexicalized phrases. That applies even in cases, when the particle decides whether the action expressed by the verb has reached its end or not, which I considered partially grammaticalized in the theoretical part. Many of the lexicalized particle verbs have transparent meaning, which is possible to duplicate based on analogy. Such particle verbs with metaphorical, transparent meaning are source for great variability in the system of Swedish particle verbs. In the final part of the thesis I show parallels between Swedish verb particles and Czech verbal prefixes. These differ mainly in that the...

Diploma thesis, Analysis of publicistic columns specifically focused on politically aimed commentary, treats of attitude of authors of publicistic columns about political parties or eventually to politicians. The aim of this work is to describe the ways and means of expressing authors use to formulate their position, focusing on these within Pravo's and Mladá fronta DNES's print-outs from January 2010 to June 2010 so mainly in months before the elections. The first part presents modern development of approach to language and text. That should elucidate how the pragmatic way of language examination has begun. In the practical part I applied the approach to language and text, as listed above, and I applied the pragmatic analysis. Qualitative analysis of publicistic columns examines inclination of authors to left-wing or right-wing parties, mostly to ODS or ČSSD. It is possible to deduce what authors criticize within the frame of the whole political situation. This work also examines, what means authors of publicistic articles use to profess affection or aversion to particular politician or political party. This diploma thesis forms compendium of publicistic texts in chosen journals and characterizes the conception which reflects their relation to politics.

This thesis deals with toponym of Tschechei, which has not been studied yet in detail. This topic is still relevant since even today the Czech Republic is also called Tschechei by natives and non-natives. In this work, three theories were formulated, which describe the etymology and usage of this term. These theories were then applied in diachronic and synchronic analyses to find out the meaning of the term Tschechei used by different users of a language. Furthermore, the corresponding theory was assigned to each use. This method proved that this term is present in diachronic as well as in synchronic language usage. This thesis presents a conclusion that the explanation and description of this toponym in the available dictionaries is not sufficient. Therefore, the term of Tschechei is defined as a separate dictionary entry for the prepared German-Czech dictionary.

The Semantic web was created for a purpose of conceptualization data available on the Internet. Through formalized representations, that are determined for data sharing and reusing, should have been its vision realized. Main aims of Semantic web are high exactness and relevance for searching question. The controversy and polysemy of the term "Semantic web" let us consider the question: "Where is the limit of involving semantic aspects provided on Semantic web?" Is it not only the amount of determinations of specific standards that are connected with data itself? The main aim of this thesis is the comparison of using terms on the Semantic web in semantic metadiscourse with traditional academic semiotics approaches appeared from pragmatic of Ch. S. Peirce, Ch. W. Morris and H. P. Grice. The thesis should help with mapping the problematic area that is connected with using terms like "meaning" and "understanding" and clarify the possibilities of the function of the Semantic web based on the semiotics conceptions.