Currently, size is used as the predetermining factor to judge whether a saccular aneurysm is likely to rupture. Recent studies of the nonlinear mechanics of saccular aneurysms suggest that it is unlikely that they enlarge or rupture via material (limit point) or dynamic (resonance) instabilities. Rather, there is a growing body of evidence from both vascular biology and finite element analyses that implicate mechanosensitive growth and remodeling processes. There is, therefore, an even greater need to quantify regional multiaxial wall stresses, which because of the membrane-like behavior of aneurysms implicates the need for better data on regional surface curvatures. By using a convenient function, such as a Legendre polynomial, a quick, accurate approximation can be made for the size and shape of a saccular aneurysm that allows for stress analysis that surgeons can use to determine if the risk of rupture warrants the risk of treatment.

Currently, size is used as the predetermining factor to judge whether a saccular aneurysm is likely to rupture. Recent studies of the nonlinear mechanics of saccular aneurysms suggest that it is unlikely that they enlarge or rupture via material (limit point) or dynamic (resonance) instabilities. Rather, there is a growing body of evidence from both vascular biology and finite element analyses that implicate mechanosensitive growth and remodeling processes. There is, therefore, an even greater need to quantify regional multiaxial wall stresses, which because of the membrane-like behavior of aneurysms implicates the need for better data on regional surface curvatures. By using a convenient function, such as a Legendre polynomial, a quick, accurate approximation can be made for the size and shape of a saccular aneurysm that allows for stress analysis that surgeons can use to determine if the risk of rupture warrants the risk of treatment.

No description available.

Introdução: A correção do aneurisma pela técnica endovascular ganha mais espaço com o aprimoramento do material utilizado, buscando-se um sistema ideal. Os estudos com esses dispositivos necessitam de modelos experimentais que devem apresentar características anatômicas e fisiopatológicas similares aos aneurismas em humanos. Apresentamos um novo modelo com bolsa de pericárdio bovino em suínos, com abordagem cirúrgica por via retroperitonial. Materiais e métodos: Estudo prospectivo, de coorte, avaliado pelo comitê de bioética, utilizando 11 suínos de raça Large White e do sexo feminino, com idade de 12 semanas, dividido em duas fases. A fase I consistiu na confecção do aneurisma, abordando a aorta retroperitonial com anestesia geral; na fase II, após 15 dias, realizou-se a arteriografia, eutanásia e retirada da peça para estudo anatomopatológico. Resultados: Em todos os animais, observou-se formação de trombos murais, como ocorre em aneurismas verdadeiros que comprometem de 30 a 90% da luz. À microscopia foram observadas calcificações na região do trombo em 82% dos animais. Havia infiltrado linfoplasmocitário no enxerto e região perienxerto, com fibrose em nove animais. Em três suínos havia espessamento miointimal considerável, e em oito, microcalcificações. A mortalidade foi nula, sem complicações cirúrgicas locais, isquêmicas e de ruptura. Conclusão: O modelo corresponde ao objetivo inicial de manter a aorta, seus ramos colaterais e terminais pérvios, com achados estruturais semelhantes aos de aneurismas encontrados em humanos: reação inflamatória parietal, periadvencial, trombo e calcificações da parede. As técnicas anestésica e operatória desenvolvidas foram satisfatórias e de morbimortalidade nula no período avaliado. / Background: The correction of an aneurysm using endovascular techniques has gained importance with the improvement of materials. The study of endovascular prostheses requires experimental models that reproduce anatomic and physiopathologic characteristics of human aneurysms. This study describes a new swine model that used bovine pericardium and a retroperitoneal surgical approach. Material and methods: This prospective cohort study used eleven Large White female pigs with a mean age of 12 weeks in the two study phases. In phase I, the aneurysm was produced and surgery using a retroperitoneal approach to the aorta under general anesthesia was performed; and in phase II, 15 days later, the animals underwent arteriography and were later killed, and specimens were removed for histological analysis Results: The formation of parietal thrombus, which is also found in true aneurysms that involve 30 to 90% of the lumen, was observed in all animals. Microscopic analysis showed calcifications in the area of thrombus in 82% of the animals. There was lymphoplasmocytic infiltration in the graft and adjacent area, with fibrosis in nine animals. Three pigs had substantial myointimal thickening, and eight had microcalcifications. Mortality was zero, and there were no ruptures, ischemia or surgery site. Conclusion: The aorta and its collateral and terminal branches remained healthy, and structural findings were similar to those observed in human aneurysms: wall inflammation, periadventitial thrombus and wall calcification. The anesthetic and operatory techniques were satisfactory, and there was no morbidity or mortality during the study.

Introdução: A correção do aneurisma pela técnica endovascular ganha mais espaço com o aprimoramento do material utilizado, buscando-se um sistema ideal. Os estudos com esses dispositivos necessitam de modelos experimentais que devem apresentar características anatômicas e fisiopatológicas similares aos aneurismas em humanos. Apresentamos um novo modelo com bolsa de pericárdio bovino em suínos, com abordagem cirúrgica por via retroperitonial. Materiais e métodos: Estudo prospectivo, de coorte, avaliado pelo comitê de bioética, utilizando 11 suínos de raça Large White e do sexo feminino, com idade de 12 semanas, dividido em duas fases. A fase I consistiu na confecção do aneurisma, abordando a aorta retroperitonial com anestesia geral; na fase II, após 15 dias, realizou-se a arteriografia, eutanásia e retirada da peça para estudo anatomopatológico. Resultados: Em todos os animais, observou-se formação de trombos murais, como ocorre em aneurismas verdadeiros que comprometem de 30 a 90% da luz. À microscopia foram observadas calcificações na região do trombo em 82% dos animais. Havia infiltrado linfoplasmocitário no enxerto e região perienxerto, com fibrose em nove animais. Em três suínos havia espessamento miointimal considerável, e em oito, microcalcificações. A mortalidade foi nula, sem complicações cirúrgicas locais, isquêmicas e de ruptura. Conclusão: O modelo corresponde ao objetivo inicial de manter a aorta, seus ramos colaterais e terminais pérvios, com achados estruturais semelhantes aos de aneurismas encontrados em humanos: reação inflamatória parietal, periadvencial, trombo e calcificações da parede. As técnicas anestésica e operatória desenvolvidas foram satisfatórias e de morbimortalidade nula no período avaliado. / Background: The correction of an aneurysm using endovascular techniques has gained importance with the improvement of materials. The study of endovascular prostheses requires experimental models that reproduce anatomic and physiopathologic characteristics of human aneurysms. This study describes a new swine model that used bovine pericardium and a retroperitoneal surgical approach. Material and methods: This prospective cohort study used eleven Large White female pigs with a mean age of 12 weeks in the two study phases. In phase I, the aneurysm was produced and surgery using a retroperitoneal approach to the aorta under general anesthesia was performed; and in phase II, 15 days later, the animals underwent arteriography and were later killed, and specimens were removed for histological analysis Results: The formation of parietal thrombus, which is also found in true aneurysms that involve 30 to 90% of the lumen, was observed in all animals. Microscopic analysis showed calcifications in the area of thrombus in 82% of the animals. There was lymphoplasmocytic infiltration in the graft and adjacent area, with fibrosis in nine animals. Three pigs had substantial myointimal thickening, and eight had microcalcifications. Mortality was zero, and there were no ruptures, ischemia or surgery site. Conclusion: The aorta and its collateral and terminal branches remained healthy, and structural findings were similar to those observed in human aneurysms: wall inflammation, periadventitial thrombus and wall calcification. The anesthetic and operatory techniques were satisfactory, and there was no morbidity or mortality during the study.

Introdução: A correção do aneurisma pela técnica endovascular ganha mais espaço com o aprimoramento do material utilizado, buscando-se um sistema ideal. Os estudos com esses dispositivos necessitam de modelos experimentais que devem apresentar características anatômicas e fisiopatológicas similares aos aneurismas em humanos. Apresentamos um novo modelo com bolsa de pericárdio bovino em suínos, com abordagem cirúrgica por via retroperitonial. Materiais e métodos: Estudo prospectivo, de coorte, avaliado pelo comitê de bioética, utilizando 11 suínos de raça Large White e do sexo feminino, com idade de 12 semanas, dividido em duas fases. A fase I consistiu na confecção do aneurisma, abordando a aorta retroperitonial com anestesia geral; na fase II, após 15 dias, realizou-se a arteriografia, eutanásia e retirada da peça para estudo anatomopatológico. Resultados: Em todos os animais, observou-se formação de trombos murais, como ocorre em aneurismas verdadeiros que comprometem de 30 a 90% da luz. À microscopia foram observadas calcificações na região do trombo em 82% dos animais. Havia infiltrado linfoplasmocitário no enxerto e região perienxerto, com fibrose em nove animais. Em três suínos havia espessamento miointimal considerável, e em oito, microcalcificações. A mortalidade foi nula, sem complicações cirúrgicas locais, isquêmicas e de ruptura. Conclusão: O modelo corresponde ao objetivo inicial de manter a aorta, seus ramos colaterais e terminais pérvios, com achados estruturais semelhantes aos de aneurismas encontrados em humanos: reação inflamatória parietal, periadvencial, trombo e calcificações da parede. As técnicas anestésica e operatória desenvolvidas foram satisfatórias e de morbimortalidade nula no período avaliado. / Background: The correction of an aneurysm using endovascular techniques has gained importance with the improvement of materials. The study of endovascular prostheses requires experimental models that reproduce anatomic and physiopathologic characteristics of human aneurysms. This study describes a new swine model that used bovine pericardium and a retroperitoneal surgical approach. Material and methods: This prospective cohort study used eleven Large White female pigs with a mean age of 12 weeks in the two study phases. In phase I, the aneurysm was produced and surgery using a retroperitoneal approach to the aorta under general anesthesia was performed; and in phase II, 15 days later, the animals underwent arteriography and were later killed, and specimens were removed for histological analysis Results: The formation of parietal thrombus, which is also found in true aneurysms that involve 30 to 90% of the lumen, was observed in all animals. Microscopic analysis showed calcifications in the area of thrombus in 82% of the animals. There was lymphoplasmocytic infiltration in the graft and adjacent area, with fibrosis in nine animals. Three pigs had substantial myointimal thickening, and eight had microcalcifications. Mortality was zero, and there were no ruptures, ischemia or surgery site. Conclusion: The aorta and its collateral and terminal branches remained healthy, and structural findings were similar to those observed in human aneurysms: wall inflammation, periadventitial thrombus and wall calcification. The anesthetic and operatory techniques were satisfactory, and there was no morbidity or mortality during the study.

This thesis is focused on stress in brain aneurysms. It consists of three parts. First part is aimed for gaining information about the topic from scientific resources. Next part consists of analyses of geometry of cerebral aneurysms on the computed wall stress. Analyses are performed on four basic geometrical models and results are being discussed. The risky areas in each investigated shape have been identified as well as the comparisons of stress between those shapes have been performed and the most dangerous shape among investigated shapes has been determined. Third part investigates the influence of surrounding tissue on the brain aneurysm. Conclusion of this thesis is that brain gray tissue has positive yet negligible effect on the computed wall stress.